scholarly journals Effects of some plant growth regulators on stem anatomy of radish seedlings grown under saline (NaCl) conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Çavuşoğlu ◽  
S. Kılıç ◽  
K. Kabar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Epidermis Cell ◽  
Radish Seedlings ◽  
Saline Medium

In this work, effects of gibberellic acid, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), triacontanol, 24-epibrassinolide and polyamine (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine) pretreatments on the stem anatomy of radish seedlings grown under saline conditions were studied. Salt stress decreased the stem diameter, epidermis cell size, cortex zone thickness, vascular bundle width, cambium thickness, xylem width, trachea diameter and phloem width in the seedlings non-pretreated with the growth regulators, in comparison with the control seedlings grown in distilled water medium. In addition, it slightly increased the cuticle thickness. On the other hand, many of the growth regulator pretreatments more or less stimulated the stem diameter, epidermis cell width, cortex zone thickness, vascular bundle width, xylem width, trachea diameter and phloem width in comparison with the control seedlings grown on saline medium. Moreover, they generally reduced the cuticle thickness, epidermis cell length and cambium thickness.

scholarly journals Effects of pretreatments of some growth regulators on the stomata movements of barley seedlings grown under saline (NaCl) conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Çavuşoğlu ◽  
S. Kılıç ◽  
K. Kabar
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Epidermis Cell ◽  
Stomata Number

In this work, the effects of double, triple and quadruple combinations of gibberellic acid, kinetin, 24-epibrassinolide and polyamines (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine) on the stomata movements in the leaves of barley seedlings grown under saline conditions were studied. In the control seedlings, the stomata number, stomata index and stomata length increased in the upper surfaces of leaves in comparison with their lower surfaces. In addition, the epidermis cell number in the leaves of control plants were fewer in the upper surface than that in the lower surface, but the stomata were statistically in the equal width in both surfaces. As for the applyings, they generally decreased stomata number, stomata index, stomata length and epidermis cell number, while they increased the stomata width in the upper and especially in the lower surface according to the control. The growth regulators used may have served to adaptation of barley seedlings to saline conditions by causing a decrease in most of the mentioned parameters.

scholarly journals Morphological and Anatomical Studies of Hippocrepis L. Genus in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. YETISEN ◽  
C. ÖZDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features

ABSTRACT: In this study, the morphological and anatomical features were investigated of three taxon of Hippocrepis L. species which spreading naturally in Turkey. In the morphological part of the study, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa’s stem is erect or decumbent. The species H. ciliata’s Willd. stem is erect. H. multisiliquosa’s L. stem is decumbent. The fruit of H. multisiliquosa is much more convoluted than the other two taxa. There are cilia on the fruit of H. ciliata, but there are not found any cilia the other two taxa. The stem anatomy of all the studied taxa is hexagonal. In the stem cross section of H. ciliata 12-14 vascular bundle are found, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa 12-15 and H. multisiliquosa 12-13. Leaf vascular bundles are arranged regularly, H. unisiliquosa subsp. unisiliquosa have 18-20, H. ciliata have 6-8, H. multisiliquosa have 9-13 vascular bundles.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Akar Propagul Rhizophora apiculata Blume. pada Medium Air Tawar.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Good Potential

Abstract Rhizophora apiculata Blume. is one of the mangrove species with propagules of good potential to be developed into potted ornamental plants using only fresh water medium. In its natural condition, there are many factors that affect the growth of mangroves. Eventhough mangroves have good adaptation, the use of fresh water as their growth medium is very interesting. One of the signs that indicate growth is the emergence of roots. This research was conducted to examine the growth of R. apiculata propagules in their efforts to develop into ornamental plants using fresh water medium. The results showed that the growth of R. apiculata root propagules was slow as well as the increase in the number of roots. Apiculosis was faster in the first week compared to the second week, while the number of roots increased more during the first week. Compared with the growth of R. apiculata root propagules which were planted in their natural habitat, the growth of R. apiculata root propagules in fresh water medium was slower. This condition can be overcome by adding growth regulators such as auxin in the fresh water used.

scholarly journals KAJIAN ETHYLENE TRIPLE RESPONSE TERHADAP KECAMBAH BEBERAPA VARIETAS KACANG BUNCIS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Rivaldo W. Sahilatua ◽  
Feky R. Mantiri ◽  
Marhaenus J. Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Epidermis Cell ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

ABSTRACTOne of the appropriate cultivation techniques to increase land productivity, is intercropping cultivation. Intercropping is causing the  plant to grow in shelter. This sheltered situation can increase ethylene production, giving rise to a triple response (inhibits stem lengthening, thickening of the stem, and the appearance of the habit of making hooks that cause the stem to grow horizontally or horizontally) that could affect plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to look for varieties of snaps (Phaseolus vulgaris) that were less sensitive to the increasing of ethylene which was reflected in the form of a minimal response to high ethylene levels. The research method used was Test Paper Rolled and Placed in a Standing Position with Plastic. Three varieties used were Horti I, Horti II, and Lokal variet were germinated with treatment (carbide administered) and had been control for five days. The difference data between the measurements of controls minus the treatment, then analyzed with one way ANAVA followed by using the 5% LSD method (Smallest Significant Difference). The results were obtained for the higher hypocotyl length of Horti I variety (1,07 cm), the largest hypocotyl diameter of Horti II variety (0,13 cm), the largest epicotile bend of Horti II variety (7,22 cm), the largest epidermis cell length of Local variety (12,17 m), and epidermal cell width of Horti II variety (5.06 μm). Based on the parameters obtained, Horti I varieties we less sensitive to increasing ethylene content therefore it can be concluded that variet Horti I could grow optimally in shelter condition. Key words: Triple response, ethylene, shade, chickpea, carbide, hypocotyl, epicotyl, and epidermal ABSTRAKMasalah yang umumnya dihadapi dalam membudidayakan tanaman buncis ialah kurangnya lahan untuk bercocok tanam. Teknik budidaya yang tepat untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan, salah satunya budidaya dengan pola tumpang sari. Pola tumpangsari menyebabkan tanaman tumbuh dengan keadaan ternaungi. Keadaan ternaungani ini dapat meningkatkan produksi etilen, sehingga menimbulkan triple response yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari varietas kacang buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris) yang kurang sensitif terhadap peningkatan etilen yang direfleksikan dalam bentuk respon yang minimal terhadap kadar etilen yang tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Uji Kertas Digulung dan Diletakkan Dalam Posisi Berdiri Dengan Plastik (UKDdP). Tiga varietas buncis yang digunakan dikecambahkan dengan pemberian perlakuan (pemberian karbid) dan kontrol selama lima hari. Data selisih diperoleh dari kontrol dikurang perlakuan kemudian dianalisis dengan ANAVA one way yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT 5% (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian diperoleh untuk panjang hipokotil tertinggi varietas Horti I (1,07 cm), diameter hipokotil terbesar varietas Horti II (0,13 cm), bengkokan epikotil terbesar varietas Lokal (7,22 cm), panjang sel epidermis terbesar varietas Lokal (12,17 m), dan lebar sel epidermis varietas Horti II (5,06 m). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, varietas Horti I adalah varietas yang kurang sensitif terhadap peningkatan kadar etilen dibandingkan dengan varietas Horti I dan varietas Lokal. Kata kunci: Triple response, etilen, naungan, kacang buncis, karbid, hipokotil, epikotil, dan sel epidermis

scholarly journals Leaf Anatomical Adaptation Under Early Drought Stress of Sugarcane Cultivars – KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasitikulya Taratima ◽  
Thapakorn Ritmaha ◽  
Nakorn Jongrungklang ◽  
Pitakpong Maneerattanarungroj
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Anatomical Adaptation

Abstract Anatomical adaptation is an important feature that allows plants to mitigate drought stress. A comparative leaf anatomy of two drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars, KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03, was studied in early drought stress between 30 and 90 days after planting using peeling and freehand sectioning methods. KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03 showed different anatomical adaptation features, such as increase in cuticle thickness, bulliform cell size, vascular bundle, and stomatal density, and decreases in leaf thickness and stomatal size. KKU-1999-02 showed more remarkable anatomical changes than KKU-1999-03. The results provide important information that can be applied in combination with other agronomic traits in sugarcane breeding programs to expand the adaptation devices of tolerant cultivars under preliminary drought stress.

scholarly journals Responses of Leaf Hydraulic Traits of Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani To Increasing Temperature and CO2 Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Mei SUN ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Chunhui Feng ◽  
Zhenya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Plateau Wetlands ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Abstract Background Against the background of a changing climate, the responses of functional traits of plateau wetland plants to increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations need to be understood. Hydraulic traits are the key for plants to maintain their ecological functions and affect their growth and survival. However, few studies have comprehensively considered the response strategies of wetland plants' hydraulic traits to environmental changes in the context of water and matter transport, loss, and retention. According to the latest IPCC prediction results, we performed experiments under increased temperature (2℃) and CO2 levels (850 µmol/mol) in an artificial Sealed-top Chamber (STC) to investigate the responses of the hydraulic characteristics of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, the dominant species in plateau wetlands in China. Results Compared with the CK group, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal length, cuticle thickness, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area of S. tabernaemontani in the ET group were significantly reduced, whereas stomatal density and vein density increased significantly. Compared with the CK group, the hydraulic traits of S. tabernaemontani in the EC group were reduced considerably in stomatal length and cuticle thickness but increased dramatically in stomatal density, and there were no significant differences between other parameter values and the control group. Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with stomatal length, cuticle thickness, and vascular bundle length, and stomatal conductance was significantly positively correlated with cuticle thickness. The transpiration rate was significantly positively correlated with cuticle thickness, epidermal cell area, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area. Regarding the hydraulic traits, there was a significant negative correlation between stomatal density and stomatal length, or cuticle thickness, and a significant positive correlation between the latter two. The epidermal cell area was significantly positively correlated with epidermal thickness, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area Conclusions Increased temperature and CO2 levels are not conducive to the photosynthetic activity of S. tabernaemontani. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal density and size, vein density, epidermal structure size, and vascular bundle size play an essential role in the adaptation of this species to changes in temperature and CO2 concentration. In the process of adaptation, hydraulic traits are not isolated from each other, and there is a functional association among traits. This study provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of plateau wetlands.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Transcuticular Penetration of NAA with Ammonium Nitrate and Triton × Surfactants as Spray Additives

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 525C-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal G. Fader ◽  
Martin J. Bukovac
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Plant Cuticle ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

The plant cuticle is the prime barrier to penetration of foliar-applied plant growth regulators (PGR). Spray additives of various chemistries are frequently included in a tank mix to increase performance of PGRs. We have reported that urea and ammonium nitrate (AN) enhance transcuticular penetration of 14C-labeled NAA (pKa 4.2) from aqueous droplets (pH 5.2) and their subsequent deposits through enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM). Studies on effects of Triton × surfactants on AN-enhanced NAA penetration showed an additional 25% increase in NAA penetration and the AN:surfactant interaction was significant. Also, some alkylamine hydrochlorides increased NAA penetration. Studies comparing NAA penetration through tomato and pepper fruit and Citrus leaf CM in the presence of 8 mM AN or 8 mM ethylamine HCl showed that all three species exhibited the same trend for penetration at 120 h: ethylamine HCl > AN > NAA only. Comparative NAA penetration for CM of the three species was pepper > Citrus > tomato, with significant differences (P > 0.006) in NAA penetration, as indexed by initial slope and penetration after 120 h. On addition of AN, NAA penetration was greater (range 3% to 40%) for Citrus and pepper CM than tomato CM. When ethylamine HCl was added, NAA penetration through Citrus and pepper CM was less (–37 and –27%, respectively) than tomato CM as measured by the initial slope, but 6% and 11%, respectively, more than tomato CM for penetration after 120 h. The differences in NAA penetration among the three species cannot be explained by cuticle thickness, since pepper and tomato CM are 2.5- to 3.5-fold thicker than Citrus CM. We have suggested that the enhanced NAA penetration mediated by AN and ethylamine HCl (and other alkylamine HCl examined) may be related to their hygroscopic properties leading to greater deposit hydration. The significance of the differences among the species CM and surfactant-enhanced NAA penetration will be discussed, in relation to diffusion in the non-living, non-metabolic plant cuticle.

scholarly journals Water deficit in relation to leaf and stem anatomy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. shoots cultivated in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Maia Souza ◽  
Antonio Natal Gonçalves ◽  
Marcílio de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Tissue Differentiation ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Cell Collapse

Shoots of E. camaldulensis seedlings from three distinct provenances were submitted to three different levels of in vitro water deficit induced by the addition of sorbitol in the growth media. Transversal sections from the leaf blades and stems were anatomically analysed using the historesin inclusion technique. Shoots from the different provenances presented distinct responses to the treatments. The Gilbert River provenance was the most sensible. The basic alterations found on the anatomical structure in response to the water deficit were: cell collapse, late tissue differentiation, vascular bundle and epidermis disorganization, and alterations on the mesophyll and epidermis thickness.

scholarly journals Development of Intra- and Interxylary Secondary Phloem in Coccinia indica (Cucurbitaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya S. Patil ◽  
Carmen R. Marcati ◽  
Kishore S. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Coccinia Indica

Stem anatomy and the development of intraxylary phloem were investigated in six to eight years old Coccinia indica L. (Cucurbitaceae). Secondary growth in the stems was achieved by the normal cambial activity. In the innermost part of the thicker stems, xylem parenchyma and pith cells dedifferentiated into meristematic cells at several points. In some of the wider rays, ray cells dedifferentiate and produce secondary xylem and phloem with different orientations and sometimes a complete bicollateral vascular bundle. The inner cambial segments of the bicollateral vascular bundle (of primary growth) maintained radial arrangement even in the mature stems but in most places the cambia were either inactive or showed very few cell divisions. Concomitant with the obliteration and collapse of inner phloem (of bicollateral vascular bundles), parenchyma cells encircling the phloem became meristematic forming a circular sheath of internal cambia. These internal cambia produce only intraxylary secondary phloem centripetally and do not produce any secondary xylem. In the stem, secondary xylem consisted mainly of axial parenchyma, small strands of thick-walled xylem derivatives, i.e. vessel elements and fibres embedded in parenchymatous ground mass, wide and tall rays along with exceptionally wide vessels characteristic of lianas. In thick stems, the axial parenchyma de-differentiated into meristem, which later re-differentiated into interxylary phloem. Fibre dimorphism and pseudo-vestured pits in the vessels are also reported.

Interpreting changes in stem diameter in rose plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Urban ◽  
C. Fabret ◽  
L. Barthelemy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Diameter
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