scholarly journals Effect of intensive fattening of bulls based on a high-grain diet on growth intensity and biochemical and acid-base parameters of blood

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Štercová ◽  
V. Pažout ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
P. Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

The present study deals with the use of high-grain diets with a low proportion of fodder for fattened cattle, and with the evaluation of their effect on the growth intensity and metabolic profile of the animals. Thirty Holstein &times; Czech Pied bulls were given diets containing from 86.69 to 88.54% concentrates based on crushed cereals in the period from 216<sup>th</sup> to 327<sup>th</sup> day of age. The growth intensity of bulls was high, with the average daily weight gain of 1.64 kg in the course of the whole experiment. When the average body weight of animals reached 343.67 kg and 450.93 kg, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of 10 randomly selected animals for the assessment of acid-base balance and selected biochemical parameters. Slightly decreased pH values and increased pCO<sub>2</sub> were detected by the assessment of acid-base balance. The calculated values of base excess and standard bicarbonate were in the reference range; however in samples of the second collection a highly significant decrease was found (P &le; 0.01). By a biochemical analysis of blood increased levels of plasma phosphorus were detected in samples of both collections in comparison with the accepted reference range. A statistically highly significant increase (P &le; 0.01) in plasma urea concentrations was detected in samples of the second collection. Other investigated parameters ranged within the accepted reference values. The results of the experiments show that high-grain diets produced intensive growth with high daily weight gains, without adverse effects on the health status of the investigated bulls. Although some depletion of compensatory mechanisms maintaining the acid-base balance was recorded, no serious disturbance of metabolic profile was registered in the animals. &nbsp;

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF ACID-BASE PARAMETERS WITH LACTATE LEVEL IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Donaliazarti Donaliazarti ◽  
Rismawati Yaswir ◽  
Hanifah Maani ◽  
Efrida Efrida
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

Metabolic acidosis is prevalent among critically ill patients and the common cause of metabolic acidosis in ICU is lactic acidosis. However, not all ICUs can provide lactate measurement. The traditional method that uses Henderson-Hasselbach equation (completed with BE and AG) and alternative method consisting of Stewart and its modification (BDEgap and SIG), are acid-base balance parameters commonly used by clinicians to determine metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to discover the association between acid-base parameters (BE, AGobserved, AGcalculated, SIG, BDEgap) with lactate level in critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Eighty-four critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU department Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital were recruited in this study from January to September 2016. Blood gas analysis and lactate measurement were performed by potentiometric and amperometric method while electrolytes and albumin measurement were done by ISE and colorimetric method (BCG). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between acid-base parameters with lactate level based on p-value less than 0.05. Fourty five (54%) were females and thirty-nine (46%) were males with participant’s ages ranged from 18 to 81 years old. Postoperative was the most reason for ICU admission (88%). Linear regression analysis showed that p-value for BE, AGobserved, AGcalculated, SIG and BDEgap were 119; 0.967; 0.001; 0.001; 0.689, respectively. Acid-base balance parameters which were mostly associated with lactate level in critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis were AGcalculated and SIG. 

Calculation of physiological acid-base parameters in multicompartment systems with application to human blood

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2333-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wrenn Wooten
Keyword(s):  
Base Change ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Present Formalism ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Multicompartment Systems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A general formalism for calculating parameters describing physiological acid-base balance in single compartments is extended to multicompartment systems and demonstrated for the multicompartment example of human whole blood. Expressions for total titratable base, strong ion difference, change in total titratable base, change in strong ion difference, and change in Van Slyke standard bicarbonate are derived, giving calculated values in agreement with experimental data. The equations for multicompartment systems are found to have the same mathematical interrelationships as those for single compartments, and the relationship of the present formalism to the traditional form of the Van Slyke equation is also demonstrated. The multicompartment model brings the strong ion difference theory to the same quantitative level as the base excess method.

Effects of dietary hydroxides on intake, digestion, rumen fermentation and acid-base balance in sheep fed a high-barley diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boukila ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
J. F. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Acid Base Status

Eight mature wethers fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square feeding trial to study the effect of dietary alkalis on digestive physiology of sheep fed a high-barley diet. The treatments were: C = control diet composed of 17% alfalfa meal and 83% concentrate, on as-fed basis; CA = control plus 1% Ca(OH)2; MG = control plus 0.79% Mg(OH)2; CAMG = control plus 0.5% Ca(OH)2 and 0.39% Mg(OH)2. Dry matter intake averaged 1.91, 2.54, 2.79, and 2.72% of BW for diets C, CA, MG and CAMG, respectively (P < 0.01). Digestible DM intake was also affected by the treatments and averaged 0.97, 1.26, 1.35 and 1.37 kg d−1 for C, CA, MG, and CAMG diets, respectively (P < 0.01). Apparent DM digestibility was higher in sheep fed the C diet than in those fed the other diets (P < 0.03) and it was inversely related to intake (P < 0.01). Total VFA concentration was lower in sheep fed C than in those fed the hydroxides (P < 0.01). Proportions of individual VFA were not altered by the diet except for isobutyrate which was higher in sheep fed the C diet (P < 0.01). Rumen NH3-N concentration was lower in sheep fed the hydroxide-containing diets than in animals fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen was lower for the C diet (P < 0.01). Plasma glucose tended to be lower for the C diet than for the other diets (P < 0.06). The control diet induced a mild form of systemic acidosis as indicated by the decrease in blood pH, HCO3− and base excess (P < 0.01). Addition of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 to the diet, alone or in combination, improved the systemic acid-base status of sheep and was associated with increased DM intake. Key words: Hydroxides, acid-base balance, rumen fermentation, sheep

Influence of progesterone on arterial blood and CSF acid-base balance in women

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Machida
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Chemosensitive Areas

To study the mechanism of the action of progesterone on pulmonary ventilation during pregnancy, arterial and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base parameters were measured in 59 pregnant and 36 nonpregnant women at the periods of follicular phase, luteal phase, early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and puerperium. Marked respiratory alkalosis in both arterial blood and CSF was observed in pregnancy and puerperium. The degree of hypocapnia observed in the luteal phase and during pregnancy was closely related to the progesterone level in arterial blood. In conclusion, it is unlikely that the observed hyperventilation results from stimulation at the central chemosensitive areas or peripheral chemoreceptors.

An Approach to the Problems of Acid-Base Balance

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Kappagoda ◽  
R. J. Linden ◽  
H. M. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Direct Extrapolation

1. The existing methods for assessing states of acidosis are discussed with particular reference to non-respiratory acidosis. Most of these methods are based either on the Henderson—Hasselbalch equation or on the direct extrapolation of in vitro studies on blood to the whole animal. The evidence available shows that these methods cannot be used to obtain an accurate assessment of disturbances of acid-base balance in the whole animal. 2. The experiments were designed to investigate the acid-base parameters of an animal when a respiratory acidosis was superimposed on a non-respiratory acidosis caused by the infusion of n HCl; from these experiments it was possible to construct CO2 titration curves at various levels of non-respiratory acidosis. 3. A scheme which is based upon the CO2 titration curves, has been proposed for assessing an acute acid-base disturbance in terms of its respiratory and non-respiratory components. 4. The use of sodium bicarbonate to correct a non-respiratory acidosis was investigated, and it was shown that the amount of sodium bicarbonate required varied with the rate of infusion. No firm predictions could be made regarding the dose of bicarbonate required, but from the results of the present experiments an infusion rate of 0·1 mEq kg−1 min−1 is recommended in dogs.

Cl−, K+, and acid–base balance in rainbow trout during exposure to, and recovery from, sublethal environmental acidification

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Booth ◽  
G. F. Jansz ◽  
G. F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

A review of pertinent literature is provided. Previous research showed that fish exposed to sublethal environmental acidification have reduced blood pH, plasma [HCO3−], and [Cl−] and increased plasma [K+]. Simultaneous sampling from blood and water was used to characterize changes in Cl−, K+, and acid–base regulation in rainbow trout during a 5-day exposure to pH 4 followed by a 24-h recovery period at pH 7. At pH 4, there was a continuous loss of Cl− (49.8 μmol/kg per hour), and K+ (23.0 μmol/kg per hour) to the water. Blood ion concentrations did not change in a corresponding manner. Blood pH and plasma [HCO3−] decreased continuously owing to a net uptake of acid from the water. Recovery at pH 7 involved uptake of Cl− from, and loss of K+ to, the water. Plasma [K+] returned to normal but there was no significant change in plasma [Cl−] during this 24-h period. Internal acid–base parameters recovered much more quickly owing to a net excretion of acid into the water. The more rapid recovery of acid–base balance suggests that branchial acid–base and ionoregulatory mechanisms may be only loosely linked. The irregular changes in blood ion concentrations indicate that considerable ionic and osmotic exchanges between the plasma, the remainder of the extracellular space, and the intracellular space must result from exposure to pH 4.

Interaction between hypometabolism and acid–base balance

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3018-3023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Hypometabolic State ◽  
Buffer Capacities

This review discusses the changes in acid–base balance that are produced during hypometabolism and the negative feedback role they play in maintaining the hypometabolic state. In prolonged hypometabolism, air-breathing animals consume internal stores of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, while glycogen is the primary fuel supporting anaerobic hypometabolism. Because the excretory processes are greatly reduced, the accumulation of waste products must be dealt with internally. Mitigating strategies to minimise acid–base disturbance are seen in higher buffer capacities, an acid shift in the pH optima of key enzymes, and the use of metabolic pathways that result in a reduction of net H+ production. In some hibernating animals, gut bacteria may play an important role in preventing [Formula: see text] accumulation. However, the compensatory mechanisms are only partially successful, and substantial alterations in acid–base status and related strong ion changes are common. Changes in intracellular pH have wide metabolic effects but the acid–base and ionic status of the cell is dependent on its energy expenditure. The most vulnerable tissue to reduced metabolism is the brain. The turtle brain can greatly lessen its energy requirements by reducing activity; this is achieved by (i) depression of synaptic transmission, (ii) membrane hyperpolarisation through opening of Cl− channels resulting from release of γ-aminobutyric acid, and (iii) slowing transmembrane ion flux by the selective closure of ion channels. CO2 retention is common in hypometabolic animals. Increased levels of CO2 and H+ and decreased [Formula: see text] can directly cause metabolic depression via a variety of mechanisms, as well as a reduction in neural tissue activity. It is concluded that the hypometabolic state represents a very general condition of temporarily reduced energy expenditure which embraces aestivation, hibernation, torpor, and sleep, and that the common phenomena of CO2 accumulation and consequent changes in acid–base balance play a role in the coordinated reductions in energy expenditure and energy cost.

Disorders of acid–base balance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Chakera ◽  
William G. Herrington ◽  
Christopher A. O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Scale

Normal metabolism results in a net acid production of approximately 1 mmol/kg day−1. Physiological pH is regulated by excretion of this acid load (as carbon dioxide) by the kidneys and the lungs. A series of buffers in the body reduces the effects of metabolic acids on body and urine pH. For acid–base disorders to occur, there must be excessive intake (or loss) of acid (or base) or, alternatively, an inability to excrete acid. For these changes to result in a substantially abnormal pH, the various buffer systems must been overwhelmed. The pH scale is logarithmic, so relatively small changes in pH signify large differences in hydrogen ion concentration. Most minor perturbations in acid–base balance are asymptomatic, as small changes in acid or base levels are rapidly controlled through consumption of buffers or through changes in respiratory rate. Alterations in renal acid excretion take some time to occur. Only when these compensatory mechanisms are overwhelmed do symptoms related to changes in pH develop. This chapter reviews the causes and consequences of acid–base disorders.

STUDY OF ACID BASE BALANCE IN CHRONIC SEVERE ANAEMIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Balbinder Kumar ◽  
Ganesh Narayan Jha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

Aim of the study role of acid base balance in chronic severe anaemic patients admitted in Department of Medicine, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Study subject include 50 chronic and severe anaemic patients. All the fty cases underwent detailed haematological, biochemical, electrocardiographic, roentgenographic studies followed by extensive analysis of blood for blood gases and acid base parameters at the onset. Some were further studied for venous blood lactate and the effect of intravenous frusemide on the acid base parameters and the clinical state of the patient. Twenty normal controls were also studied. Work in future on the problem of chronic severe anaemia should include cases with cardiac failure and other complications like respiratory infections etc. and they should be studied for myocardial function, glomerular ltration rate and renal anion transport in addition to blood gases and acid base study as done by us. The role of ionotropic agents should be studied in such cases in isolation from that with diuretics. The administration of oxygen alone with a mask is also expected to improve almost all parameters quickly and should be studied.

Effects of monensin and yeast supplementation on blood acid-base balance in finishing feedlot steers fed a high-grain, high-protein diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castillo ◽  
J. Hernández ◽  
J. Méndez ◽  
P. García-Partida ◽  
V. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two dietary supplements (monensin and a live yeast culture) on acid-base balance in steers maintained in a commercial feedlot system, considering effects over the finishing productive cycle. Steers (no. =42) were allotted randomly to one of the three study groups: (1) control group (no supplementation, C), (2) monensin supplementation (MON), and (3) live Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 47 supplementation (SACC). Venous blood samples were collected for the measurement of acid-base parameters and l-lactate. Production parameters were also used as a complementary tool for understanding the internal changes associated with supplementation. During the finishing period, MON steers tended to gain more efficiently than C and SACC steers. In the C group, the finishing-period diet caused a progressive decline in blood bases, in line with the high-grain diet consumption. In contrast, supplemented animals did not show this trend, although lower HCO3− and base excess values were registered in SACC steers than in MON, indicating that ionophore supplementation is less effective for reducing blood base consumption than yeast supplementation. In our study, the lack of the expected response to yeast supplementation may be attributable to the high crude protein content of the ration, a common feature of commercial feedlot industries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document