scholarly journals Structure of coarse woody debris in Lange-Leitn Natural Forest Reserve, Austria

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rahman M ◽  
G. Frank ◽  
H. Ruprecht ◽  
H. Vacik
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Variation

The amount, variability and quality of coarse woody debris (CWD) in an oak-dominated natural forest reserve in Austria were studied in 2006. The average volume of CWD (snags and logs) was 107.3 m<sup>3</sup>/ha, which accounted for 39% of the total living volume. Among the CWD, on average, 23.4 m<sup>3</sup>/ha (22%) were snags and 83.9 m<sup>3</sup>/ha (78%) were logs. According to quality aspects the CWD displayed a wide range of variation in tree species, tree size, stage of decay, and structural characteristics, creating a high diversity of CWD habitats for microorganisms. Among the three forest associations, the highest amount of CWD was found in the mesic <I>Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum</I> association. The results of this study are discussed as reference values for a close-to-nature management of oak-dominated broadleaved submontane forests emphasizing conservation management.

scholarly journals Biomass of Coarse Woody Debris Following Fire and Clearcutting in Lodgepole Pine Forests

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of mineral soil organic matter. Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, and make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes much of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Epixylic vegetation abundance, diversity, and composition vary with coarse woody debris decay class and substrate species in boreal forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas ◽  
Chander Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Wide Range

Although the importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) to understory species diversity has been recognized, the combined effects of CWD decay and substrate species on abundance and species diversity of epixylic vegetation have received little attention. We sampled a wide range of CWD substrate species and decay classes, as well as forest floors in fire-origin boreal forest stands. Percent cover, species richness, and evenness of epixylic vegetation differed significantly with both CWD decay class and substrate species. Trends in cover, species richness, and evenness differed significantly between nonvascular and vascular taxa. Cover, species richness, and species evenness of nonvascular species were higher on CWD, whereas those of vascular plants were higher on the forest floor. Epixylic species composition also varied significantly with stand ages, overstory compositions, decay classes, substrate species, and their interactions. Our findings highlight strong interactive influences of decay class and substrate species on epixylic plant communities and suggest that conservation of epixylic diversity would require forest managers to maintain a diverse range of CWD decay classes and substrate species. Because stand development and overstory compositions influence CWD decay classes and substrate species, as well as colonization time and environmental conditions in the understory, our results indicate that managed boreal landscapes should consist of a mosaic of different successional stages and a broad suite of overstory types to support diverse understory plant communities.

scholarly journals Ultrasound enhancement of osmotic dehydration and drying – Process kinetics and quality aspects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Musielak
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Process Kinetics ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Osmotic Agents ◽  
Ultrasound Enhancement

The aim of presented studies is to investigate of influence of ultrasonic assistance on both osmotic dehydration and convective drying. A wide range of different materials, as well as several osmotic agents were tested. The obtained results show that the use of ultrasound always accelerates the investigated processes. The application of ultrasound may reduce the energy consumption of drying. Qualitative studies of dried materials do not give a definite answer about the effect of ultrasound on the quality of the products. Mathematical modelling of the ultrasound assisted drying indicates that so named “vibration effect” plays the biggest role in convective drying acceleration. Keywords: osmotic dehydration; convective drying;  ultrasound; process kinetics.

Decay rates of above- and below-ground coarse woody debris of common tree species in New Zealand’s natural forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta G. Garrett ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Graeme R. Oliver ◽  
Mallory Parks ◽  
Stephen H. Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Common Tree

Controlling coarse woody debris inventory quality: taper and relative size methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Woodall ◽  
J. A. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Outlier Identification ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Identification Technique

Accurately measuring the dimensions of coarse woody debris (CWD) is critical for ensuring the quality of CWD estimates and, hence, for accurately estimating forest ecosystem attributes (e.g., CWD carbon stocks). To improve the quality of CWD dimensional measurements, the distribution of taper (ratio of change in diameter and length) and relative size (RS; ratio of length and large-end diameter) of CWD pieces across the US were examined. Additionally, an outlier identification technique was developed by predicting the median and interquartile range of taper and RS as a function of large-end diameter, length, and decay class by major species group. The median CWD taper and RS across the US were 1.268 cm/m and 0.280 m/cm, respectively, with notable outliers. The taper and RS outlier identification protocol rapidly identified nearly 3% of study observations as outliers. Incorporation of CWD taper and RS outlier identification protocols into field data recorders may allow efficient control of measurement errors during field inventories.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fire on Coarse Woody Debris in Rocky Mountain Coniferous Forests

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of this organic matter. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, which make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes most of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

Detection and Quantification of Coarse Woody Debris in Natural Forest Stands Using Airborne LiDAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas R Jarron ◽  
Nicholas C Coops ◽  
William H MacKenzie ◽  
Pamela Dykstra
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Linear Pattern

Abstract Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a meaningful contributor to forest carbon cycles, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity and can influence wildfire behavior. Using airborne laser scanning (ALS), we map CWD across a range of natural forest stand types in north-central British Columbia, Canada, providing forest managers with spatially detailed information on the presence and volume of ground-level woody biomass. We describe a novel methodology that isolates CWD returns from large diameter logs (&gt;30cm) using a refined grounding algorithm, a mixture of height and pulse-based filters and linear pattern recognition, to transform ALS returns into measurable, vectorized shapes. We then assess the accuracy of CWD detection at the individual log level and predict CWD volume at the plot level. We detected 64% of CWD logs and 79% of CWD volume within our plots. Increased elevation of CWD significantly aided detection (P = 0.04), whereas advanced stages of decay hindered detection (P = 0.04). ALS-predicted CWD volume totals were compared against field-measured CWD and displayed a strong correlation (R = 0.81), allowing us to expand the methodology to map CWD over a larger region. The expanded CWD volume map compared ALS volume predictions between stands and suggests greater volume in stands with older and more heterogeneous stand structure. Study Implications A methodology is presented to extract returns associated with large diameter coarse woody debris (CWD) directly from an ALS point cloud. These returns are transformed into measurable shapes and their volume estimated based on the height of the returns. The procedure is implemented over a large forested area to produce a map of local CWD volume. Production of these maps can be used to generate inventory of CWD over a range of natural forest stands to support a more well-rounded understanding of carbon levels associated with downed trees, wildlife habitat attributes, and fuel loading in the terrestrial biosphere.

Estimating the quantity and quality of coarse woody debris in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem from fusion of SAR and optical data

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1926-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Huang ◽  
Robert L. Crabtree ◽  
Christopher Potter ◽  
Peggy Gross
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Optical Data
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