scholarly journals Effects of fat-protein supplementation of diets for cows in early lactation on milk yield and composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Strusińska ◽  
D. Minakowski ◽  
B. Pysera ◽  
J. Kaliniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

An experiment was performed on 37 Holstein-Friesian cows during the first 120 days of lactation. The cows were fed balanced diets composed of haylage and maize silage (together 52% dry mater) and a concentrate containing 19% crude protein (group 1), a concentrate containing 17.5% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus<sup>&reg;</sup> (group 2) or a concentrate containing 19% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus<sup>&reg;</sup> (group 3). The mean daily milk yield recorded in groups 2 and 3 amounted to 32.6 kg/d and was by 10.3% higher than in the control group (P &le; 0.01). FCM yield increased by 15.5% and 12.1% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, in comparison with group 1. Diet supplementation with Megapro Plus<sup>&reg;</sup> had no significant effect on the levels of fat, lactose, protein, nitrogen fractions and urea, or some physicochemical properties of milk (density, pH, heat stability). A decrease was noted in solids-non-fat (group 2) and somatic cell count (P &le; 0.05). Megapro Plus<sup>&reg;</sup> supplementation of a diet with a reduced (to 3%) &ldquo;00&rdquo; rapeseed meal content in concentrate (group 2) resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:1 and C18:2) and hypocholesterolaemic acids (DFA) in milk, recorded on the 120th day of lactation. Megapro Plus<sup>&reg;</sup> supplementation of a concentrate with a high (10%) &ldquo;00&rdquo; rapeseed meal content aimed at increasing the concentrations of both energy and protein (group 3), had no significant effect on improvement in the fatty acid profile, i.e. changes towards increasing unsaturation of milk fat. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Milk yield at first lactation, parity, and season of calving affect the reproductive performance of water buffalo cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Héctor Nava-Trujillo ◽  
Robert Valeris-Chacin ◽  
Armando Quintero-Moreno ◽  
Juan Escalona-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Context Profitability of water buffalo systems depends on a calving interval (CI) &lt;400 days. Several factors affect the achievement of this target. However, milk yield at first lactation has received little attention. Aims Determine the effect of milk yield at first lactation, parity, season of calving and farm, on the length of CI and the probability of a CI ≤ 400 days in water buffaloes. Methods A retrospective analysis of milk yield at first lactation and reproductive records of 1459 water buffaloes was carried out. Milk yield was categorised as Group 1 (≤1090 kg), Group 2 (1090–1377 kg), Group 3 (1377–1684 kg) and Group 4 (&gt;1684 kg); parity was categorised as parity 1, 2 and ≥ 3; and month of calving was grouped into three seasons: December–March, April–July, and August–November. Data were analysed using linear and logistic mixed models. Key results CI increased from 425.3 days (95% CI: 418.8–431.8 days) in group 1 to 463.3 days (95% CI: 456–470.6 days) in group 4 (P &lt; 0.05), while the probability of having a CI ≤ 400 days decreased from 0.5 (95% CI: 0.46–0.54) to 0.26 (95% CI: 0.22–0.29), respectively (P &lt; 0.05). CI decreased from 466 days (95% CI: 460.8–471.3 days) in parity 1 to 410.5 days (95% CI: 405.2–415.8 days) in parity ≥3, whereas the probability of a CI ≤ 400 days increased from 0.26 (95% CI: 0.24–0.29) to 0.51 (95% CI: 0.47–0.54) respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Water buffaloes calving in August–November showed significantly shorter CI and, along with those calving between December–March, showed the highest probability of a CI ≤ 400 days. An interaction between milk yield at first lactation and parity on both outcomes was observed. Conclusions Shorter CI and higher probability of a CI &lt;400 days were associated with lower milk yields at first lactation, higher parity and calving between August–November. Higher milk yield at first lactation affected negatively the reproductive performance of water buffaloes, especially at parity 1 and 2. Implications These results highlight the importance of adequate nutritional management to allow water buffaloes to cope with the challenge of the postpartum negative energy balance and have a calving interval less than 400 days.

scholarly journals Impact of Photoperiod Length and Treatment with Exogenous Melatonin during Pregnancy on Chemical Composition of Sheep’s Milk

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Edyta Molik ◽  
Michał Błasiak ◽  
Henryk Pustkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of photoperiod and exogenous melatonin on milk yield and chemical composition of sheep’s milk. Sheep (n = 60) were randomly divided into three groups: lambing in February (Group 1—n = 20), lambing in June (Group 2—n = 20), and lambing in June and treated with subcutaneous melatonin implants (Group 3—n = 20). Milk yield was higher for Group 1 and Group 2 than for Group 3 (p < 0.01). The milk of ewes of Groups 2 and 3 had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher content of dry matter, protein, and fat. Group 3 sheep’s milk contained significantly more (p < 0.01) of SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids). The highest content of MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids) and PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) was found in the samples collected from Group 1, the lowest was in the milk of Group 3 animals. The highest (p < 0.01) CLA, content was identified in the milk of Group 1, while the lowest was recorded for the milk obtained from sheep treated with exogenous melatonin (Group 3). The experiment carried out has shown that day length and treatment with exogenous melatonin modulate the chemical composition of milk.

scholarly journals The effect of digitonin on egg quality, cholesterol content in eggs, biochemical and haematological parameters in laying hens

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tůmová ◽  
H. Härtlová ◽  
Z. Ledvinka ◽  
A. Fučíková
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the present study was to describe the effect of digitonin on egg quality, cholesterol content in eggs, some parameters of serum lipid metabolism and blood picture of laying hens. The experiment was split into 3 groups (8 laying hens per group); group 1 was fed control feed mixture with 16.54% crude protein and 11.61&nbsp;MJ ME, group 2 received control feed mixture with 0.01% digitonin and supplement of digitonin in group 3 was 0.025%. Digitonin in the amount 0.025% significantly (P&le; 0.05) reduced egg weight from 65.07 g in control group to 61.44 g in group 3, white weight (41.21 g vs. 37.96 g), and egg cholesterol content (13.64 mg/g vs. 12.95 mg/g of yolk). Digitonin significantly (P &le; 0.05) increaced HDL cholesterol (0.43 mmol/l in control group to 0.59 mmol/l in group 3) and triglycerides from 13.47 mmol/l (control) to 16.90 mmol/l (group 3) in blood serum. Significantly (P&nbsp;&le; 0.05) lower number of erythrocytes and MCV value in group 3 were observed. &nbsp;

Analysis of milk traits in relation to feeding level and organization in a herd of high-yielding cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Jerzy Lech Jugowar ◽  
Zbigniew Sobek ◽  
Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska ◽  
Jolanta Różańska-Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Recommended Level ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the study was to determine factors influencing the balance of energy and protein in high-yielding cows. Daily milk yield, lactation number and month of lactation were analysed. The study was carried out in a herd with yield of 11,000 kg milk/year, on 517 lactating cows. The cows were divided into four feeding groups. They were fed TMR calculated for levels of milk production, as follows: group 1 – for 45 kg, group 2 – for 35 kg, group 3 – for 26 kg and group 4 – for 20 kg. The actual mean milk yield for these groups was 49.1 kg, 38.1 kg, 26.3 kg and 17.5 kg per day. Each group consisted of cows in their first to sixth lactation and in their first to tenth month of lactation. No significant differences were noted in daily milk yield between lactation numbers or months of lactation. As milk yield increased in the groups, the content of fat and protein decreased. The estimated balance of energy, based on the protein percentage in the milk, was negative for nearly the entire lactation in group 1, for the first four months of lactation in group 2, for the first two months in group 3, and in the second month of lactation for group 4. Group 1 was divided into three subgroups according to yield: up to 45 kg, 45-50 kg and 50 kg or more. Energy was estimated to be wellbalanced only in the first subgroup. The balance of energy in the cows was strongly determined by daily milk yield, and to a lesser degree by the month of lactation. Protein, based on the concentration of urea in the milk, was well-balanced in groups 1 and 2. In groups 3 and 4, the recommended level of protein in the rations was exceeded by 10-20%.

scholarly journals Factors affecting expression of estrus in dairy cows with high milk yields

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6011-2018
Author(s):  
AURIMAS GAVELIS ◽  
VYTUOLIS ŽILAITIS ◽  
ARŪNAS JUOZAITIS ◽  
VIDA JUOZAITIENĖ ◽  
GIEDRIUS PALUBINSKAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The objectives of this study were to define the effect of the milk progesterone (P4) concentration on estrus expression in dairy cows with high milk yield and to identify the effect of milk yield and parity on the milk P4 concentration and cow’s pregnancy after artificial insemination (AI). In this study, 48 clinically healthy cows without reproduction disorders, on day 90-100 after calving were used. At the beginning of estrus and 12 hours after the beginning of estrus, the milk P4 concentration in dairy cows with high milk yield (group 3) was higher than in group 2 (33.66; 22.36%) and in group 1 (51.60; 65.26%) (P &lt;0.001). The milk P4 concentration in the ≥3 lactation cows was higher than the second (13.45%; P&gt;0.05) and the first (28.28%; P&lt;0.01) lactation ones (28.28%; P&lt;0.01). The milk P4 concentration at the beginning of estrus and 12 hours after the beginning of estrus in pregnant and non-pregnant cows was 2.58 and 3.32; 4.20 and 5.00 ng/ml, respectively (P&lt;0.001). As a result, it was concluded that high progesterone concentration affected the expression of estrus and pregnancy results in dairy cows, and the measuring of progesterone concentration in milk can be used as a non-invasive method to provide detailed information about fertility in high milk yield cows..

scholarly journals Rapeseed meal and urea as a protein source for growing bulls on alkali-treated straw-based feeding

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist ◽  
Mikko Tuori
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Group 1

Between the ages of 3 1/2 and 10 months, 12 bulls took part in an experiment in which 1) Tower rapeseed meal or 2) urea plus rapeseed meal was used as a protein source in a diet based on dry alkali-treated straw. In group 1 the rapeseed meal composed 32 % of a concentrate mixture also containing barley, oats, molassed beet pulp and minerals. The average daily consumption of rapeseed meal was 1.2 kg/animal and it contributed 58 % of the digestible crude protein supply. In group 2 urea composed 2 % of the concentrate mixture and the average daily consumption was 84 g/animal. In this group urea contributed about 38 % and rapeseed meal 20 % of the digestible crude protein supply. The palatability of the concentrate mixture was good in both groups. The average daily intake of alkalitreated straw was 2.3 kg/animal or 0.77 kg dry matter/100 live weight kg. Treated straw was the only roughage received by the animals from the age of6 months. Up to that age the animals also received hay, on average 840 g per animal and day. The average daily live weight gain in group 1 was 1072 g/animal and in group 2 it was 1111 g; the carcass weights in the respective groups were 169 kg and 176kg, and the feed conversion rates were 4.08 f.u. and 4.16 f.u./kg live weight gain. The differences between the group were not significant (P > 0.05). Almost all the animals showed pathological changes in their inner organs, which may mean that alkali-treated straw sounds not to be suitable as the only roughage source for growing bulls.

scholarly journals The Effect of Intramuscular Oxytocin Injection on Milk Ejection in Dairy Cattles

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2405-2407
Author(s):  
Mansur Seymen Seğmenoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Milking is a source of change in milk yield and milk quality determination, and one of the main events of milking is the oxytocin-mediated ejection reflex. Complete ejection of milk from the udder is due to the presence of high oxytocin during milking. The aim of this study is to investigate whether oxytocin administered intramuscularly has an effect on increasing milk ejection. In the study, 28 clinically healthy lactation Holstein cows were used, the lactation numbers and lactation periods of these cows were ignored in the evaluation. The study groups are divided into four groups, each consisting of seven cows. 50 IU oxytocin was given to group-1 five days before milking in the morning and evening, group-2 received 50 IU oxytocin once a day just before milking and the group-3 was given 50 IU oxytocin once before morning milking on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days and the group-4 is a control group, oxytocin was not given to this group. Oxytocin injection was administered intramuscularly 30 minutes before milking. In the evaluation, the last five days of milk data before the application, five days of milk data during the application period and five days of milk data after the application period were taken into consideration. As a result of the study, we can say that the udder was not completely emptied with the intramuscular administration of oxytocin.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

Features of postoperative period in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: phlebectomy versus thermal ablation

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
E. Burleva ◽  
O. Smirnov ◽  
S. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the course of the postoperative period after phlebectomy and thermal ablation in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) with class C2 of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) — CEAP class C2. Materials and methods: 455 patients (455 limbs) with CEAP class C2. Group 1 (n = 154) received stripping + minimally invasive phlebectomy; Group 2 — endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of GSV trunk + sclerotherapy of varicose veins; 3 group (n = 150) — radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the GSV + sclerotherapy. All patients were united by a single tactical solution — the elimination of pathological vertical reflux in GSV. In each group, patients were with similar hemodynamic profile were selected (Group 1 = 63; Group 2 = 61; Group 3 = 61). The course of the postoperative period (from 2 days to 2 months) was compared for pain (visual analog scale — VAS), clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, degree of satisfaction (Darvall questionnaire), and duration of disability. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel programs for Windows XP, MedCalc® (version 11.4.2.0., Mariakerke, Belgium). Results: Postoperative pain is more pronounced (during day 1 for Group 1–4.0, Group 2–3.0, Group 3–2.0) and more prolonged (up to 4 days) after open surgeries (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the clinical symptoms of CVI (including varicose syndrome and use of compression therapy) could not be fully evaluated in connection with the ongoing sclerotherapy procedures for patients of Groups 2 and 3. Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic aspects was higher than expected in all groups. Reliable statistical differences proved decrease in days of disability (Group 1–14; Group 2–4; Group 3–3) and earlier return to physical activities and work in patients after thermal ablation in comparison with phlebectomy. Conclusion: The study shows that all three methods for eliminating vertical reflux in the GSV can be proposed for a large category of patients with CEAP of class C3 and C2. Medical and social rehabilitation of patients using endovascular thermal ablation technologies proceeds faster, which is beneficial both for the patients and for society.

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