scholarly journals Trichoderma and sulphoethyl glucan reduce maize root rot infestation and fusaric acid content

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Šrobárová ◽  
Š. Eged
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
The One ◽  
Measurable Concentration

Roots of maize seedlings (cv. Pavla) infested by Fusarium verticillioides (10<sup>5</sup>/ml) were cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium (MSM, Sigma, USA) containing CaCl<sub>2</sub>,IAA and kinetin. Simultaneously, a strain of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma sp. and a sulphoethyl glucan (SEG) isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were added. Two evaluations (on 7 and 14 days) were done. Productivity parameters of leaves and roots (fwt, dwt, and length), disease severity index (DSI) and fusaric acid (FA) concentration were evaluated. Both Trichoderma sp. and SEG increased productivity parameters of plants in infested variants and maintained it on the level of control plants during 14&nbsp;days of experiment. Trichoderma reduced the DSI, while SEG increased it. DSI correlated with FA concentration. After seven days of cultivation concentration of FA was lower in all infected variants cultivated concomitantly with agents, compared with the one without them. After 14 days of cultivation both agents reduced the concentration of FA up to 50% to the non-measurable concentration in variant with Trichoderma. In variant with positive control, where FA was added to SEG, its concentration decreased up to 30%.

Purification of a chitinase from Trichoderma sp. and its action on Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani cell walls.

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia H. C. Lima ◽  
Cirano J. Ulhoa ◽  
Adrienne P. Fernandes ◽  
Carlos R. Felix
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

scholarly journals UJI DAYA ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, Cav.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Rina Ayu Krismonikawati
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Solanum Betaceum

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a normal response to injury due to release of chemical mediators such as prostaglandins. Solanum betaceum Cav. skin contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory power and the effect of variations in the dose of ethanolic extract of the skin of Solanum betaceum Cav on Swiss male strain mice caragenin-induced. The ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin was obtained using remaseration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antiinflammatory power test using edema formation method with induction of caragenin 1% intraplantar 30 minutes before administration of the test material. Tests were carried out on 25 mice records which were divided into 5 groups namely negative control (0.5% CMC Na suspension), positive control (diclofenac sodium suspension in 0.5% CMC Na dose 7 mg/kgBW) and given suspension respectively. Dutch eggplant skin ethanolic extract in CMC Na 0.5% dose 70 mg/kgBW; 140 mg/kgBW; 280 mg/kgBW orally. The parameters observed were edema thickness measured using calipers at 30 minute intervals for 360 minutes. The results of edema thickness difference are used to calculate the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the percentage of antiinflammatory power (% AIP). Dat a were analyzed statistically with the One Way Anova test and continued by the Post Hoc Test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin contains flavonoid compounds and has antiinflammatory power. The greater the dose of ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin, the greater the anti-inflammatory power. Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav., antinflammation, caragenin

Lignification of spruce tracheid secondary cell walls related to longitudinal hardness and modulus of elasticity using nano-indentation

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gindl ◽  
H S Gupta ◽  
C Grünwald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
The One

The lignin content and the mechanical properties of lignifying and fully lignified spruce tracheid secondary cell walls were determined using UV microscopy and nano-indentation, respectively. The average lignin content of developing tracheids was 0.10 g·g–1, as compared with 0.21 g·g–1 in mature tracheids. The modulus of elasticity of developing cells was on average 22% lower than the one measured in mature, fully lignified cells. For the longitudinal hardness, a larger difference of 26% was observed. As lignifying cells in the cambial zone are undergoing cell wall development, spaces in the cellulose–hemicellulose structure are filled with lignin and the density of the cell wall is believed to increase. It is therefore suggested that the observed difference in modulus of elasticity between developing and fully lignified cell walls is due to the filling of spaces with lignin and an increase of the packing density of the cell wall during lignification. Although remarkably less stiff than the composite polysaccharide structure in the secondary cell wall, lignin may be considered equally hard. Therefore, the observed increase in lignin content may contribute directly to the measured increase of hardness.Key words: secondary cell wall, hardness, lignin, modulus of elasticity, wood formation.

THE EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF MATOA (PometiaPinnata) ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA TOWARDS BACTERIA NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Denny Chandra Halid
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
The One

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Matoa (Pometiapin-nata) endophytic bacteria towards bacteria nosocomial infection namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The subjects in the study were Matoa plant endophytic bacterial isolates on the stem (tw-igs). The positive control used is meropenem & negative control of aquades. This type of research uses quasi-experiments with a research design us-ing the One-Group Time-Series Design. The result of the study shows that there are 2 endophytic bacterial iso-lates in Matoa plants namely BEM 1 and BEM 2. Both endophytic bacterial isolates can kill and inhibits bacterial nosocomial infections Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epider-midis with inhibition zones in the range of 16mm-22mm with a strong category very strong that it has the po-tential to be used as an antibacterial

scholarly journals Different salicylic and jasmonic acids imbalances are involved in the oxidative stress-mediated cell death, induced by fumonisin B1 in maize seedlings with contrasting resistance to Fusarium verticillioides ear rot in the field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago N. Otaiza-González ◽  
Verónica S. Mary ◽  
Silvina L. Arias ◽  
Lidwina Bertrand ◽  
Pilar A. Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Biomarker Response

ABSTRACTBackground and aimFungal and plant secondary metabolites modulate the plant-pathogen interactions. However, the participation of fumonisins in the Fusarium verticillioides-maize pathosystem is unclear. In this work was studied the cell death, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) - phytohormone imbalance interplay underlying the phytotoxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize germplasms with contrasting resistance to Fusarium ear rot in the field.MethodsResistant (RH) and susceptible hybrid (SH) maize seedlings, grown from uninoculated seeds irrigated with FB1 (1 and 20 ppm), were harvested at 7, 14 and 21 days after planting, and were examined for electrolyte leakage (aerial parts); and for oxidative stress biomarkers (aerial parts and roots). The phytohormone (salicylic and jasmonic acids) imbalance interplay underlying the FB1-induced cell death were further explored in seedlings exposed 24 h to the mycotoxin (1 ppm) in hydroponics.ResultsCell death increased in RH and SH watered with 1 and 20 ppm of mycotoxin, respectively. Both toxin concentrations were pro-oxidant, and the major perturbations were found in roots. An Integrated Biomarker Response index was calculated suggesting that phytotoxicity occurs in a redox context more efficiently controlled by RH.ConclusionThe pre-treatment with the antioxidant ascorbic acid led to the conclusion that cell death in RH was related to a salicylic acid increase mediated by ROS. Nevertheless, FB1 induced two different phytohormonal regulatory mechanisms mediated by oxidative stress in both maize hybrids.

scholarly journals The Biophysical Modeling of the Nephrogenesis in the Perinatal Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Nephron Number ◽  
Microscopic Picture ◽  
The One

Our experiments analyzed the microscopic picture of kidneys of patients who died during gestational age or infancy. We wanted to investigate nephrogenesis in its ontogenetic development. We only conducted the analysis until the age of three, because the one million nephron number characteristic of the kidney in adulthood is already developed by the age of three. This perinatal time interval was divided into five periods. Intrauterine are the early fetal (3–5 months) and late fetal periods, neonates (0–1 months), infants (1–12 months) and young children (1–3 years). The specific case numbers are not taken into account, only general remarks are communicated. We found that the structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which undergoes three initial stages: pro-, meso- and metanephros. There are two periods of accumulation: late fetal and infant age. After birth, the number of incomplete renal corpuscles is negligible. Nephrogenesis occurs from the outside to the inside. By the age of three, the volume of the cortex doubles that of the marrow. In further periods of ontogenesis, the nephron count remains unchanged, only the volume of the nephrons increases. When modelling kidney function, we found that the body is “resting” some of the nephrons, because it is during this time that the cell walls resulting from cavitation are regenerated.

scholarly journals The permeability of microwave treated wood for distilled water

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Merenda ◽  
Jiří Holan
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Wood Impregnation ◽  
The One

Permeability of wood is a wood property which strongly affects a process of drying wood, as well as steaming, boiling and wood impregnation. The low permeability of the most industry treated wood causes investigating the ways which increase the permeability of wood. The one of the considered methods is drying of wood with the aid microwave radiation which causes rotation and friction of water molecules, thus the temperature and the pressure inside the wood are growing up. As a result of raised pressure are crackled cell walls which makes the wood structure more permeable in transverse direction, but in longitudinal direction the wood speciemens treated with microwave radiation don’t analyse differences in the permeability in comparison with unmodified wood.

scholarly journals The Effect of Various Concentrations of Ethanol Extract of the Leaves of Paederia foetida L. on the Growth of Escherichia Coli Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Hertina Silaban
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
The One

Bacterial infection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the cause of gastrointestinal disorders in humans has increased their prevalence. Treatment using natural ingredients can be a choice of therapy because of the minimal side effects. One of the rare plants believed by the community as an antibacterial is stinking vin’e known as the ‘leaf fart’. The purpose of this research is for knowing the activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida L can affect the growth of E.coli. The serial diffusion disc method is being used as the antibacterial activity test. The concentration  of this extract are 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% with positive control (ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aqua dest). The inhibition zone diameter characterized the effect of Extract on bacterial growth were 6.16 mm of the concentration 10%, 6.667 mm of the concentration 20%, 7.10 mm of the concentration 40 %, 7.78 mm of the concentration 80%, and 10.03 mm of the concentration 100%. As for the negative control has no effect. The study stated that the higher concentration of antibacterial agent used, the greater the inhibition zone formed. Based on the result of the analysis of the data by using the One-Way ANOVA Test showed a probability value (p) = 0.000 or value (p) < 0.05, that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion is that the Extract of stinking vin’e has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E.coli. Keywords: Antibacterial, E.coli, Extract of  Sembukan leaf

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA NYAMUK (Culex quinquifasciatus Say)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Indra Rahmawati ◽  
Bagus Uda Palgunadi ◽  
Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Ni Made Dewi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kecombrang flower extract (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) on the death of Culex quenquefasciatus Say larvae. Experimental animals used were Culex quenquefasciatus Say larvae, amounting to 625 tails. The design used was a randomized complete design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The five treatments consisted of two test groups, namely the treatment group consisting of concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group consisting of positive control namely abate and negative control namely aquades. Observation of mosquito larvae death was done every 2 hours for 12 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the Duncan test. Based on the results of the one way ANOVA calculation the value of sig.0.00 <0.05 means that there are significant differences between treatments. Duncan test results on the treatment of 10% and 15% kecombrang flower extract have the ability as a larvicide high and equal to positive control (abate). Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the extract of kecombrang flower (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) had the ability to larvae against the Culex quenquefasciatus Say mosquito.

scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN Trichoderma sp. DAN Fusarium NON PATOGENIK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK VANILI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN / Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium to Environmentally Control Vanilla Shoot Rot Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Efi Taufiq ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Bonny PW Soekarno ◽  
M. Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Combine Application ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The One ◽  
Important Disease

<p align="center">ABSTRAK</p><p>Penyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting vanili yang  berpotensi mengurangi  produksi  vanili di Indonesia.  Penyakit  BPV di Indonesia umumnya merusak pembibitan, namun akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan penyakit BPV pada tanaman vanili dewasa di kebun mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. dan Fusarium non patogenik (FusNP) dalam mengendalikan penyakit BPV di kebun vanili. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi mulai November 2015 - Juli 2016. Pengujian residu fungisida sintetik dilakukan di Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Laladon Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas lima perlakuan yaitu pemberian substrat <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. (T), penyemprotan suspensi konidia FusNP (F), kombinasi <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. dan FusNP (TF),  fungisida sintetik mancozeb (M) dan kontrol (K). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah gejala dan keparahan penyakit, curah hujan, dan residu fungisida sintetik. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Tukey pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. dan FusNP cukup efektif mengendalikan penyakit BPV di lapangan, setara dengan keefektifan fungisida sintetik yaitu kejadian penyakit berkisar 2 - 5%, sedangkan kontrol mencapai 32%. Perkembangan penyakit BPV dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, semakin tinggi curah hujan semakin tinggi intensitas serangan penyakit BPV. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik secara intensif menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan berupa residu pestisida pada daun, buah, dan tanah rizosfer vanili..</p><p>Kata kunci: busuk pucuk vanili,<em> Phytophthora. capsici</em>, agens hayati.</p><p> </p><p align="center">ABSTRACT</p><p>Vanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment  was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016.   The study consisted of five treatments that were application of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M)  and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each.  The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of <em>Trichoderma sp.</em> sp. and NPF  reduced  the disease severity of VSR   3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control.   The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period.  </p><p>Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease<sup>, </sup><em>Phytophthora capsici. </em>Bioagent.</p>

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