scholarly journals Physiological nature of overwintering oats forms

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
J. Petr ◽  
I. Capouchová ◽  
M. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Photoperiodic Induction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Generative Stage ◽  
Autumn Sowing ◽  
Photoperiodic Reaction

We evaluated the need for low temperatures (vernalization) and the photoperiodic reaction of three collections of winter oats (1. Pedarn, Maris Quest, Peniarth; 2. Gerald, Solva, Kymon, Pendragon; 3. Pewi, Silwi, Wiskas) in a comparison with spring oats varieties. All three collections of varieties showed little need for low temperatures, mostly as few as 10–20 days, which does not represent an obligatory need; this influence is only quantitative and constitutes no precondition for a passage of plants into the generative stage. Only in the case of the Maris Quest variety, the need for vernalization approached 30 days. As compared with the reaction of winter barley varieties that had and in some cases still have worse overwintering in the Czech Republic, the length of vernalization is equal. In the photoperiodic experiment, the reaction to a short autumn day turned out to be the critical condition for a possibility of autumn sowing and overwintering; in the case of these varieties, a short day inhibits the development until arrival of winter. We evaluated this reaction according to the length of the induction period. This period was only 10–15 days in the case of the spring oats Český žlutý, 30 days in the case of winter oats Maris Quest, 25 days for Pedarn, 20 days for Peniarth and 21 days for Pendra-gon; the induction period was 14–21 days in the case of varieties Gerald, Kymon and Solva. When compared with figures for winter barley, it had the longer photoperiodic induction period. The evaluated varieties of winter oats do not reach such a degree of a reaction to a short day, which manifests itself in their lower frosthardiness than that of winter barley. We verified that in provoking tests for frosthardiness, and also by lower critical values of temperatures for dying out of 50% of plants, the so-called LT 50.

scholarly journals Changes in requirements on vernalization of winter wheat varieties in the Czech Republic in 1950–2000

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petr ◽  
F. Hnilička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Photoperiodic Reaction ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The need for vernalization of winter wheat varieties cultivated in the CzechRepublic in 2000 was studied in comparison with the need for vernalization in the past decades since 1950. In 2000, many foreign varieties were cultivated in the Czech Republic, mostly West European. Varieties with a vernalization of 40–50 days and 50–60 days show the highest representation in the assortment (47.3% and 31.6%, resp.). The share of varieties with a long vernalization over 60 days is 15.8%. In around 1990, when varieties of domestic breeding were mostly grown, there were, next to the largest group with a vernalization of 40–50 days, 21.7% of varieties with a vernalization of 30–40 days and the same amount with a vernalization of 50–60 days. During the last ten years, the share of varieties with a longer vernalization has risen, not only due to foreign varieties, but also due to new domestic varieties. It is apparent from a 50-year overview that what has predominated are varieties with a vernalization of 40–50 or 40–60 days, which is a range usual for winter varieties of wheat in Middle and West Europe. After 1950, a departure from original domestic varieties appeared; those were represented by original alternative varieties (in Czech přesívky, in German Wechselweizen, in Russian dvuručki) and half-winter varieties with a shorter vernalization, strictly speaking with a vernalization fixed to a short day, and a strong photoperiodic reaction. Representation of varieties as related to their length of vernalization has changed in the course of the decades following utilization of foreign varieties; this was affected above all by varieties from Russia (the former USSR), Germany, but also Yugoslavia. Varieties from these countries were utilized also as parent components in domestic breeding.

scholarly journals Severity of powdery mildew on winter barley in the Czech Republic in 1976–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
High Disease Severity ◽  
Important Disease

Results of scoring the reaction to powdery mildew of 240 winter barley varieties that were gradually included in 392 Czech Official Trials conducted at 21 locations were analysed. The reaction of the varieties was determined on the basis of the level of infection by the disease. Therefore, the data can also be used to assess the disease severity in years and at locations. Several characteristics indicative of disease severity were considered, including the disease severity coefficient (= average infection of susceptible varieties in trials with a high disease severity/the proportion of such trials). The value of the coefficient is inversely proportional to disease severity. The highest powdery mildew severity was found in 1976, and the years 1988, 1990 and 2003 were characterised by high infection of the examined varieties. In contrast, the disease was practically absent in 1979 and 1982, and its severity was also low in 1978, 1981, 1985, 1991 and 1998. Very low disease severity was found for the period 1977–1982 when insufficient disease severity was found on average in 78% of the trials and high disease severity in only 6% of the trials. The highest disease severity was found at locations Trutnov, Horažďovice and Chrastava. The analysis of data from a large number of field trials conducted at various locations for a period of 30 years confirmed that powdery mildew is an important disease of winter barley in the Czech Republic. Known genetic sources of resistance and current methods, such as marker assisted selection, enable breeders to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Random Samples

The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85–100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1–40.1%) were found to only three resistance genes that have not been described yet; their preliminary designations are Ml(Va), Ml(Dt) and Ml(Ca). The importance of resistance of winter barley cultivars is discussed with respect to limiting the speed with which the pathogen adapts to genetic resistances possessed by commercial cultivars of both winter and spring barley, and to the necessity of lowering the costs for powdery mildew control in barley.

scholarly journals Quality of winter barley grain from the testing localities in the Czech Republic, harvest 2011.

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Lenka SACHAMBULA ◽  
Vratislav PSOTA ◽  
Olga DVOŘÁČKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals The Survival of Pear Dormant Buds at Ultra-Low Temperatures

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2502
Author(s):  
Alois Bilavcik ◽  
Milos Faltus ◽  
Jiri Zamecnik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Safe Storage

Currently, there is a varietal diversity decline in pear orchards of the Czech Republic. Thus, the safe storage of their gene pool collections is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the ultra-low temperature survival after two-step cryopreservation treatment of dormant buds was tested for a safe and rapid way to conserve pear germplasm in a broader range of varieties. The following varieties crucial for cultivation in the Czech Republic were tested; ‘Amfora’, ‘Beurré Hardy’, ‘Bosc’, ‘Clapp’s Favourite’, ‘Conference’, ‘Dicolor’, ‘Erika’, ‘Lucas’, ‘Williams’ and ‘Williams Red’. In 2011 and 2012, dormant pear buds were dehydrated to 40.1% and 36.0% water content, respectively, before cryopreservation. The average regeneration of the dormant pear buds after cryopreservation by the two-step cryoprotocol in 2011 and 2012 was 54.3% and 16.1%, respectively. The mentioned cryopreservation procedure is suitable for the safe storage of dormant buds in most tested pear varieties.

scholarly journals Expression of resistance to Ramularia leaf spot in winter barley cultivars grown in conditions of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mařík ◽  
Z. Šnejdar ◽  
P. Matušinsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot

The fungus Ramularia collo-cygni is increasingly important as the causal agent of Ramularia leaf spot (RLS), a novel leaf spot disease of barley. The work aimed to identify gene resources suitable for developing new breeding lines of winter barley with improved resistance. During the first experimental period (2001–2005), RLS incidence was monitored in 711 cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Differences were detected in the intensity of symptomatic expression, but no material showed high resistance. During the second experimental period (2006–2009), response to natural RLS infection was evaluated in 19 winter barley cultivars (12 six-row and 7 two-row) registered in the Czech Republic. Highest susceptibility was detected in 6-row cvs. Luran, Laverda and Wendy while cvs Breunskylie (2-row), Merlot and Highlight (both 6-row) showed relatively lower disease incidence. High resistance was not detected. On average, 2-row cultivars showed lower intensity than 6-row cultivars and significant variation was observed among years.

scholarly journals Quality of winter barley grain from the testing localities in the Czech Republic, harvest 2010.

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Lenka SACHAMBULA ◽  
Vratislav PSOTA ◽  
Olga DVOŘÁČKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Analysis of populations of Pyrenophora  teres on barley in the Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Minařiková ◽  
I. Polišenská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Leaf Segments

One of t he diseases that have become i mportant in the Czech Republ ic recently is net blotch of ba rley caused by Pyrenophora teres (Died.) Drechs., with the imperfect stale Drechslera teres. In 1 995-1997 infected leaves of both spring and winter barley were collected in various stands and climatic regions. Al most 400 isolates of the pathogen were obtained and tested for virulence using a differential set (Cl 5791. CI 2750, CI 9819, C 8755, Stcudclli, Harbin, C 29192, CI 739, Tifang. and the suscepti ble control Beate). To assess their reaction, the laboratory method for testing leaf segments on benzimidazole was used. The most stable resistant responses, compared also with previous tests from 1991-1994, were found in Cl 739 and Tifang where the frequency of viru lent isolates did not exceed I 0% of all tested ones. These genotypes should be involved in practical breeding of barley for resistance to the pathogen.

scholarly journals  Presence of the newly designated powdery mildew resistance Landi in some winter barley cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Unknown Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Populations

In the last two decades, resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen has been investigated in a large number of barleys in the Czech Republic. Several tens of winter barley cultivars were identified with a resistance based on an unknown gene or unknown combinations of resistance genes. In this paper tests on 20 of these cultivars are presented. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei were used. All the 20 cultivars shared a particular, previously unknown resistance. Landi was the first cultivar registered with this resistance and it is recommended that this resistance be designated Ln. Isolates virulent to Ln were already found randomly in old European, and also in non-European pathogen populations, where cultivars possessing the resistance Ln were never grown. On the other hand, the resistance Ln has been highly effective even 13 years after Landi registration.

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