scholarly journals Alleles controlling apple skin colour and incompatibility in new Czech apple varieties with different degrees of resistance against Venturia inaequalis CKE.

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melounová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
J. Blažek ◽  
J. Zoufalá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
New Findings ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele

The skin colour of 21 varieties was assessed on a molecular level. Four varieties had yellow skin colour with the genotype constitution a<sup>1</sup>a<sup>1</sup>, a<sup>1</sup>a<sup>2</sup> or a<sup>2</sup>a<sup>2</sup>. Seventeen varieties had dominant red colour. Homozygous A<sup>1</sup>A<sup>1</sup> constitution was present in 7 varieties, and heterozygous constitution A<sup>1</sup>a<sup>1</sup> or A<sup>1</sup>a<sup>2</sup> was found in the rest of the assessed varieties. The S-alleles controlled the incompatibility system of the pistil. Their detection is possible by means of the PCR method on the basis of allele specific primers. Six S-alleles (S1, S2, S3, S5, S7 and S9) were studied in the same collection of 21&nbsp;diploid Czech varieties. This paper brings new findings on S-allele characterization, because the Czech varieties have not yet been studied on a molecular level. Both types of S-allele were found in 12 varieties. Only one type of S-allele was described in 9 varieties. Simultaneously, the presence of the Vf gene was screened in the collection of 21&nbsp;Czech apple varieties. Ten varieties with a field resistance against the scab had a heterozygous constitution of the Vf gene. All 11 susceptible varieties were recessive homozygous vfvf.

scholarly journals The variability of Venturia inaequalis CKE. races in the Czech republic and the accumulation of resistance genes in apple germplasm

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melounová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
P. Sedlák ◽  
A. Reznerová ◽  
M. Tesařová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Vf Gene ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

The growing of resistant apple varieties against the scab, impacts the Venturia inaequalis CKE. races development that can overcome the resistance. For this reason the main breeders object is to cumulate the different genetic mechanisms of resistance against this disease. Presented in this paper is the first genetic study of monosporic isolates in the Czech Republic. By means of RAPD and UPGMA methods which characterised the variability of 10 monosporic isolates from different localities and apple varieties. The monosporic isolate derived from the resistant genotype (Vf gene) proved a 79% genetic similarity with the isolate derived from sensitive variety Top Red. The genetic similarity of other isolates did not prove the dependence either on a locality or a host variety. The Vf and Vm genes accumulation in apple germplasm by means of specific PCR markers was studied. It was confirmed that Vf gene donors are always heterozygous. Concurrently it was statistically confirmed that the donor of Vm gene (OR-45-T-132) is heterozygous, too. The accumulation of Vf and Vm major genes against the scab was validated in 25% of seedlings of the cross. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kivistik ◽  
Liina Jakobson ◽  
Kersti Kahu ◽  
Kristiina Laanemets
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

AbstractThe pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S17, which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S17-allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S6|S17), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S17-allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S3|S17, S4|S17, S5|S17, and S6|S17, respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S17.

ASSESSMENT OF INITIAL MATERIAL OF AN APPLE TREE GENE POOL TO SCAB RESISTANCE

1970 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
N. G. Krasova ◽  
А. V. Pikunova ◽  
А. M. Galasheva
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Monogenic Resistance ◽  
New Varieties

Apple (Malus. Mill.) germplasm has been studied for resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis (Ske.) in the Central Russia at VNIISPK (Russian Research institute for Fruit Crop Breeding) for many years. Apple varieties with high field resistance to scab have been identified. Variety screening for DNA markers linked to genes of resistance made it possible to find among the new varieties of VNIISPK breeding digenic ones (Vf and Vm – Poezia, Va1 and Vf –Svezhest, Vm and Va1 – Zarianka, Patriot and Sokovinka) as well as sources of Vh2 (Reka) and Va1 (Antonovka Krasnobochka, Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Patriot, Orlik, Zarianka, Bessemianka Michurinskaya, Svezhest and Sokovinka). The genotyping confirmed the Vm presence in Zarianka, Orlovim, Patriot, Sokovinka and Chistotel and the Vf presence in Afrodita, Veniaminovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Zdorovie, Imrus, Rozhdestvenskoye, Svezhest, Solnyshko, Stroevskoye and Yubilar. Apple varieties that combine polygenic and monogenic resistance to scab – Imrus, Zdorovie and Svezhest are of great interest for practical use. The involvement of new sources of resistance will allow developing varieties with long-term resistance to scab.

scholarly journals Update on and Review of the Incompatibility (S-) Genotypes of Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Broothaerts ◽  
Ilse Van Nerum ◽  
Johan Keulemans
Keyword(s):  
Identification System ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

Apple cultivars display a self-incompatibility system that restricts self-fertilization and fertilization between cultivars bearing identical S-alleles. There has been considerable progress in identification of S-alleles in apple in recent years and methods are now available for the accurate S-genotyping of cultivars. Following a recently revised numerical identification system for apple S-alleles, we present the first extensive compilation of apple cultivars with their S-genotypes. This list contains data from our own investigations using S-allele-specific PCR methodology, including a number of new data, as well as published data from various other sources. Eighteen different S-alleles are discriminated, which allowed the determination of the S-genotypes for 150 diploid or triploid European, American, and Japanese cultivars. Many of these cultivars are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. Also included are a number of old, obsolete cultivars and a few nondomestic genotypes. We observed a wide variation in the frequency of S-alleles in the apple germplasm. Three S-alleles (S2, S3, and S9) are very common in the cultivars evaluated, presumably as a result of the widespread use of the same breeding parents, and seven alleles are very rare (S4, S6, S8, S16, S22, S23, S26).

scholarly journals Combined Analysis of S-Alleles in European Pear by Pollinations and PCR-based S-Genotyping; Correlation between S-Phenotypes and S-RNase Genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanzol ◽  
Timothy P. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Consensus Primers ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

Pollen–pistil incompatibility in european pear (Pyrus communis L.) compromises adequate orchard pollination and fruit set and restricts cross-fertility between cultivars suitable as parents in breeding programs. Genetic control is simple, with a single locus expressed gametophytically in pollen controlling the rejection of the pollen tube in the style. Semicompatible pollination arises when only one allele of a pollen parent matches the pistil. Semicompatible test-crosses using partially S-genotyped european pear cultivars allowed the discrimination of 14 S-alleles (S1 to S14) at the phenotypic level and the assignment of 33 cultivars to 13 incompatibility groups. Partial genomic sequences of the S-RNase gene, spanning between the C1 and C5 conserved regions, were obtained for each new S-allele identified (S6 to S14). These sequences and those reported previously for the S1 to S5 RNases allowed a set of consensus primers amplifying all 14 S-RNase alleles to be designed. Allele-specific PCR allowed discrimination between those S-RNases giving amplification products of similar size with consensus primers. These two approaches provided a method for the molecular identification of all 14 S-alleles in european pear. With this methodology, we demonstrate that the S-RNase genotypes inferred from PCR exactly matches the S-phenotypes deduced from test-crosses. Comparison of the sequences obtained with those of S-RNases already published allowed us to relate S-alleles between studies. This will allow the prediction of cross-incompatibility among an even larger number of european pear cultivars.

scholarly journals Determining the Self-incompatibility Alleles of Japanese Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1258-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Sakurai ◽  
Susan K. Brown ◽  
Norman F. Weeden
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
S Allele

The S alleles of 15 Japanese apple cultivars were determined by using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme digestion system developed by Janssens et al. (1995). Both S alleles were identified in eight diploid cultivars, two S alleles in three triploid cultivars, and one S allele in the remaining four diploid cultivars. Two cultivars had S alleles different than those predicted by their parentage, and in one comparison of a cultivar with its sport, an identity problem was discovered. The technique helped to indicate the parent contributing the unreduced gamete in triploids.

scholarly journals A small asparagine-rich protein required for S-allele-specific pollen rejection in Nicotiana

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (23) ◽  
pp. 13548-13553 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McClure ◽  
B. Mou ◽  
S. Canevascini ◽  
R. Bernatzky
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Rejection ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document