scholarly journals Effect of microclimate on the airborne dust and endotoxin concentration in a broiler house

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vučemilo ◽  
K. Matković ◽  
B. Vinković ◽  
J. Macan ◽  
V.M. Varnai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
Endotoxin Concentration ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Broiler House ◽  
Poultry Farming

Poultry farming is considered to be a notable source of bioaerosols. They can be a risk factor from the aspect of some diseases and for the environment. A study was conducted to assess the effect of microclimate on the level of airborne dust and endotoxins in an intensive broiler fattening facility. The content of airborne dust, endotoxins, air temperature, relative humidity, airflow velocity, ammonia and carbon dioxide were determined. The study was conducted in a poultry house accommodating 22 000 broilers of Ross-308 breed. The measured temperature in the broiler house ranged from 22.02°C to 31.05°C, relative humidity from 49.55% to 65.45%, and airflow velocity from 0.07 m/s to 0.09 m/s. The air concentration of dust ranged from 2.0 mg/m<sup>3</sup> at the end of fattening period to 4.9 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in the mid-fattening period, and endotoxins from 6.21 EU/m<sup>3</sup> in the second study week to 99.40 EU/m<sup>3</sup> at the end of fattening period. The air concentration of ammonia ranged from 5.17 ppm at the beginning to 25.49 ppm at the end of fattening period. Air concentrations of dust and endotoxins recorded in this poultry house varied during the fattening period and depended on relative humidity and temperature as demonstrated by multiple regression at the level of <I>P</I> ≤ 0.05.

scholarly journals The effect of animal age on air pollutant concentration in a broiler house

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vučemilo ◽  
K. Matković ◽  
B. Vinković ◽  
S. Jakšić ◽  
K. Granić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Airborne Contamination ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Broiler House ◽  
Continental Climate

The results of a study assessing the level of airborne contamination in intensive broiler breeding facilities are presented. The content of corpuscular particulates of various origin (dust, bacteria, fungi), ammonia and carbon dioxide was determined. The investigations were conducted in a poultry house on a family farm in the area of moderate continental climate during spring 2006. The air concentration of bacteria ranged from 1.7 &times; 104 to 2.2 &times; 105 cfu/m<sup>3</sup>, of fungi from 9.8 &times; 10<sup>3</sup> to 8.5 &times; 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/m<sup>3</sup>, of dust from 1.8 to 4.8 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, and of ammonia from 4 to 27.47 ppm. Total dust and fungi concentrations measured at the end of fattening period were almost identical to the initial ones, whereas the concentrations of bacteria and ammonia showed a sinusoidal rise from the beginning to the end of fattening period. In general, the analyzed air pollutants reached relatively high levels in the mid-fattening period and also show significant differentiation between fattening periods as demonstrated by <i>t</i>-test yielding statistical significance at a level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.

Effect of partially wet-surface condition on the performance of fin-tube heat exchanger

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 3938-3958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdolkarim Payambarpour ◽  
Mohammad Alhuyi Nazari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Ali J. Chamkha
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Wet Surface

Purpose This study aims to investigate heat and mass transfer in a one-row heat exchanger. The required equations are obtained based on two-dimensional model analysis in a cell of the heat exchanger. By using finite difference approach, the obtained equations are solved to determine distribution of temperature and the efficiency of the heat exchanger in the case of partially wet surface. In this research, Lewis Number as unity and water vapor saturation as parabolic are assumed. Obtained results show that increase in thermal conductivity fin leads to decreasing thermal resistance; therefore, temperature changes in radial from center to out of fin are reduced and efficiency of fin increases. Design/methodology/approach In this regard, fin material plays a significant role in fin efficiency. Changes in airflow also result in an efficiency increase by temperature and relative humidity, and efficiency is decreased by airflow velocity increase, and these changes are almost linear. Moreover, the fins with more wet surface are more sensitive to changes in fin dimensions and air flow characteristics, and it is a result of conjugate heat transfer mechanism, in which latent heat transfer in the fins with more wet surface has a significant role. Findings Thermal property and geometry of the fin under wet conditions play a more important role than the fin under dry conditions. Changes in airflow result in an efficiency increase by temperature and relative humidity, and efficiency is decreased by airflow velocity increase, and these changes are almost linear. Fins with more wet surface are more sensitive to changes in fin dimensions and air flow characteristics. Originality/value Effects of the temperature of water supply and mass flow rate were considered in the study. The results had good agreement with actual data.

Modeling Frost Growth for Subcooled Tube-Array Configurations

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yadav ◽  
C. G. Moon ◽  
K. Kant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Frost Growth

Methodology for predicting frost growth trends on a subcooled cylindrical surface is developed and implemented for multitube array configuration. Extension of conventional analysis and a novel technique for understanding frost formation phenomenon on the cylindrical surfaces is proposed; later one takes into account the nonsteady temperature field, which affects the density and thermal conductivity at a local level in the growing frost mass, for more accurate prediction of thermal resistance. The influence of migration of liquid water due to tortuosity effect is also considered. The results due to new model are found to be in good agreement with the data in the open literature. Data for frost thickness ratio (FTR) versus time for a section of array with four (tube) rows in the airstream are presented and thoroughly analyzed. The trends of FTR noted are complex and considerably dependent on the tube location, temperature of subcooled surface (Ts), airflow velocity (Ua), and the relative humidity (RHa) values. Approximate ranges for important parameters are −30≤Ts≤−5.0°C, 1.0≤Ua≤5.0 m/s, and 0.20≤RHa≤0.80. Presented analysis and the results are valuable in order to predict probable locations and precursors to partial or complete choking of airflow passages due to frost deposition in the evaporator coils.

scholarly journals Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Leather and Influence of Air Temperature and Humidity

Tekstilec ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Ilda Kazani ◽  
◽  
Majlinda Hylli ◽  
Pellumb Berberi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Smart Products ◽  
Wide Range

Leather is a material that has been used in different applications for centuries. Today, living in the era of high-tech¬nology, we are surrounded by smart products. For this reason, traditional products must be changed or im¬proved in order to support and make us more comfortable while using them. For instance, the touch screen display in electronics products is a smart phone’s or a tablet computer’s primary input device. Still, traditional leather will not function properly in a cold climate or other specific conditions. To make it conductive in such conditions, the double in-situ polymerization of the pyrrole coating method was used. The aim of this study was to observe the electrical properties of conductive leather. At the same time, it stands up to a wide range of different air temperatures, and relative and absolute humidity. These properties are essential because de¬signers and textile engineers should be familiar with them when they decide to use materials in different smart products. Electricity conductivity tests were carried out in year-round temperatures from 7.5 °C to 28.1 °C, with a relative humidity from 18% to 77% and a vapor air concentration from 2.77 g/kg to 12.46 g/kg. The so-called “multiple-step method” was used to test leather’s electrical resistivity for the first time. The method considers a material’s compressional properties and provides an indicator inherent for a material’s electrical properties, regardless of the mass and shape of samples. The results showed a strong dependence between water vapor air concentration and electrical resistivity, described using the formula ρ = 1.3103 H−1.04 Ωm, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87. There was no relation between relative humidity and electrical resistivity, and resistivity and air temperature. Also, the results confirmed again that changes in the shape of the sample used during tests did not influence the measurement’s results, but supported the appropriateness of the measuring method.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF PROPOLIS TINCTURE TO PREVENT INFECTIONS OF BROILERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
S. B. Lysko ◽  
A. V. Portianko ◽  
M. V. Zadorozhnaya ◽  
A. P. Krasikov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Industrial Experiment ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Poultry Farming

Scientific and industrial experiment was carried out at the poultry farming on Ross308 broilers. The authors explored various schemes of application of propolis tincture for pre venting respiratory infection of poultry of bacterial etiology. The researchers arranged a control group and two experimental groups according to the principle of analogues. The groups were placed in separate isolated poultry houses. Chickens of the control group were fed with antibiotic Tilmipool (0.3 ml/l of water) aged 1-3; 14-16; 25-27 days; their poultry house was sprayed with Ecocide C (0.5%, 1 l/100 m3, exposure 60 min) on 1, 7, 14, 21-22, 28-29, 35-36 days of their life. In the 1st group the antibiotic was applied as it was in the control group; aerosol treatment was conducted with propolis tincture (dilution 1:20, 0.5 l/100 m3, exposure 60 min) during the same age periods. In the 2nd group, propolis tincture (1 ml/l of water) was applied for broilers aged 1-5; 14-18; 25-30 days combined with aerosol treatment of propolis tincture air (dilution 1:20, 0.5 l/ 100 m3, exposure 60 min) for 1, 7, 14, 21-22, 28-29, 35-36 days of their life. The most effective way to prevent respiratory diseases of poultry is seen in application of propolis tincture according to the scheme used in the experiment with the 2nd group. The scheme reduces the number of pathogenic, relatively pathogenic microorganisms in the scrapes from the laryngeal mucous membrane and in the air of the poultry house, activates the immune system and metabolism of poultry, increases livability on 3.0% and live weight on 342.7 g, which eliminates application of antibiotics for preventive measures, providing environmentally safe products of poultry farming.

DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE AVES DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES MUNICÍPIOS DO RS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Poultry Farming

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico bioclimático para a produção de aves de corte em diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes ao período compreendido entre 1961 e 1990, disponíveis no site do INMET, para os municípios de: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guaporé, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, São Gabriel e Uruguaiana. Os valores do Índice de Umidade e Temperatura (ITU) para avicultura de corte foram calculados através da equação proposta por Bunffington et al. (1982). Os resultados demonstram que nas três primeiras semanas de vida dos animais, prevalece o ITU inferior ao de conforto, já a partir da terceira semana, prevalece o ITU superior ao de conforto. Na média dos municípios, o ITU fica na faixa de conforto durante quatro meses do ano para a criação de aves com uma, duas, três e seis semanas de vida e, cinco meses do ano para a criação de aves com quatro e cinco semanas de vida. Assim, o presente diagnóstico indica, para o RS, a necessidade de modificações no ambiente de criação, tanto de aquecimento quanto de resfriamento, para atender as das aves de corte em diferentes idades.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Índice de Temperatura e Umidade; Avicultura; Ambiência. BIOCLIMATIC DIAGNOSIS FOR BROILERS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT RIO GRANDE DO SUL MUNICIPALITIESABSTRACT: This study aimed the bioclimatic diagnosis of broilers  production in different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. For this  average temperature compensated  (TMC) and offset relative humidity (URC) INMET data  from 1961 to 1990 were used. from the following municipalities: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guapore, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, Sao Gabriel, and Uruguaiana. The values of Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) for poultry production were calculated using the equation proposed by Bunffington (1977). The results demonstrate that in the first three weeks of life of the animals, the prevailing ITU lower than comfort, as from the third week, reigns ITU higher than comfort. The average of the municipalities, the ITU is the comfort range for four months of the year for rearing birds with one, two, three and six weeks of life, and five months for poultry with four and five weeks life. Thus, the present diagnostic indicates to the RS, the need for changes in the environment, either as heating cooling, to meet as the broilers of cut at different ages.KEYWORDS: Temperature and Humidity Index; Poultry farming; Ambience.

Moisture Content of Green Wood in High Temperature Water Vapor

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kubojima ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
M. Tonosaki ◽  
A. Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
High Temperature Water ◽  
Pressure Equilibrium ◽  
Accelerated Stress Test ◽  
Temperature Water

Summary Changes in the moisture content of green sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) during heating in environments of over 100°C and 1 atm were measured. Temperature and weight were measured in a highly accelerated stress test (HAST) chamber. The set temperature and relative humidity ranges were 107–160°C and 75–99%, respectively. The change in the temperature of a specimen was roughly divided into 4 steps. Equilibrium moisture contents at lower temperatures and pressures were similar to previous estimates, while at higher temperatures and pressures they were higher than previous results. A diagram of temperature–relative humidity–pressure–equilibrium moisture content in the range of 105–160°C, 75–99% RH and 0.02–0.39 MPa was obtained experimentally.

Effect of a Filter Cover on Temperature and Humidity in a Mouse Cage

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Simmons ◽  
D. M. Robie ◽  
J. B. Jones ◽  
L. J. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fibrous Filter ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heat And Moisture

To determine how a filter cap affects the heat and moisture build-up in a mouse cage, and how that build-up is affected by ambient conditions of temperature and relative humidity, 50 adult female mice were housed 10 per cage in polycarbonate cages, which were covered with a fibrous filter and sealed with a neoprene gasket and hold-down rod. The cages were placed in a chamber which controlled ambient temperature and humidity. Observations were made at 1°F intervals of temperature (68–74°F, 19.9–23.3°C) and at three different relative humidities (40, 55, and 70 per cent). Every 24 hours the chamber conditions were changed, and cages, bedding, water, filter caps, and food were replaced. Three sensors suspended just under the filter cover measured temperature and humidity and transmitted the data to a recorder. The first reading was taken after a 3-hour equilibraiion period, then every 3 hours until the next day's change. By measuring the average temperature and humidity, it was possible to study the differences between cage and ambient conditions. At 68°F (19.9°C) and 40 per cent relative humidity, the mean conditions in the cages were 72°F (22.2°C) and 50 per cent; at the upper limit of 74°F (23.3 °C) and 70 per cent, the mean cage conditions were 78°F (25.5°C) and 75 per cent.

scholarly journals Novel Proposal for Prediction of CO2 Course and Occupancy Recognition in Intelligent Buildings within IoT

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vanus ◽  
Ojan M. Gorjani ◽  
Petr Bilik
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Lms Algorithm ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Adaptive Filtration ◽  
Ibm Watson

Many direct and indirect methods, processes, and sensors available on the market today are used to monitor the occupancy of selected Intelligent Building (IB) premises and the living activities of IB residents. By recognizing the occupancy of individual spaces in IB, IB can be optimally automated in conjunction with energy savings. This article proposes a novel method of indirect occupancy monitoring using CO2, temperature, and relative humidity measured by means of standard operating measurements using the KNX (Konnex (standard EN 50090, ISO/IEC 14543)) technology to monitor laboratory room occupancy in an intelligent building within the Internet of Things (IoT). The article further describes the design and creation of a Software (SW) tool for ensuring connectivity of the KNX technology and the IoT IBM Watson platform in real-time for storing and visualization of the values measured using a Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol and data storage into a CouchDB type database. As part of the proposed occupancy determination method, the prediction of the course of CO2 concentration from the measured temperature and relative humidity values were performed using mathematical methods of Linear Regression, Neural Networks, and Random Tree (using IBM SPSS Modeler) with an accuracy higher than 90%. To increase the accuracy of the prediction, the application of suppression of additive noise from the CO2 signal predicted by CO2 using the Least mean squares (LMS) algorithm in adaptive filtering (AF) method was used within the newly designed method. In selected experiments, the prediction accuracy with LMS adaptive filtration was better than 95%.

(22) NILSSON, C. (1982). Dust investigations in pig houses. Swedish Uni­ versity of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Farm Buildings, Di-vison of Farm Building Constructions, Lund. Rapport 25, pp 93. (23) HILLIGER, H.G. (1966). Gravimetrische Staubmessungen in Stallen. Zbl. Vet. Med. B, 13, 698-708. (24) PALOHEIMO, L.T1969). Weender Analyse. In: W. LEMKEIT, K. BREIREM and E. GRASSMANN (Hrsg.). Handbuch der Tierernahrung, Bd. 1, S.164-171, Verlag Parey, Berlin, Hamburg. (25) HELEN, M. (1984). Einige Ursachen fUr die Variationen der Staubkon-zentration im Mastschweinestal1. In: Symposium der Internationalen Gesellschaft fUr Tierhygiene, Hrsg.: Deutsche Veterinarmedizinische GeselIschaft, 28-30. (26) NAKAUE, H.S., J.K. KOELLIKER, D.R. BUHLER and G.H. ARSCOTT (1981). Distribution of inorganic elements in poultry house dust. Poultry Sci. 60, 1386-1391. (27) CERMAK, J.P. and P.A. ROSS (1978). Airborne dust concentrations as­ sociated with animal housing tasks. Farm Buildg. Progr. 5J_, 11-15. (28) BUNDY, D.S. and E.T. HAZEN (1975). Dust levels in swine confinement systems associated with different feeding methods. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Eng. J8, 137-139. (29) SCHAEFER, J., J.M.H. BEMELMANS and M.C. Ten NOEVER DE BRAUW (1974). Onderzoek naar de voor de stank van varkensmesterijen verantwoordi-lijke componenten. Landbouwkund. Tijdschr., pt 86-9, 228-232. (30) HAMMOND, E.G., C. FEDLER and G. JUNK (1979). Identification of dust-borne odors in swine confinement facilities. Trans. ASAE 22, No. 5, 1186-1189 & 1192. (31) TRAVIS, T.A. and L.F. ELLIOTT (1977). Quantitation of indole and scatole in a housed swine unit. J. Environ. Qual. 6 (34) HARTUNG, J. (1985). Gas chromatographic investigations of swine house dust on odorous compounds. Environmental Technology Letters 6, 21-30. (35) SPOELSTRA, S.F. (1978). Microbial aspects of the formation of malo­ dorous compounds in anaerobically stored piggery wastes. Wageningen, Landbouwhogeschool, Diss., pp. 91. (36) SCHAEFER, J. (1977). Sampling, characterization and analysis of mal-odours. Agric. Environm. 3, 121-127. (37) HARTUNG, J. and E. R0KICK.T (1984). Zum Vorkommen phenol art iger Ver-bindungen im Staub von Schweine- und HUhnerstall. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. B, J_79, 431-439. (38) LOGTENBERG, M.Th. and B. STORK (1976). Het ontwikkelen van meetme-thoden voor het bepalen van de stank van ventilatielucht van mest-varkensstallen.Rapport de Centraal Technisch Instituut TNO, Zeist/ Holland. Ref.no: 76-06 054, Dossier: 01-4-40130. (39) WILLSON, G.B. (1971). Control of odours from poultry houses. ASAE Symp. Livestock Waste Management, Columbus/Ohio, 19.-22.4.1971. (40) HAMMOND, E.G., C. FEDLER and R.J. SMITH (1981). Analysis of particle -borne swine house odours. Agric. and Environment 6, 395-399. (41) OWEN, J.E. (1982b). Dust - Filtration solutions an? their cost. Farm Building Progress 68, 19-23.

1986 ◽  
pp. 340-340
Keyword(s):  
House Dust ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
Swine Confinement ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Livestock Waste Management ◽  
Swine House ◽  
Farm Buildings
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