scholarly journals The effect of different soil core samplers on precision of estimating weed seedbank in soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Smutný ◽  
J. Křen
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spectrum Detection ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Circular Base

The effect of different soil sampling procedures on the precision of estimating the weed seedbank in soil using three soil core samplers with a circular base of 1.3, 6.4 and 8.0 cmin diameter was studied in a model experiment. The results showed the importance of a methodological approach. The soil sampler with a larger diameter is more useful for the objective assessment of the species spectrum (detection of seeds of all weed species in the soil). Furthermore, the value of the coefficient of variation (vx) decreases along with the increasing diameter of the soil sampler. The value of vx assessed in partial samples taken with a sampler of 1.3 cm diameter was double to three times higher than for soil samplers of 6.4 and 8.0 cm. The value of vx increased in individual weed species at decreasing seed frequency in individual partial samples from 17.82 to 316.23%. The soil core with the diameter of8.0 cm on the area of1 m2 is optimal for the exact research. To estimate the weed seedbank in soil in small-plot experiments, one partial sample on the area of5 m2 is recommended. To obtain comparable results, it is necessary to take a higher number of samples at a decreasing diameter of the soil sampler. Likewise, a larger amount of samples is needed to detect less abundant species.

Soil Sampling Procedures

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Arnold Schumann ◽  
Rhuanito Ferrarezi ◽  
Jamie D Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Soil And Water

To achieve optimal grove nutrition, citrus growers must test grove soil before beginning any fertilization program. Standard procedures for sampling, preparing, and analyzing soil should be followed for meaningful interpretations of the test results and accurate recommendations. This new two-page fact sheet, published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, provides illustrated soil sampling procedures and tables to aid in basic interpretation of lab results. Written by Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Arnold Schumann, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss667

Combine Harvesting Affects Weed Seed Germination

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Bins ◽  
Better Than

Seed of three weed species collected from the grain bins of combines while standing hard red winter wheat was harvested germinated better than hand-harvested seed. Combine-harvested curly dock seed germinated from 4 to 24% more than hand-harvested seed. Curly dock seed harvested with a commercial-type combine germinated better than those harvested with a small-plot combine. Harvesting slimleaf lambsquarters and Venice mallow seed with a commercial-type combine also enhanced germination compared to hand-harvested seed.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR MANAGING MARKETING TESTING OF MARKET PROSPECTS PRODUCT INNOVATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeugene Nagornyi ◽  
Svitlana Berezova
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Information Support ◽  
External Information ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Innovation Cycle

The success of innovation activities of industrial enterprises to create product innovations depends on many factors. One of the main factors in this list is an objective assessment of their market prospects. This assessment can be carried out using the procedure of marketing testing, as it contains necessary methodological support and tools to determine the commercial prospects of product innovation at each stage of the innovation cycle. The effectiveness of marketing testing largely depends on how successfully organized this process in the enterprise, which actualizes the development of organizational and economic mechanism for managing marketing testing of market prospects for product innovations. This research is devoted to this question. The article presents the organizational and economic mechanism for managing marketing testing of market prospects of product innovations of industrial enterprises. The developed mechanism contains: subsystem of information support (internal and external information), target subsystem (tasks and purposes, criteria and principles of management of marketing testing), control subsystem (subjects which carry out management and functions which they carry out), the managed subsystem (divisions of the enterprise). Involved in marketing testing), providing a subsystem (methods and resources of management) and a subsystem of controlling the procedure of marketing testing of market prospects of product innovations. The mechanism also includes a subsystem of marketing testing, which consists of the author’s theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the market prospects of product innovations at the stages of the innovation cycle of their development. It is based on the following approaches: theoretical and methodological approach to foresight research of future needs in product innovations; theoretical and methodological approach to the criterion base of evaluation and selection from a number of alternatives of innovative projects for the development of product innovations; theoretical and methodological approach to marketing testing and evaluation of market prospects of product innovations; theoretical and methodological approach to the diagnosis and strengthening of consumer capital of the enterprise; methodical approach, by which decisions are made on the readiness of product innovations to enter the market and complete the work on the procedure of marketing testing. The marketing testing mechanism contains the relationships between the subsystems (influence, coordination, and adjustment, feedback) to obtain an overall result. The result of the implementation of the proposed mechanism is tested for market success, developed product innovation, which is ready for commercialization, which is predicted to succeed, and the developer, thus, will receive all planned revenues and profits from its sale on the market. The conducted analysis is a future basis for the implementation of the developed organizational and economic testing mechanism in the practical activities of domestic innovative industrial enterprises.

scholarly journals Firm's default — new methodological approach and preliminary evidence from Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-773
Author(s):  
Tomasz Berent ◽  
Bogusław Bławat ◽  
Marek Dietl ◽  
Przemysław Krzyk ◽  
Radosław Rejman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Accuracy Measurement ◽  
Accuracy Ratio ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Research background: Bankruptcy literature is populated with scores of (econometric) models ranging from Altman’s Z-score, Ohlson’s O-score, Zmijewski’s probit model to k-nearest neighbors, classification trees, support vector machines, mathematical programming, evolutionary algorithms or neural networks, all designed to predict financial distress with highest precision. We believe corporate default is also an important research topic to be identified with the prediction accuracy only. Despite the wealth of modelling effort, a unified theory of default is yet to be proposed. Purpose of the article: Due to the disagreement both on the definition and hence the timing of default, as well as on the measurement of prediction accuracy, the comparison (of predictive power) of various models can be seriously misleading. The purpose of the article is to argue for the shift in research focus from maximizing accuracy to the analysis of the information capacity of predictors. By doing this, we may yet come closer to understanding default itself. Methods: We critically appraise the bankruptcy research literature for its methodological variety and empirical findings. Default definitions, sampling procedures, in and out-of-sample testing and accuracy measurement are all scrutinized. In an empirical part, we use a double stochastic Poisson process with multi-period prediction horizon and a comprehensive database of some 15,000 Polish non-listed companies to illustrate the merits of our new approach to default modelling. Findings & Value added: In the theoretical part, we call for the construction of a single unified default forecasting platform estimated for the largest dataset of firms possible to allow testing the utility of various sources of micro, mezzo, and macro information. Our preliminary empirical evidence is encouraging. The accuracy ratio amounts to 0.92 for t = 0 and drops to 0.81 two years ahead of default. We point to the pivotal role played by the information on firm’s liquidity (alternatively in profitability) and — in contrast to Altman’s tradition — hardly any contribution to predictive power of other financial ratios. Macro data is shown to be critical. It adds, on average, more than 10 p.p. to accuracy ratio.  In the future, we hope to integrate listed and non-listed firms data into one model, ideally at higher frequency than annual, and include the information on firm's competitiveness position.

The Stability of Weed Seedling Population Models and Parameters in Eastern Nebraska Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Fields

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Johnson ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Linda J. Young ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Grass Weed

Intensive field surveys were conducted in eastern Nebraska to determine the frequency distribution model and associated parameters of broadleaf and grass weed seedling populations. The negative binomial distribution consistently fit the data over time (1992 to 1993) and space (fields) for both the inter and intrarow broadleaf and grass weed seedling populations. The other distributions tested (Poisson with zeros, Neyman type A, logarithmic with zeros, and Poisson-binomial) did not fit the data as consistently as the negative binomial distribution. Associated with the negative binomial distribution is akparameter.kis a nonspatial aggregation parameter related to the variance at a given mean value. Thekparameter of the negative binomial distribution was consistent across weed density for individual weed species in a given field except for foxtail spp. populations. Stability of thekparameter across field sites was assessed using the likelihood ratio test There was no stable or commonkvalue across field sites and years for all weed species populations. The lack of stability inkacross field sites is of concern, because this parameter is used extensively in the development of parametric sequential sampling procedures. Becausekis not stable across field sites,kmust be estimated at the time of sampling. Understanding the variability in it is critical to the development of parametric sequential sampling strategies and understanding the dynamics of weed species in the field.

Methodological Approach to Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Digital Projects Applying Internet of Things Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yu. Mishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Iot Platforms

One of the key ones and most cost-effective technology from an economic point of view for the real sector is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which is usually provided in the form of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, still does not have its own framework for assessing its economic efficiency. The author proposes a methodological approach based on a combination of classical methods of investment analysis and an architectural approach. From the information point of view the scientific work is based on cost-effectiveness studies of IoT projects, domestic and foreign scientific publications, IT cases and research on taxonomy of IoT platforms. The proposed approach may serve as the basis both for preparation of financial business cases and for facilitating the development of tools for objective assessment of the project initiatives attractiveness as part of implementation of the state digital development programs in Russia.

Soil Sampling Procedures for Chemical Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Modupe O. Akinola ◽  
Joyce Gosata Maphanyane ◽  
Read Brown Mthanganyika Mapeo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sampling Procedures

This chapter describes procedures used in soil sampling and its analysis; as well as why there is need to sample soils and for what purpose. We also describe the different types of soils present in nature and compare the different sampling regimes used in soil studies as well equipment's used, and the associated reagents necessary for a specific analysis. The chapter provides background information to scientists engaged in soil studies.

scholarly journals Inside the Interaction: Contact With Familiar Humans Modulates Heart Rate Variability in Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Scopa ◽  
Alberto Greco ◽  
Laura Contalbrigo ◽  
Elisabetta Fratini ◽  
Antonio Lanatà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Sympathovagal Balance ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Human Animal

A human–animal relationship can be developed through subsequent interactions, affected by the positive or negative emotional valence of the proceeding one. Horses implement a process of categorization to classify humans with whom they interact as positive, negative, or neutral stimuli by evaluating the kind of approach and the nature of the contact. In these terms, human–animal interactions are emotionally charged events, eliciting specific emotional states in both subjects involved. Although the human–horse relationship has been mainly investigated through behavioral analysis, physiological indicators are needed for a more objective assessment of the emotional responses. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a commonly used autonomic nervous system (ANS) correlate estimating the sympathovagal balance as a psychophysiological marker of emotion regulation in horses. We have assumed that long-term positive relationships with humans may have a positive and immediate impact on the emotional arousal of the horse, detectable, via ANS activity, during the interaction. We analyzed horses' heartbeat dynamics during their interaction with either familiar or unfamiliar handlers, applying a standardized experimental protocol consisting of three different conditions shifting from the absence of interaction to physical contact. The ANS signals were monitored through an innovative non-invasive wearable system, not interfering with the unconscious emotional response of the animal. We demonstrated that horses appeared to feel more relaxed while physically interacting (e.g., grooming on the right side) with some familiar handlers compared to the same task performed by someone unfamiliar. The shift of the sympathovagal balance toward a vagal predominance suggests that the horses experienced a decrease in stress response as a function not only of the handler's familiarity but also of the type of interaction they are experiencing. These results constitute the objective evidence of horses' capacity to individually recognize a familiar person, adding the crucial role of familiarity with the handler as a paramount component of human–animal interaction. Our rigorous methodological approach may provide a significant contribution to various fields such as animal welfare while further investigating the emotional side of the human–animal relationships.

A Method for Assessing Herbicide Performance in Small Plot Experiments

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Hamill ◽  
P.B. Marriage ◽  
G. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Grass Weed

A method is described that provides an accurate and useful assessment of herbicide performance in small plot experiments. This method is an extension of previous rating systems and provides an assessment of the control of individual species through an estimation of the percentage that each contributes to the total broadleaf or grass weed cover on the whole plot area. It permits data collection on individual weed species but is less time-consuming than counting individual plants and it takes into account the size and vigor of individual weed plants as well as their relative abundance. Further, the system allows tabulation of data from across the entire plot rather than from small areas within the plot. The data can be readily entered into various computerized retrieval systems.

SOIL SAMPLING AND SOIL UNIFORMITY FOR N, P AND K IN A SMALL PLOT AREA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Small Plot

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