scholarly journals A change in structural diversity and regeneration processes of the spruce virgin forest in Nefcerka NNR (TANAP) in relation to altitude

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pittner ◽  
M. Saniga
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
Regeneration Processes

This report assesses the structural diversity of the spruce virgin forest in Nefcerka NNR in the Tatra National Park (TANAP). The structure of the virgin forest is evaluated by the indices proposed by Clark & Evans, Füldner and Jaehne & Dohrenbusch. Concerning the spatial distribution of trees (Clark & Evans index), a statistically significant difference was confirmed between the growth stage and the optimum and the breakdown stages. The influence of altitude on the tendency of concentration of virgin forest trees was also confirmed. In the case of complex diversity evaluation by the JAEHNE & DOHRENBUSCH index (1997), a statistically significantly different diversity of the spruce virgin forest between the growth stage and the other stages was found. The analysis of the regeneration processes revealed their good dynamics even at an altitude above 1,400 m, and with the ascending altitude (above 1,300 m) the dead wood and knolls of wind-thrown roots have the greater importance as seedbeds.

scholarly journals Structural diversity change and regeneration processes of the Norway spruce natural forest in Babia hora NNR in relation to altitude

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vorčák ◽  
J. Merganič ◽  
M. Saniga
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Regeneration Processes ◽  
Diameter Differentiation

The research was focused on exploring the dynamics and forms of regeneration processes and structural diversity of the Norway spruce virgin forest in Babia hora NNR in relation to altitude. In each developmental stage <br />19 sample plots were established. The structural diversity was assessed by the indices proposed by Clark and Evans (1954), F&uuml;ldner (1995) and Jaehne and Dohrenbusch (1997). Concerning the spatial distribution of the trees in the virgin forest no tendency to their clustering with the increasing altitude was found in the zones below 1,460&nbsp;m. The influence of the altitude was confirmed in the zone above 1,461&nbsp;m where the groups of &ldquo;family spruces&rdquo; are typical. Diameter differentiation was significantly higher in the growth stage. Evaluation of this attribute in terms of the altitude detected significant diameter differentiation at an altitude below 1,260&nbsp;m in the growth stage. According to the F&uuml;ldner index the virgin forest has generally medium differentiated diameter structure. According to the complex index by Jaehne and&nbsp;Dohrenbusch (1997) the differentiation of the virgin forest decreases with the ascending altitude up to 1,460&nbsp;m, where the compact forest ends. Evaluation of the seedbed revealed that 46.2% of the naturally regenerated individuals were growing on mineral soil, 52.4% on dead wood and 1.4% on wind-thrown roots. Regarding the developmental stages 46% of the individuals were found in growth stage, 23% in optimum stage and 31% in breakdown stage.

scholarly journals Structural diversity and regeneration patterns of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) dominated virgin forest in NNR Zadná Poľana

Beskydy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saniga ◽  
Miroslav Balanda ◽  
J. Pittner ◽  
S. Kucbel ◽  
P. Jaloviar
Keyword(s):  
Gini Index ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Tree Generation ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Structural Indices

The paper analyzes the structural diversity of the spruce dominated old-growth forest in National Nature Reserve (NNR) Zadná Poľana on the series of three permanent research plots (PRP) with the area of 0.5 ha each. The height and diameter diversity as well as the spatial distribution were expressed using standard structural indices (Füldner’s TH and TD index, Gini index, Clark-Evans index). Obtained results confirmed the low structural diversity regardless of the developmental stage of investigated forest. The extensive ungulate browsing retards the height growth of the subsequent tree generation and leads toward to the structural homogenization of the future forest stand.

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

Effects of collection zones and storage on hatchability and survival of feral helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galleata pallas) eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
A.A. Yusuf ◽  
O.A. Jayeola ◽  
I.O.O. Osunsina ◽  
G.A. Dedeke
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Kainji Lake

The desire to shore up the shortfall in protein supply, the increased awareness of the importance of cholesterol free animal protein, like guineafowl, and the need to conserve their wild genes, have necessitated studies on improved captive breeding of feral helmeted guineafowl. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the effects of ecological zones and storage systems on the guineafowl eggs. Guineafowl eggs (n=214), were collected from identified and monitored-nests within the Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP) and Old Oyo National Park (OONP). Out of 91 eggs collected from KLNP, 32 and 38 were stored at room temperature (RT-21-25°C) and refrigerator (RF-17-20°C), respectively for five days prior to incubation while 21 eggs were not stored (NS-27-29°C), and out of 123 collected from OONP, 70 and 19 were stored for five days prior to incubation at (RT-21-25°C) and (RF-17-20°C), respectively while 34 eggs were (NS- 27-29°C). Prior to incubation, eggs were weighed, the height and width were measured. The process was repeated after incubation for unhatched eggs. Candling was done three days before hatching at day 29 of egg incubation. Embryo status of unhatched eggs was determined by cracking the eggs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The NS eggs from Kainji (7.60%) and Oyo (2.01%) had the lowest percentage shrinkage in weight across the three storage systems. The order was reversed in height with RF eggs from Kainji (0.96%) and Oyo (0.46%) having lowest. The least shrinkage in width of eggs from Oyo was recorded in the RF eggs (0.00%) and in NS (0.59%) from Kainji. Eggs candling showed that presumed fertile (opaque) was highest (69.10%) in NS eggs followed by RT (45.00%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the hatchability of eggs from the two parks though hatchability (7.60%) of Kainji eggs was higher than those of Oyo (7.40%). Further check on fertilization after incubation showed that RT (37.50%) eggs from Kainji were fertilized but were unable to hatch alive so also was RF eggs (21.10%). The study showed that the eggs sizes vary with ecozones while size of the eggs and storage systems affects hatchability and survival of feral helmeted guineafowl eggs in captivity. Keywords: Guineafowl; ecozones; storage systems; incubation; candling; hatchability

scholarly journals Radiographic and computed tomographic assessment of the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints in Labrador Retrievers with and without medial coronoid disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. W. Hazewinkel ◽  
G. Voorhout ◽  
S. F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Ossification Centres ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Joint Congruence ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

SummaryObjectives: To compare the development, monitored by radiography and computed tomography, of the antebrachia and elbow joints in seven Labrador Retrievers with healthy elbow joints and in seven Labrador Retrievers that developed medial coronoid disease (MCD), in order to determine whether disturbances in the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints, between the age of six and 17 weeks may lead to medial coronoid disease.Methods: A prospective study of 14 Labrador Retrievers in their active growth stage was performed. The development of the antebrachia and elbow joints was assessed between six and 17 weeks of age using radio graphy and computed tomography determining the development of secondary ossification centres, radioulnar length ratio, radial angulation, and inter-relationship between the humerus, ulna and radius.Results: For the parameters of ossification of secondary ossification centres, radioulnar length ratio, radial angulation, and joint congruence evaluation, there was no significant difference in the development of the ante-brachia and elbow joints of seven Labrador Retrievers positive and seven Labrador Retrievers negative for MCD at the age of six to 17 weeks.Clinical significance: These findings demonstrate that the development of MCD in the Labrador Retrievers in our study was not related to any disturbance in the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints during the rapid growth phase.

scholarly journals 3D Photogrammetry Modeling Highlights Efficient Reserve Effect Apparition After 5 Years and Stillness After 40 for Red Coral (Corallium rubrum) Conservation in French MPAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Richaume ◽  
Adrien Cheminée ◽  
Pierre Drap ◽  
Patrick Bonhomme ◽  
Frederic Cadene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Corallium Rubrum ◽  
Red Coral ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Imaging the marine environment is more and more useful to understand relationships between species, as well as natural processes. Developing photogrammetry allowed the use of 3D measuring to study populations dynamics of sessile organisms at various scales: from colony to population. This study focuses on red coral (Corallium rubrum), as known as precious coral. Metrics measured at a colony scale (e.g., maximum height, diameter and number of branches) allowed population understanding and a comparison between an old (Cerbère-Banyuls reserve) vs. a new (Calanques National Park) MPA. Our results suggested a 5-year time step allows the appearance of a significant difference between populations inside vs. outside the Calanques National Park no-take zones. Red coral colonies were taller and had more branches inside no-take zones. A significant difference was still observable for the populations inside the Cerbère-Banyuls reserve after 40 years of protection, reflecting the sustainability and effectiveness of precautionary measures set by the reserve. The impacts at the local level (mechanical destruction) and those presumed to occur via global change (climatic variations) underline the need to develop strategies both to follow the evolutions of red coral populations but also to understand their resilience. Photogrammetry induced modeling is a time and cost effective as well as non-invasive method which could be used to understand population dynamics at a seascape scale on coralligenous reefs.

scholarly journals An Examination of Teachers’ Attitudes Towards the National Park in Their Environment: The Isparta, Denizli Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Aytaç Karakaş ◽  
Hasan Genç
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Education Process

Environmental education in national parks is equivalent to an open and permanent education process in which individuals and communities become aware of their natural environment and gain a critical and sensitive attitude towards it and the use of its resources. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of teachers towards national parks who work in schools near different national parks in terms of different variables. As a work of descriptive research, it was conducted with a total of 167 teachers who worked in schools around Kovada Lake National Park, Kızıldağ National Park, and Honaz Mountain National Park. In the study, an attitude scale with a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.83 and consisting of 32 items was used for the national parks. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program) was used to evaluate the data obtained. A T-test and a one-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. According to the results obtained, teachers’ attitudes towards the national park did not show a significant difference in terms of their gender, their tenure, the branches they serve, their purpose of visiting the national park, their opinions on the importance attached to the national park, the different schools near the national park, the national park near the schools they worked in, their purpose in visiting the national park previously while they differed significantly according to whether the teachers had visited the national park before.

scholarly journals Structural diversity of dead wood in small-scaled protected forest parcels in Latvia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liga Liepa ◽  
◽  
Inga Straupe ◽  
Olga Miezite ◽  
Aris Jansons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Diversity

scholarly journals The effect of invasive species Lantana Camara L. on soil nutrients at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
M N Wekhanya ◽  
P. K. Mbugua ◽  
J. K. Mworia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

The aim of this study was to establish whether the invasive plant Lantana camara L. alters the soil chemical properties at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park. The key objective was to evaluate the soil nutrient composition in areas invaded by L. camara and how these differ from areas without L. camara. Five study sites were selected by purposeful sampling, out of the existing 10 blocks. Soil samples were collected randomly from L. camara invaded areas and similarly from adjacent areas free from L. camara. The soil samples were subjected to determination of the following nutrients and parameters: pH, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and sodium (Na). The data obtained was analysed using Two-way ANOVA test to determine difference in nutrients composition in L. camara invaded and non-invaded areas. Three-way ANOVA test was used to gauge the interactions between wet and dry season, invaded and non-invaded areas and study sites. A post-ANOVA test, Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference was done to separate the means. The results from the study indicated L. camara invaded areas had a significant difference in pH, P, N, Mn, Fe and total organic C compared to the patches that had native plants and not invaded by L. camara. High pH also makes P to be more available to plants that is why P was high in the L. camara invaded areas. This study revealed that L. camara remarkably changes the concentration and balance of soil nutrients resulting to a change in chemistry of soil nutrients. This is in a bid to suit its survival to the detriment of the native plant species. This study is hence vital for designing an effective eradication and preventive strategy of L. camara in Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park and other protected ecological habitats in Kenya.

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