Controlling coarse woody debris inventory quality: taper and relative size methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Woodall ◽  
J. A. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Outlier Identification ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Identification Technique

Accurately measuring the dimensions of coarse woody debris (CWD) is critical for ensuring the quality of CWD estimates and, hence, for accurately estimating forest ecosystem attributes (e.g., CWD carbon stocks). To improve the quality of CWD dimensional measurements, the distribution of taper (ratio of change in diameter and length) and relative size (RS; ratio of length and large-end diameter) of CWD pieces across the US were examined. Additionally, an outlier identification technique was developed by predicting the median and interquartile range of taper and RS as a function of large-end diameter, length, and decay class by major species group. The median CWD taper and RS across the US were 1.268 cm/m and 0.280 m/cm, respectively, with notable outliers. The taper and RS outlier identification protocol rapidly identified nearly 3% of study observations as outliers. Incorporation of CWD taper and RS outlier identification protocols into field data recorders may allow efficient control of measurement errors during field inventories.

scholarly journals Biomass of Coarse Woody Debris Following Fire and Clearcutting in Lodgepole Pine Forests

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of mineral soil organic matter. Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, and make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes much of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fire on Coarse Woody Debris in Rocky Mountain Coniferous Forests

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of this organic matter. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, which make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes most of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

Estimating the quantity and quality of coarse woody debris in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem from fusion of SAR and optical data

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1926-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Huang ◽  
Robert L. Crabtree ◽  
Christopher Potter ◽  
Peggy Gross
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Optical Data

scholarly journals Structure of coarse woody debris in Lange-Leitn Natural Forest Reserve, Austria

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rahman M ◽  
G. Frank ◽  
H. Ruprecht ◽  
H. Vacik
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Variation

The amount, variability and quality of coarse woody debris (CWD) in an oak-dominated natural forest reserve in Austria were studied in 2006. The average volume of CWD (snags and logs) was 107.3 m<sup>3</sup>/ha, which accounted for 39% of the total living volume. Among the CWD, on average, 23.4 m<sup>3</sup>/ha (22%) were snags and 83.9 m<sup>3</sup>/ha (78%) were logs. According to quality aspects the CWD displayed a wide range of variation in tree species, tree size, stage of decay, and structural characteristics, creating a high diversity of CWD habitats for microorganisms. Among the three forest associations, the highest amount of CWD was found in the mesic <I>Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum</I> association. The results of this study are discussed as reference values for a close-to-nature management of oak-dominated broadleaved submontane forests emphasizing conservation management.

scholarly journals Uncertainty of measurement -Important parameter for product conformity assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gina Mihaela SICOE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Vickers Hardness Measurement

The measurements are widely used to ensure the quality of products. It is known that the measurement process is influenced by many factors which lead to measurement errors. The uncertainty of measurement is an essential parameter because the expression of the results accompanied by uncertainty offers more confidence in the results. The research presented in this article focuses on methods forcalculating uncertainty and explaining the rules for making decisions when we use uncertainty. Two case studies are presented, one for dimensional measurements and the other for the estimation of the uncertainty of Vickers hardness measurement for one material, steel OLC15, in order to establish the relevance of the results and quality assessment. The results obtained on several measurements and the uncertainties of measurement associated are presented in the article and a discussion of the results is undertaken.

Feasibility and Clinical Implications of Remotely Guided Ultrasound Examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Quinn Dufurrena ◽  
Kazi Imran Ullah ◽  
Erin Taub ◽  
Connor Leszczuk ◽  
Sahar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities ◽  
Wall Motion Abnormalities

BACKGROUND: Remotely guided ultrasound (US) examinations carried out by nonmedical personnel (novices) have been shown to produce clinically useful examinations, at least in small pilot studies. Comparison of the quality of such exams to those carried out by trained medical professionals is lacking in the literature. This study compared the objective quality and clinical utility of cardiac and pulmonary US examinations carried out by novices and trained physicians.METHODS: Cardiac and pulmonary US examinations were carried out by novices under remote guidance by an US expert and independently by US trained physicians. Exams were blindly evaluated by US experts for both a task-based objective score as well as a subjective assessment of clinical utility.RESULTS: Participating in the study were 16 novices and 9 physicians. Novices took longer to complete the US exams (median 641.5 s vs. 256 s). For the objective component, novices scored higher in exams evaluating for pneumothorax (100% vs. 87.5%). For the subjective component, novices more often obtained clinically useful exams in the assessment of cardiac regional wall motion abnormalities (56.3% vs. 11.1%). No other comparisons yielded statistically significant differences between the two groups. Both groups had generally higher scores for pulmonary examinations compared to cardiac. There was variability in the quality of exams carried out by novices depending on their expert guide.CONCLUSION: Remotely guided novices are able to carry out cardiac and pulmonary US examinations with similar, if not better, technical proficiency and clinical utility as US trained physicians, though they take longer to do so.Dufurrena Q, Ullah KI, Taub E, Leszczuk C, Ahmad S. Feasibility and clinical implications of remotely guided ultrasound examinations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):592–596.

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