scholarly journals The use of treated rape cake in a calf starter diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Göpfert ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
R. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of starter diet containing 10% of treated rape cake (TRC) with a reduced glucosinolate content on calf growth, development and health. The experiment included 45 calves allocated into 3 groups. After the colostrum period (5 days) the calves were fed 4 l of pooled fresh milk per calf/day and one of the starters ad libitum. The control group (S) was fed Standard starter with components with a standard nutrient content including fibre. Comparative group T was fed Telstar starter, which contained whole maize kernels and protein pellets. Experimental group G was fed Grant starter containing 10% of treated rape cake. The calves were fed hay ad libitum from 10 weeks of age. The average starter consumption (calf/day) over a 90-day feeding period was 1.34, 1.72 and 1.45 kg of the Standard, Telstar and Grant diet, respectively. An insignificantly higher body weight of calves was recorded for the Grant group at the end of the experimental period. When the calculated indices were compared, it was obvious that the weight gains obtained with experimental starters Grant and comparative Telstar were by 4.0% higher and by 5.4% lower, respectively, than in the control group Standard. No significant changes in the parameters of nitrogen, energy, lipid and mineral metabolism, health status, hepatic parenchyma and thyroid function were observed throughout the experimental period. The diet based on experimental starter Grant had no adverse effect on the ruminal fermentation in calves. It may therefore be concluded that the starter diet with 10% content of treated rape cake had no adverse effect on calf growth and performance.    

scholarly journals Effects of intensity and duration of quantitative restriction of feed on broiler performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. JAHANPOUR ◽  
A. SEIDAVI ◽  
A. A. QOTBI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Restriction Method ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of physical feed restriction method with different intensity and duration on broiler performance. One hundred and fifty Ross-breed 308 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design were divided into five experimental treatments. The treatments included physical limitations by 25% or 50% of recommended amount on feed of broilers in two periods of 7 or 14 days. One control group was used fed ad libitum. Each limitation’s severity level was applied in τηρεε replications of 10 birds. All experimental treatments before and after the limitation period until slaughter (day 42) were fed ad libitum. The results showed that in total period broilers under the physical limitation of feed had significantly lower feed intake than controls (P < 0.05). In this research, methods and levels of physical restriction intensity and duration of feed had no significant effect on body weight for the whole experimental period. Methods and levels of food restriction severity and duration had significant effect on feed efficiency (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Intake and growth of steers offered different allowances of autumn grass and concentrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. French ◽  
E. G. O’Riordan ◽  
P. O’Kiely ◽  
P. J. Caffrey ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concentrate Level

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to quantify the relationship between autumn grass supply and concentrate supplementation level on grass intake and animal performance. One hundred and ten continental steers (567 kg) were assigned to 10 treatments. The experimental design was a three grass allowances (6, 12 and 18 kg dry matter (DM) per head daily) by three concentrate levels: (0, 2·5 and 5 kg per head daily) factorial with a positive control group offered concentrates ad libitum and no grass. Grass allowance was offered daily and concentrates were given individually. The experiment began on 22 August and all animals were slaughtered after a mean experimental period of 95 days. Grass intake was calculated using the n-alkane technique and diet digestibility using ytterbium acetate as an indigestible marker. There was an interaction (P < 0·05) between grass allowance and concentrate level for grass intake. At the low grass allowance there was no effect of offering animals supplementary concentrates on grass intake, at the medium and high grass allowances, supplementary concentrates reduced grass intake by 0·43 and 0·81 kg DM respectively per kg DM concentrate offered. Increasing grass allowance increased (P < 0·001) complete diet organic matter (OM) digestibility at all concentrate levels and supplementary concentrates increased (P < 0·001) complete diet OM digestibility only at the low grass allowance. Both offering animals supplementary concentrates (P < 0·001) and increasing daily grass allowance (P < 0·001) increased their carcass growth rate. Relative to the animals offered the low grass allowance and no concentrate, supplementing with concentrate increased carcass growth by 116 g/kg concentrate DM eaten whereas increasing the grass allowance, increased carcass growth by 38 g/kg DM grass eaten. As a strategy for increasing the performance of cattle grazing autumn grass, offering supplementary concentrates offers more scope than altering grass allowance.

Effects of enzyme supplementation of raw bambara nut ((Vigna subterranea (L) verdc) waste diets on carcass and organ weights of broiler finishers

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
A. O. Ani ◽  
O. D. Omeje
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Protein Diets

A study was conducted out to investigate the effects of graded levels of raw bambara nut waste and supplementary enzyme (Roxazyme G) on carcass and internal organ weights of broiler finishers. Ninety-six 6-week old broiler birds were randomly divided into 8 groups of 12 birds each. The groups were randomly assigned to 8 energetic (11.48-12.20 MJ of ME/kg) and nitrogenous (20.09-20.43% crude protein) diets in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement involving four levels (0, 20, 30 and 40%) of raw Bambara nut waste (RBW) and 2 enzyme levels (0 and 0.02%). Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 4 birds per replicate placed in 2.6m x 3m deep litter pens of fresh wood shavings. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum to the birds from 42 to 70 day of age. The experiment lasted for four weeks. At the end of the experimental period when the birds were 10 weeks old, 3 birds per treatment (one per replicate) were randomly selected and weighed for carcass and organ evaluation. Results showed that increasing the levels of RBW did not result in any significant (P>0.05) increase in the relative weights of spleen and heart, while the relative weights of liver, kidney, empty gizzard, small and large intestines increased significantly (P<0.05). There were, however significant (P<0.05) decreases in the live body weight, dressed carcass weight and carcass dressing percent as the levels of RBW in the diets increased beyond 20 %. The results obtained in the present study shows that with Roxazyme G supplementation at 200mg/kg, up to 20% of raw bambara nut waste can be included in the diet of broiler finishers without any adverse effect on their carcass and internal organ weights.

scholarly journals Villous height and crypt depth in piglets in response to increases in the intake of cows' milk after weaning

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
I. H. Williams ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe hypothesis tested in this experiment was that the structure and function of the small intestine of piglets given a milk liquid diet after weaning depends on their level of energy intake. At weaning (28 days), 42 piglets were allocated to one of five treatments: (1) control group killed at weaning; (2) piglets offered a dry starter diet ad libitum; (3) piglets given cow's fresh milk at maintenance energy intake (Ma); (4) piglets given cow's fresh milk at 2-5 Ma; and (5) piglets given cow's fresh milk ad libitum. On the 5th day all piglets were killed and samples of gut were taken for histological and biochemical examination. Piglets given milk ad libitum grew faster (P < 0·001) than piglets on all other treatments. Piglets offered the dry starter diet ingested similar quantities of dry matter and energy, and grew at the same rate as piglets given cows' milk at 2·5 Ma. As predicted, piglets given milk at maintenance energy intake grew slower (P < 0·001) and consumed less food (P < 0·001) than piglets in all other treatments. For piglets given both cows' fresh milk and the dry starter diet, there were significant linear relationships (r = 0·72 to 0·82, P < 0·05) between villous height and crypt depth with dry matter (energy) intake after weaning. In turn, mean villous height in both milk-fed and starter-fed piglets was significantly correlated (r = 0·68 to 0·79, P < 0·05) to empty body-weight gain in the first 5 days after weaning. Estimates of digestive enzyme activity and absorptive capacity of the gut did not corroborate the large differences seen between treatments in villous height and crypt depth, and possible reasons are discussed. These data illustrate the interdependence between voluntary food intake and mucosal architecture in determining piglet performance after weaning.

scholarly journals 203 Feeding a calf starter containing monensin alone or in combination with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source to Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jinsheng Guo ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stress Prevention ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Gut health is critical for neonatal calves, and nutritional technologies are needed for disease and stress prevention. Previous work feeding Monensin (MON) in combination with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source (EOC) blend had demonstrated improved calf gut health and growth performance. The objective was to evaluate MON and EOC alone or in combination on calf growth performance. Eighty (80) new born Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial (MON and EOC). Treatments were: 1) Control without MON or EOC added to the calf starter (CS); 2) MON: 50.8 mg/kg CS (Norvikon Biotechnology Co., Hunan, China); 3) EOC: 44.1 mg/kg CS (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco Inc. Marshall, MN); 4) MON+EOC: MON and EOC added to CS. Calves were fed colostrum followed by whole milk through weaning at 42 d, while CS was fed ad libitum through the 70-d experimental period. The MON by EOC interaction was found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.41) for growth performance. Calves fed without or with MON demonstrated similar (P &gt; 0.70) body weight (BW; 68.7 and 68.9 kg without and with MON, respectively), while calves fed EOC demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW (67.3 and 70.4 kg without and with EOC, respectively) compared with calves fed without EOC. Calves fed a CS containing MON were similar (P &gt; 0.47) in ADG (0.88 and 0.91 kg/d) compared with calves fed without MON; however, calves fed a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (0.84 and 0.95 kg/d) 13% through the 70 d experimental period compared with calves not fed EOC. These data demonstrate that EOC and MON fed in combination was not beneficial for enhancing growth performance, but that calf growth performance can be improved with EOC compared to MON.

scholarly journals Changes in bone density and bone quality caused by single fasting for 96 hours in rats

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Hisatomi ◽  
Kenji Kugino
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polar Moment ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background Young women occasionally engage in dietary restrictions accompanied by fasting for the purpose of losing weight, but such restrictions have various effects on body functions. The recent increase in the number of people suffering from osteoporosis has become a major social problem mainly in industrialized countries.Therefore, we think it is important to understand the effects of fasting on bone vulnerability, especially to bone quality. Methods Animals used male Wister rats weighing 130 g (6 weeks of age), and were divided into a control group (n = 5) and a fasting group (n = 6). The experimental period was 14 days, the control group had ad libitum food throughout the experimental period, the fasted group was fasted for 4 days, and than, had ad libitum food for 10 days. In this study, parameters related to bone fragility due to three-dimensional bone architecture were determined on Contrast enhanced micro-CT images of the lumbar spine and were used as a method for the evaluation of bone quality. In addition, a time-course observation of each individual was carried out during the fasting period and later upon resuming food intake. Cross-sectional images of all vertebrae were obtained from radiographic computed tomography and were analyzed by using Latheta software ver. 3.0 (Hitachi-Aloka Medical, Nagasaki, Japan). The region of interest that was misrecognized in each cross-sectional image was made consistent with the anatomical structure by carrying out corrections manually and by identifying the cortical bone areas and cancellous bone areas. Results Our findings showed that while single fasting for 96 h did not cause any major change in the macroscopic morphology of bone, it caused a marked decrease in bone density. In addition, the minimum cross-sectional moment, which indicated the “strength against bending” as well as the polar moment that indicated the “strength against torsion” were both lower than in non-fasted rats. Further, after resumption of feeding, bone mineral content in the fasting group recovered rapidly and starting at day 4 after resumption of feeding, there was no difference with the control group. On the other hand, the values of the minimum cross-sectional moment and polar moment did not recover, and the difference with the control group increased during the feeding period. Discussion On the basis of this study, the authors estimate that the fasting-induced decrease in bone minimum cross-sectional moment and polar moment may have been due to changes affecting some factors involved in bone quality, and thus could be useful as a parameter in future studies aimed at elucidating bone quality. At least, in the case where bone change accompanied with a change in macroscopic distribution of mineral components occurs, the values of minimum cross-sectional moment and polar moment are considered to be bone parameters that will provide valuable information to elucidate bone quality.

Blood Concentrations of Th2-Type Immunoglobulins are Selectively Increased in Weanling Mice Subjected to Acute Malnutrition

2005 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirang R. Neyestani ◽  
Bill Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Ad Libitum

Male and female C57BL/6J mice, initially 19 days old, consumed a complete purified diet either ad libitum (age-matched control) or in restricted daily quantities (energy deficiency), or they consumed a purified isocaloric low-protein diet ad libitum (protein and energy deficit). In a 14-day experimental period, malnourished animals lost approximately 1.5% of their initial body weight daily. Zero-time controls, 19 days old, were also included in the study. Serum levels of Th2-type (IgG1 and IgE) and Th1-type (IgG2a and IgG3) immunoglobulins were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total IgG concentration was also assessed. Both malnourished groups exhibited high serum concentrations of IgG1 and IgE relative to the age-matched control group, whereas levels of the Th1-type immunoglobulins were unaffected. Total IgG concentration in the malnourished groups reflected the usual finding in humans (i.e., no effect or elevated). The results are consistent with the proposition of Th2-polarized immune competence in acute weanling deficiencies of energy, protein, or both.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

Effect of Chelated Mineral Mixture on Blood Biochemistry, Hormone and Mineral Status in Repeat Breeder Buffaloes in Tribal Areas of Dahod District in Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Joshi ◽  
D Patel ◽  
P D Patel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Repeat Breeder

An on-farm trial for 90 days was conducted at four tribal villages to assess the effect of chelated mineral mixture (CMM) supplementation on blood biochemistry as well as hormonal and mineral status, nutrient intake and reproductive performance of the repeat breeder buffaloes (n = 24). The animals selected were randomly divided into two groups of 12 animals each. The group T1 was control group (farmer’s feeding schedule), and T2 treatment group (T1 + CMM @ 50 g/animal/day). Blood collection was done at 0, 45 and 90 days of the experiment from both the groups for assessment of blood biochemical, hormonal and mineral status of the animals. Average DM, DCP and TDN intake in repeat breeder buffaloes calculated as per information collected from farmers were statistically similar among both the groups and were as per ICAR requirements of animals. Results revealed significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in hemoglobin, serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, progesterone, and macro (Ca, P)–micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn) mineral status of chelated mineral supplemented group as compared to control animals. The number of days taken for a successful conception in repeat breeder buffaloes as well as the cost of feeding was also reduced upon supplementation of CMM in T2 as compared to T1 group. The control group recorded a 22.12% higher cost of rearing than the treatment group during the experimental period. The findings revealed the beneficial role of cheated minerals supplementation in improving health, nutritional and reproductive status of repeat breeding buffaloes.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of an Educational Intervention to Improve Water Intake in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Two-Arm, Non-Randomized Controlled Cluster Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Rubén Martín-Payo ◽  
María del Mar Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Edurne Zabaleta-del-Olmo ◽  
Rebeca García-García ◽  
Xana González-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cluster Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an educational intervention on hydration behavior in adolescent soccer players. A pilot study of a two-arm, non-randomized controlled cluster trial was conducted. A total of 316 players aged 13–16 agreed to participate. The response variables were the players’ participation in the intervention, their perception of the knowledge acquired, the usefulness and the overall assessment of the intervention. Hydration patterns and acquisition of knowledge on hydration behavior were also assessed. The intervention involved two elements: posters and a web app. A total of 259 adolescents completed the study (intervention group (IG) = 131; control group (CG) = 128). 80.6% of the players responded to the survey assessing the feasibility of the intervention. The mean number of correct answers regarding behavior was significantly higher in the IG (3.54; SD = 1.162) than in the CG (2.64; SD = 1.174) (p < 0.001). The water consumption pattern at all the clubs was ad libitum. Of the players, 10% did not drink any water at all during the game. In conclusion, this intervention has been shown to be feasible for implementation with adolescent soccer players. It suggests that hydration guidelines should be informed by personal factors and that ad libitum water consumption should be avoided.

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