scholarly journals Effect of genotypic background on haploid production through embryo rescue in wheat × maize crosses – Short Communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
N. Singh ◽  
R.K. Behl ◽  
M.S. Punia
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Haploid Embryos

Two high yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were pollinated with seven agrarian superior varieties. F<sub>1</sub>&rsquo;s&nbsp;thus obtained were pollinated with diverse winter maize lines/composites and treated with a solution containing 2,4-D and GA<sub>3</sub>. The haploid embryos were rescued 13 to 16 days post pollination on MS<sub>1</sub> and MS<sub>4</sub> media. Out of&nbsp;15,&nbsp;only two crosses viz., (UP 2338 &times; HD 2285) F<sub>1</sub> &times; maize and (WH 533 &times; PBW 343) F<sub>1</sub> &times; maize resulted in callus development and direct germination via embryo rescue.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF HAPLOIDS AND POLYEMBRYOS IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) THROUGH WHEAT × MAIZE SYSTEM

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
U. Asad ◽  
A. K. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
S. Alam ◽  
M. M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Haploid Plants

Six varieties of spring wheat such as Mayoor, Sebia, Prodip, Bulbul, Bijoy, Sowgat were crossed with a single maize variety Pop corn as pollinator. Fertilization of wheat eggs, formation, retention and development of haploid embryos were facilitated by the application of 2, 4-D at 100ppm.The haploid embryos were cultured on MS medium, which regenerated haploid plants. Highly significant variations were observed for the characters related to haploid production such as development of caryopsis, recovery of embryos and regeneration of haploid plants over total pollinated florets. The highest caryopsis setting over pollinated florets was noticed in the variety Sebia. Recovery of embryos over caryopsis was the highest in the variety Bijoy. Germination of embryos over total embryos and regeneration of haploid plants over total pollinated florets were highest in the variety Mayoor. At the time of embryo rescue, occurrence of more than one embryo in a single caryopsis were noticed which were considered as polyembryos. Generation of multishoot from attached polyembryos (appeared as single embryo) was also considered as polyembryos. Highly significant variations were observed among the six varieties of wheat for formation of polyembryos over caryopsis, germination of polyembryos over total embryos and formation of polyembryos accounted to multishoots over total embryos. The highest number of polyembryos formation and germination of polyembryos were observed in the variety Mayoor. The varieties Sebia and Mayoor gave the highest polyembryos formation accounted to multishoots which were more than 8.00%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17035

Haploid production of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars through wheat × maize (Zea mays L.) crosses

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suenaga ◽  
A. R. Morshedi ◽  
N. L. Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Haploid Embryos

In order to reduce the labour for wheat haploid production through wheat maize crosses, several emasculation methods were investigated in combination with the ‘spike culture method’. Although the standard method whereby wheat spikes were hand-emasculated and pollinated on the day of anthesis gave a higher efficiency, the ‘non-emasculation method’ gave a comparable response. The use of the non-emasculation method and spike culture could eliminate much of the labour required for emasculation and treatment with 2,4-D, which is normally applied by injection into wheat internodes or by dropping onto florets after pollination with maize. Most of the selfed seeds were easily identified by the presence of endosperm, and the probability of contamination by the embryos originating from selfing among the presumptive haploid embryos in the non-emasculation method was very low. Twenty-seven Australian wheat cultivars were investigated for haploid production through wheat × maize crosses using the non-emasculation and spike culture methods. All of the 27 cultivars produced embryos after crossing with maize, with a mean efficiency of 33·1% (embryos/florets). Except for one cultivar, Tincurrin, plants were recovered from all of the cultivars (average of 61·5% including Tinccurin). This innovation of haploid production through wheat maize crosses is discussed.

Multiple branching stems in a hybrid between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and lymegrass Leymus mollis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. D. Koebner ◽  
P. K. Martin ◽  
K. Anamthawat-Jónsson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Epigenetic Effect ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Leymus Mollis

Hybrids have been produced between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) and lymegrass (Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilger), and these are vegetatively highly vigorous but sexually sterile. The plants are unusual for Triticeae in having both extensive intravaginal branching along the length of the stem and the ability to spontaneously develop aerial roots from the stem nodes. These morphological changes are probably genetically determined, since the phenotype was expressed in a number of independent hybrids grown in widely differing environments. It may, however, be an epigenetic effect, arising from the tissue culture period necessary for embryo rescue. As the hybrids are self-sterile, the character is useful as it allows for ready vegetative reproduction. Key words: wheat, Leymus, wide hybrid, branching stem, aerial roots.

Short communication. Trends in estimated optimum seeding date for winter wheat in the Atlantic Provinces

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103
Author(s):  
A. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Seeding Date

Bootsma, A. 2011.Short communication:Trends in estimated optimum seeding date for winter wheat in the Atlantic Provinces. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1101–1103. Seeding date is an important management factor affecting the performance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Atlantic region of Canada. In this study, decadal trends in estimated optimum seeding dates were estimated from air temperature in September and October at nine locations in the Atlantic region of Canada from as early as 1899. The optimum seeding period averaged over all locations was delayed by 8 d for the past 10 yr compared with earlier decadal periods. If the warming trend continues, producers will be able to seed winter wheat successfully at dates later than previously recommended.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Lime-amended acid soil has elevated pH 30 years later

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
H. Ukrainetz
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Lime-amended acid soil (a single application in 1963 at rates of 4.5 and 6.7 t ha−1) at Scott, Saskatchewan had pH of 0.5 and 1.1 units higher, respectively, than unlimed soil, when measured more than 30 yr later in 1994. However, no differences in soil-available phosphorus levels and crop yield were detected. Key words: Soil acidity, lime, phosphorus, Brassica rapa L., Triticum aestivum L.

scholarly journals In vitro anther culture as efficiently applied technique for doubled haploid production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Osama Kanbar ◽  
Csaba Lantos ◽  
Janos Pauk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Haploid Production

In vitro anther culture is the most commonly-used technology for doubled haploid production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and various cereals. The technology application allows the genetic attainment of homozygous pure lines from heterozygous breeding material in a single generation, and has become a rapid alternative to the conventional breeding methods. This technology also contributes to more accurately assess QTL × environmental interactions and has been applied in: genetic researches for marker-trait association study, genomics and as a target for transformation, genetic engineering, gene mapping, and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This paper reviews the most important factors that limit the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture, such as genotype dependency and albinism, in addition to other affecting factors including the collection time of tillers and physiological growth environments of plants. Factors that improve the efficiency of wheat anther culture in mitigating both genotypic dependency and albinism have been included in this review, too, for example, genetic improvements by following a strategy to realize this purpose through using responsive breeding material for crossing, application of convenient stress pre-treatments (cold pre-treatments, heat shock treatment, colchicine, hormones, and chemicals) to induce androgenesis, and improvement of the composition of anther culture media and culture conditions. We have also highlighted the methods of chromosome doubling for the haploid wheat produced by anther culture androgenesis, such as spontaneous chromosome doubling or use of colchicine and anti-mitotic chemicals at an early stage of anther culture or as root immersion treatment.

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