scholarly journals Occurrence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Buchta ◽  
E. Kula ◽  
M. Kresťanpolová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
The City

The occurrence of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) subspecies was observed in lime trees in the urban area of Brno. Mites presence was assessed in relation to the lime species, its age and health conditions. Analysis of the occurrence of liosoma, tiliae and nervalis subspecies was carried out on leaves of 3,245 lime trees from the viewpoint of the host preference and spatial distribution of attack in the area of the city and potential effects of air pollution. Subspecies liosoma and tiliae occurred in 13% of lime trees, the subspecies of nervalis was found only in 4 limes. Eudominant subspecies of E. tiliae preferred mature trees and young trees reaching height of mature trees in good health conditions. The distribution of Eriophyes tiliae on lime trees in the area ofBrno depended on the distribution of suitable host trees and was not affected by air pollution.

scholarly journals Frequency and spatial distribution of animal and object hoarder behavior in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Camila Marinelli Martins ◽  
Marília de Fátima Ceccon-Valente ◽  
Liana Ludielli da Silva ◽  
Flavia Dias Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spatial Cluster ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
The North ◽  
Neighborhood Income ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
The City

Abstract: This study aimed to establish the frequency and spatial distribution of animal and object hoarding in Curitiba (Paraná State), the eighth most populous city in Brazil. All hoarding complaints received by the City Secretaries of Health, Environment and Social Assistance between September 2013 and April 2015 were collected (n = 226) and suspicious cases were individually investigated. A total of 113/226 (50%) of complaints were confirmed as hoarding cases, representing an overall ratio of 6.45 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Curitiba, of which 48/113 (42.5%) involved object hoarders, 41/113 (36.3%) animal hoarders and 24/113 (21.2%) both animal and object hoarders. A correlation of total identified cases with neighborhood population density and all population stratums analyzed (total, gender, age) was significantly positive (p < 0.01), and with neighborhood mean monthly income (r = -0.2; p = 0.03) significantly negative. A spatial cluster of cases was found in the north of the city (OR = 8.57; p < 0.01). Hoarding cases were relatively frequent in Curitiba and were associated with population distribution patterns and inversely related to neighborhood income.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Modelling of the Change of Residential-Induced PM10 Pollution through Substitution of Coal with Natural Gas in Domestic Heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10870
Author(s):  
Muzeyyen Anil Senyel Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Beyda Nur Zengin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

Air pollution has been one of the most critical urban problems. Urban energy networks are among the major sources of air pollution, particularly in highly populated urban areas. Residential heating, which is the primary cause of particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributes to the problem through the use of low-quality fuels, such as coal. Natural gas, although a fossil fuel, is a modern, relatively clean, and more efficient alternative in residential energy use, which helps to reduce particulate matter emissions. Coal was widely used in residential heating in İzmir, Turkey, whereas natural gas is a relatively new alternative which started to be used domestically in 2006. Switching from coal and other highly polluting fossil fuels to natural gas in urban energy distribution network has contributed to the alleviation of air pollution in the city in the past decade. Spatiotemporal analyses of the PM10 concentrations, and their relation to the natural gas investments, have been conducted in geographical information systems (GIS). The spatial distribution of the change in PM10 levels has been modeled with ordinary kriging for the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 winter seasons. Interpolated PM10 surfaces show that there is a significant decrease in the emissions throughout the city in the overall, while the highest levels of decrease are observed in the southern part of the city. Overlaying the interpolated PM10 surfaces and the natural gas pipeline investments enables the demonstration of the mutual relationship between the change in emission levels and the energy distribution network. Indeed, the spatial distribution of the pollution concentrations appears to be parallel to the natural gas investments. The pipeline investments were intensive during the 2010–2018 period in the southern districts when compared the rest of the city. The use of natural gas in residential heating contributed to the decrease in PM10 emissions.

scholarly journals Analisis Sebaran Spasial Tempat Pemakaman Umum Kota Jambi

JURNAL BUANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Januarman Januarman ◽  
Ahyuni Ahyuni ◽  
Endah Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
The City

Abstract This study aims to analyze spatial distribution of public cemetery (TPU) in Jambi City based on distribution pattern, capacity to requirement, and service coverage of Public Cemetery in Jambi City in 2017. The research method used is field survey by mapping the location of public graveyard, distribution patterns using Nearest Neighbour Analys, and counting TPU capacity and mapping the range of services. The results showed that the pattern of TPU distribution in Jambi City grouped following the pattern of community settlements that also influenced the morphological condition of Jambi City. Based on calculation of capacity with the number of needs of the grave at this time as many as 11,752 tombs and the availability of land as much as 302,634 tombs, so that the capacity of TPU in the city of Jambi currently as a whole is still able to meet the needs. Result of analysis of service range of TPU in Jambi City based on “buffer zone” result as far as 2 Km from TPU location shows that all TPU in Jambi City its service reach all community settlement. Keywords: Public Cemetery, Distribution Pattern, Capacity, and Reach of Service.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution in the emergence of coffee shops in Surakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
R R Maulana ◽  
U J Cahyono ◽  
M Muqoffa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Drinking Habit ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Coffee Shops

Abstract The phenomenon of the rise of coffee-drinking has become a trend economic-cultural as globalization in lifestyle for the community in Surakarta. This coffee-drinking habit increasingly supporting the emergence of coffee shops that keep flourishing and the number continuously expand. Specifically, each coffee shop presents their own theme and display the architectural style that show its earmark of the coffee shops. It indicates that the growth of coffee shop has contributed to enrich the architecture in the city. The aim of the paper to identify spatial distribution patterns of the emergence of coffee shop in Surakarta. The research is carried out through spatial analysis, which is mapping the distribution of the coffee shops. Later, use spatial observation to find the patterns of distribution from the emergence of the coffee shop. As a result, is expected to be an outset for further research of spatial development structure as seen from the growth of coffee shop in Surakarta.

scholarly journals Studying the distribution patterns, dynamics and influencing factors of city functional components by gradient analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Liu ◽  
Guofu Yang ◽  
Zhaoping Wu ◽  
Feng Mao ◽  
Zelong Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
City Size ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Distribution Of Components ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
The City

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of urban facilities (city functional components) constitutes the basis of urban layout optimization. Currently, research on the overall distribution of the various types of city functional components is lacking. In this study, by applying the gradient analysis method common in ecology, we considered 13 types of city functional components (80,214 individuals in total) in large, medium and small Chinese cities (9 cities in total) to carry out quantitative analysis of the distribution of components along urban–rural gradients through density distribution curves. The results indicated that: (1) a higher density of city functional components near the city centre revealed an obvious aggregated distribution; (2) the spatial distribution dynamics of city functional components were related to the city size, providing a reference for the rational distribution of components in cities of different sizes; (3) the distribution of city functional components was affected by their ecosystem services. This study offers a new perspective for the application of ecological methods in the examination of the distribution of city functional components.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of gaseous pollutants (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bahino ◽  
Veronique Yoboué ◽  
Corinne Galy-Lacaux ◽  
Marcellin Adon ◽  
Aristide Akpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Suburban Site

Abstract. This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 program (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the work package 2 « Air Pollution and Health ». This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3 in Abidjan, the economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire. Gases measurements are performed using INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) passive samplers exposed in duplicate for two weeks periods. We performed an intensive measurement campaign in Abidjan from December 15th, 2015 to February 16th, 2016 during the dry season. Twenty-one sites were selected in the district of Abidjan to be representative of various anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution in the city. We collected 672 samples of gas during this period. Results from the intensive campaign show that gas concentrations are strongly linked to pollution sources nearby and show a high spatial variability on the different sites of Abidjan. However, three gases present relative higher levels of concentrations at all the sites: NH3, NO2 and O3. NH3 average concentrations vary between 9.1 ± 1.7 ppb at a suburban site and 102.1 ± 9.1 ppb at a domestic fires site. NO2 mean concentration vary from 2.7 ± 0.1 ppb at a suburban site to 25.0 ± 1.7 ppb at an industrial site. We measured the two highest O3 concentration on the two coastal sites located in the southeast of the city with average concentration of 19.1 ± 1.7 ppb and 18.8 ± 3.0 ppb respectively for Gonzagueville and the Felix Houphouet-Boigny international airport. The SO2 average concentration never exceeds 7.2 ± 1.2 ppb at all the sites with 71.5 % of the sampling sites presenting concentrations ranged between 0.4 ppb and 1.9 ppb. The HNO3 average concentration is comprised between 0.2 ppb and 1.4 ppb. All these results were combined with meteorological parameters to provide the first mapping of gaseous pollutants at the scale of the district of Abidjan using the geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS software). Spatial distribution results emphasize the importance of the domestic fires source and the significant impact of the traffic emissions at the scale of the city. In addition, we propose in this work a first overview of gaseous SO2 and NO2 concentrations at the scale of several African cities from literature compared to our measurements. The daily SO2 standard of WHO is exceeded in most of the cities reported in the overview where concentrations range from 0.2 µg m−3 – 3662 µg m−3. Annual NO2 concentrations ranged from 2 µg m−3 – 175 µg m−3 are lower than the WHO threshold. As a conclusion, this study constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution and a first attempt toward a spatialization of the pollution levels at the scale of the metropolis of Abidjan. This work should draw the attention of the African public authorities to the necessity of air quality monitoring network in order to (1) to define national standards and to better control the pollutants emissions and (2) to investigate the impact on the health of the growing population of developing African countries

scholarly journals A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 5173-5198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bahino ◽  
Véronique Yoboué ◽  
Corinne Galy-Lacaux ◽  
Marcellin Adon ◽  
Aristide Akpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Suburban Site

Abstract. This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 project (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the Work Package 2 Air Pollution and Health. This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3 in Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire. Measurements of inorganic gaseous pollutants, i.e. NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3 were performed in Abidjan during an intensive campaign within the dry season (15 December 2015 to 16 February 2016), using INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) passive samplers exposed in duplicate for 2-week periods. Twenty-one sites were selected in the district of Abidjan to be representative of various anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution in the city. Results from this intensive campaign show that gas concentrations are strongly linked to surrounding pollution sources and show a high spatial variability. Also, NH3, NO2 and O3 gases were present at relatively higher concentrations at all the sites. NH3 average concentrations varied between 9.1 ± 1.7 ppb at a suburban site and 102.1 ± 9.1 ppb at a domestic fires site. NO2 mean concentration varied from 2.7 ± 0.1 ppb at a suburban site to 25.0 ± 1.7 ppb at an industrial site. Moreover, we measured the highest O3 concentration at the two coastal sites of Gonzagueville and Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport located in the southeast of the city, with average concentrations of 19.1 ± 1.7 and 18.8 ± 3.0 ppb, respectively. The SO2 average concentration never exceeded 7.2 ± 1.2 ppb over all the sites, with 71.5 % of the sampling sites showing concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 1.9 ppb. The HNO3 average concentration ranged between 0.2 and 1.4 ppb. All these results were combined with meteorological parameters to provide the first mapping of gaseous pollutants on the scale of the district of Abidjan using geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS software). Spatial distribution results emphasize the importance of the domestic fires source and the significant impact of the traffic emissions on the scale of the city. In addition, in this work we propose a first overview of gaseous SO2 and NO2 concentrations on the scale of several African cities by comparing literature to our values. The daily SO2 standard of World Health Organization (WHO) is exceeded in most of the cities reported in the overview, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3662 µg m−3. Annual NO2 concentrations ranged from 2 to 175 µg m−3, which are lower than the WHO threshold. As a conclusion, this study constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution and a first attempt towards presenting a spatial distribution of the pollution levels at the scale of the metropolis of Abidjan. This work should draw the attention of the African public authorities to the necessity of building an air quality monitoring network in order to (1) to define national standards and to better control the pollutants emissions and (2) to investigate the impact on the health of the growing population in developing African countries.

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