scholarly journals Structural diversity change and regeneration processes of the Norway spruce natural forest in Babia hora NNR in relation to altitude

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vorčák ◽  
J. Merganič ◽  
M. Saniga
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Regeneration Processes ◽  
Diameter Differentiation

The research was focused on exploring the dynamics and forms of regeneration processes and structural diversity of the Norway spruce virgin forest in Babia hora NNR in relation to altitude. In each developmental stage <br />19 sample plots were established. The structural diversity was assessed by the indices proposed by Clark and Evans (1954), F&uuml;ldner (1995) and Jaehne and Dohrenbusch (1997). Concerning the spatial distribution of the trees in the virgin forest no tendency to their clustering with the increasing altitude was found in the zones below 1,460&nbsp;m. The influence of the altitude was confirmed in the zone above 1,461&nbsp;m where the groups of &ldquo;family spruces&rdquo; are typical. Diameter differentiation was significantly higher in the growth stage. Evaluation of this attribute in terms of the altitude detected significant diameter differentiation at an altitude below 1,260&nbsp;m in the growth stage. According to the F&uuml;ldner index the virgin forest has generally medium differentiated diameter structure. According to the complex index by Jaehne and&nbsp;Dohrenbusch (1997) the differentiation of the virgin forest decreases with the ascending altitude up to 1,460&nbsp;m, where the compact forest ends. Evaluation of the seedbed revealed that 46.2% of the naturally regenerated individuals were growing on mineral soil, 52.4% on dead wood and 1.4% on wind-thrown roots. Regarding the developmental stages 46% of the individuals were found in growth stage, 23% in optimum stage and 31% in breakdown stage.

scholarly journals A change in structural diversity and regeneration processes of the spruce virgin forest in Nefcerka NNR (TANAP) in relation to altitude

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pittner ◽  
M. Saniga
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
Regeneration Processes

This report assesses the structural diversity of the spruce virgin forest in Nefcerka NNR in the Tatra National Park (TANAP). The structure of the virgin forest is evaluated by the indices proposed by Clark & Evans, Füldner and Jaehne & Dohrenbusch. Concerning the spatial distribution of trees (Clark & Evans index), a statistically significant difference was confirmed between the growth stage and the optimum and the breakdown stages. The influence of altitude on the tendency of concentration of virgin forest trees was also confirmed. In the case of complex diversity evaluation by the JAEHNE & DOHRENBUSCH index (1997), a statistically significantly different diversity of the spruce virgin forest between the growth stage and the other stages was found. The analysis of the regeneration processes revealed their good dynamics even at an altitude above 1,400 m, and with the ascending altitude (above 1,300 m) the dead wood and knolls of wind-thrown roots have the greater importance as seedbeds.

scholarly journals Dynamics of tree species composition and characteristics of available space utilization in the natural forest of the National Nature Reserve Hrončokovský Grúň

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saniga ◽  
M. Balanda
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Entire Height ◽  
Diameter Structure

The paper deals with changes in the diameter structure of particular tree species as well as with the selected production characteristics in the mixed virgin forest Hrončokovský Grúň. The object of the analysis was the diameter structure of particular tree species in developmental stages of virgin forest. The data were collected in the years 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002 on permanent research plots 71.5 × 70 m (0.5 ha) in size. Diameter frequencies for particular tree species were approximated with the curves. The goal was to evaluate their mortality or vitality according to the strength of the correlation in developmental stages of the virgin forest. A strong correlation was confirmed in the advanced phase of the growth stage, whereas the strongest correlation was recorded for the ash. Beech as a virgin forest bearer had a medium strong correlation. For the advanced phase of the optimum stage lower values of the correlation coefficients were determined for all tree species. The growth vitality and thus lower mortality was characteristic of maple and ash. Beech as a structure bearer is characterized by higher mortality and therefore a weaker correlation. In the breakdown stage the highest mortality was found for the fir, which is confirmed by the lowest value of the correlation coefficient. In the advanced phase of the optimum stage the highest mortality was recorded for the beech. The analysis of growth and production relationships was conducted on the transects of 3 permanent research plots 10 × 71.5 m in size (i.e. total size of 2,145 m<sup>2</sup>). The analysis of the growth relationships between the crown and stem volume confirmed a strong correlation for beech and fir despite the fact they are present in the entire height profile of the virgin forest. The reason is that both of them are the shade-tolerant tree species. High correlation coefficients for maple and ash (<I>R</I> = 0.82 and <I>R</I> = 0.84) are the evidence of a distinctive influence of the assimilatory apparatus on the stem volume. The reason is the fact that both tree species are situated in the upper tree layer and have relatively enough space for the crown growth. The productive utilization of the crown space in the virgin forest confirmed the dominance of the beech as a structure bearer.

scholarly journals Structural diversity and regeneration patterns of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) dominated virgin forest in NNR Zadná Poľana

Beskydy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saniga ◽  
Miroslav Balanda ◽  
J. Pittner ◽  
S. Kucbel ◽  
P. Jaloviar
Keyword(s):  
Gini Index ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Tree Generation ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Structural Indices

The paper analyzes the structural diversity of the spruce dominated old-growth forest in National Nature Reserve (NNR) Zadná Poľana on the series of three permanent research plots (PRP) with the area of 0.5 ha each. The height and diameter diversity as well as the spatial distribution were expressed using standard structural indices (Füldner’s TH and TD index, Gini index, Clark-Evans index). Obtained results confirmed the low structural diversity regardless of the developmental stage of investigated forest. The extensive ungulate browsing retards the height growth of the subsequent tree generation and leads toward to the structural homogenization of the future forest stand.

scholarly journals Effects of heavy thinnings on the increment and selection of trees for tending in Norway spruce monoculture in natural hazard conditions

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Sinisa Andrasev ◽  
Andrijana Bauer-Zivkovic ◽  
Nikola Susic
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Area And Volume

The paper studies the effects of two heavy selection thinnings on the increment of Norway spruce trees exposed to ice and snow breaks in eastern Serbia. In a thinning that was carried out at 32 years of age, 556 candidates per hectare were selected for tending, and at the age of 40, of the initial candidates, 311 trees per hectare (55.9%) were selected as future trees. In all trees at 41-50 age period, diameter increment was higher by 31%, basal area increment by 64% and volume increment by 67% compared to 32-40 age period. The collective of indifferent trees is significantly falling behind compared to future trees in terms of increment values in both observed periods. However, the value of diameter, basal area and volume increments, of the collective of "comparable" indifferent trees are lower in comparison to the values of increments of future trees by 10-15% in the 32-40 age period, and by 15-21% in the 41-50 age period and there are no significant differences. The results show that heavy selective thinnings, initially directed at a larger number of candidates for tending at stand age that does not differ much from the period of carrying out first "commercial" thinnings, improve the growth potential of future and indifferent trees, where it is rational to do the tree replacement for the final crop in "susceptible" growth stage to snow and ice breaks.

scholarly journals Structural diversity of dead wood in small-scaled protected forest parcels in Latvia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liga Liepa ◽  
◽  
Inga Straupe ◽  
Olga Miezite ◽  
Aris Jansons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Diversity

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Latent Infection of Prune Fruit by Monilinia fructicola

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Commercial Harvest

Experiments were conducted in three prune orchards in California. In each orchard, inoculations with Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, were performed on branches of trees at bloom and fruit developmental stages. Five inoculum concentrations were used in each inoculation. Six and four wetness durations were created for each inoculum concentration at bloom and fruit developmental stages, respectively. Fruit were harvested 3 weeks before commercial harvest. The overnight freezing incubation technique was used to promote sporulation and to determine incidence of latent infection (ILI) of fruit brown rot. No differences in ILI among locations were found. A seasonal pattern of bloom and fruit susceptibility to latent infection was determined. Susceptibility to latent infection at bloom stage was at a moderate level and increased to reach the highest level at pit hardening stage. Subsequently, fruit susceptibility to latent infection decreased, reaching the lowest level in early June at embryo growth stage. Thereafter, the susceptibility increased again with fruit development and maturity until harvest. Linear relationships between ILI and inoculum concentration were obtained for most combinations of growth stage and wetness duration. Incidence of latent infection increased linearly with increased wetness duration at bloom stage and increased exponentially with increased wetness duration at early and late fruit developmental stages. The optimum temperatures for latent infection at pit hardening stage ranged from 14 to 18°C, but the effect of temperature on latent infection was reduced at resistant stages. The temperature range favorable to latent infection varied for different wetness durations.

scholarly journals On the way to continuous cover forest at middle elevations – the question of forest structure and specific site characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bílek ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
O. Švec ◽  
D. Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Diameter Differentiation

The transformation process of even-aged forest stands to irregular forest stands on waterlogged sites after 20 years effort was analysed. Data from two 1-ha PRP was analysed with special focus on structural (Shannon Evenness Index, Simpson Index and Gini Index) and species (Shannon Evenness Index and Simpson Index) diversity. Different development on study plots confirmed that the highest structural diversity is not often compatible with the concept of species diversity. On PRP 1 high diameter differentiation has led to lower values of species diversity, while on PRP 2 rather moderate diameter differentiation supported higher species diversity in lower DBH classes. The Gini Index was confirmed to be the best indicator for monitoring the diameter differentiation in the course of stand transformation.

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