scholarly journals The impact of juvenile tree species canopy on properties of new forest floor

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kacálek ◽  
D. Dušek ◽  
J. Novák ◽  
J. Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
New Forest ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
The Impact

To keep forest soils fertile, forest practitioners plant mixed stands that are composed of both economically efficient trees such as conifers and soil-improving broadleaves. This is a mandated practice in the Czech Republic. As the new forest grows, it creates a dense canopy. The canopy is a principal source of organic matter to the forest soil. The formation of new forest humus is particularly important in first-generation forests on the former agricultural soil. Former meadow is a suitable site for forest floor and soil investigation since forest-floor humus covering the surface of the soil is a completely new layer.&nbsp; Both pure evergreen conifer and mixed treatments were planted in 2001. The experimental plot was established in order to investigate performance of tree species and restoration of forest-site conditions. We sampled dead-plant material and 0&ndash;10 cm topsoil to investigate their properties under the 10-year-old stands. We compared the treatments by descriptive statistics using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Dry mass (medians of weight) varied among the treatments from 11 to 19 Mg&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>. The forest floor nutrient concentrations appeared to be dependent on the presence of admixed deciduous tree species (sycamore maple, small-leaved linden and European larch) as these forest floors (EL1, EL2, NS3, SM) were higher in base cations and phosphorus compared to pure spruce (NS1, NS2) and pure Douglas fir (DF) treatments. The first axis of PCA ordination plot revealed 45% of total variability and showed a clear distinction between evergreen coniferous and mixed species treatments. Young plantations produced forest floors of different quality; however it was not reflected in the topsoil properties. &nbsp;

Current state and resilience of three main tree species in southern Germany with regard to drier and hotter weather conditions over the past 50 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Debel ◽  
Achim Bräuning
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

&lt;p&gt;Latest drought events and their already visible damage to trees highlight the crucial need to assess the current state and resilience of forest ecosystems in southern Germany. However, commonly applied dendroclimatic approaches rarely take into account, how weather patterns affecting trees are modified by topographic conditions. For this purpose, three main tree species were studied at three low mountain ranges and three corresponding basins in the topographically complex province of Bavaria (southeast Germany). A response analysis between climate proxies and tree-ring widths was used to investigate climate-growth relationships over the past 50 years of both coniferous and deciduous tree species at each forest site. Temporal stability of tree responses to climate was compared for two 25-year periods to detect possible modifications in climate-growth correlations. A pointer year analysis was also conducted to analyze tree response to climatic extreme events. The results showed that Scots pine (&lt;em&gt;Pinus sylvestris&lt;/em&gt;) was the most vulnerable and least drought-resistant of the investigated tree species. Although Norway spruce (&lt;em&gt;Picea abies&lt;/em&gt;) and European beech (&lt;em&gt;Fagus sylvatica&lt;/em&gt;) benefited from an extended growing season at high elevation sites, they showed higher drought sensitivity over the past 25 years. Beech responses were rather inhomogeneous and even differed in the optimal precipitation period. However, lower correlation coefficients for summer precipitation at the driest site may indicate the ability of beech to adapt to less summer precipitation. Nevertheless, increasing drought frequency, as predicted, poses a serious threat to all studied tree species, including even the colder and more humid sites. Hence, to more accurately estimate risk potentials under future weather conditions, we will combine dendroclimatological results with climate modelling scenarios, particularly expected future frequencies of critical weather types on the local scale.&lt;/p&gt;

Nutrient concentrations and nitrogen mineralization in forest floors of single species conifer plantations in coastal British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Prescott ◽  
L Vesterdal ◽  
J Pratt ◽  
K H Venner ◽  
L M de Montigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Floors

We examined the extent to which nutrient concentrations and C and N mineralization rates in forests floors under different tree species are predictable from the chemistry of foliar litter and its rate of decomposition. We studied replicated single species plantations of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) at four locations. Nutrient concentrations in forest floors correlated poorly with litter nutrient concentrations; the only significant relationships were for Ca and K. Nitrogen mineralization correlated weakly with forest floor C/N ratio, and differed more among sites than among species. None of the litter chemistry parameters were related to net N mineralization rates. Decomposition was fastest in hemlock litter, intermediate in Douglas-fir litter and lowest in cedar litter. Litter also decomposed more rapidly on hemlock forest floors than on cedar forest floors. Rates of N mineralization in the forest floors were not related to rates of decomposition of foliar litter. Differences among sites in N mineralization rates were related to the understory vegetation composition, particularly the amount of the ericaceous shrub salal, which in turn was related to slope position. These site factors appeared to override the effect of tree species on rates of N mineralization.

Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the forest floors of Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
John P. Corbin ◽  
Dennis Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Floor Material

Nutrient supply rate and limitation were measured in forest floors of lodgepole pine, white spruce–lodgepole pine, and Engelmann spruce–subalpine fir (pine, spruce, and fir forests, respectively) forests in the Kananaskis Valley of southwestern Alberta. Earlier analyses of the nutrient content of foliage and litter indicated low N and P supply in the pine forest, high P supply in the spruce forest, and high N–low P supply in the fir forest. Measurements of nutrient supply (insitu rates of net mineralization, extractable P, and uptake of N and P from the forest floor in pot trials) confirmed the differences in N and P supply among the forests and indicated that nutrient concentrations in needle litter were useful as an index of nutrient supply rate. Subtractive tests were useful in identifying the most limiting nutrients in each forest: lodgepole pine seedlings grown in forest floor material from the pine and spruce stands responded with increased growth to the addition of N; those in fir forest floor material responded to P addition. Vector analysis of N and P concentrations and contents in needles from trees fertilized with ammonium phosphate sulphate showed responses to both N and P in the pine site, no response at the spruce site, and response to P at the fir site.

Input, accumulation, and residence times of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in four Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
John P. Corbin ◽  
Dennis Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Forest Floors

Annual aboveground litterfall in forests of Pinuscontorta Loud., Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. in southwestern Alberta ranged from 286 to 321 g•m−2•year−1. The mass of litter accumulated on the forest floors ranged from 6.3 to 11.0 kg•m−2. Residence times of organic matter in the forest floor were 11 years in a 90-year-old P. contorta stand, 16 years in a 120-year-old P. glauca–P. contorta stand, and 23 years in a 350-year-old P. engelmannii–A. lasiocarpa stand. Residence times of litter in the L layer of the forest floor were longer in a recently clearcut area than in the older forests. Residence times of individual nutrients in the forest floors were in the order N > P > C. Litter in the pine forest had lower concentrations of both N and P than did litter in the spruce–pine forest; litter in the spruce–fir forest had relatively high N and low P concentrations. Differences in nutrient concentrations of litter among sites reflected differences in the nutrient-use efficiency of the vegetation, suggesting that the species composition of vegetation is important in determining availability of nutrients in the floor of these forests.

Nitrogen availability in forest floors of three tree species on the same site: the role of litter quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
K D Thomas ◽  
C E Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Forest Floors

Forest floor samples from a 25-year-old plantation of three tree species (Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.), and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.)) growing on the same site were incubated (aerobically) in the laboratory for 29 days. Rates of N mineralization in the forest floors of Douglas-fir (165.1 µg/g) was significantly greater than either birch (72.9 µg/g) or lodgepole pine (51.2 µg/g). Douglas-fir forest floors also had the highest N concentration, lowest C/N ratio, and highest NH4-N concentrations, followed by paper birch and lodgepole pine. Douglas-fir forest floors also mineralized more N per unit of either N or C than the other species. There were no differences in rates of CO2-C mineralization in forest floors among the three species. Nitrogen mineralization rates were positively correlated with the N concentration of the forest floor (r2 = 0.81) and also with the C/N and NH4-N concentration of the forest floor. Nitrogen concentration, C/N, and lignin/N of foliar litter were poor predictors of N mineralization rates resulting from Douglas-fir litter having the lowest N concentrations in litter but the highest rates of net N mineralization in the forest floor. Nitrogen mineralization in the forest floor was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.67) with the lignin concentration in foliar litter. Douglas-fir litter had low lignin concentrations, which may allow more of the mineralized N to remain in inorganic forms rather than being bound in humus. Our results suggest that a component of Douglas-fir might improve N availability in coniferous forest floors.

The impact of bird's nest ferns on stemflow nutrient concentration in a primary rain forest, Sabah, Malaysia

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar C. Turner ◽  
Jake L. Snaddon ◽  
Henry R. Johnson ◽  
William A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Asplenium Nidus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Old World Tropics ◽  
Plant Surfaces

Bird's nest ferns (Asplenium nidus complex) (Yatabe & Murakami 2003) are common epiphytes of the Old World tropics and house a high abundance of arthropods (Ellwood & Foster 2004). Through interception and retention of leaf litter (Paoletti et al. 1991, Piggott 1996, Richardson 1999), epiphytes interrupt litterfall dynamics (Clark et al. 1998, Nadkarni & Matelson 1991) and delay the return of nutrients to the forest floor (Nadkarni 1984). Precipitation percolating through the canopy as throughfall is enriched as nutrients are leached from plant surfaces (Levia & Frost 2006). Water flowing down the trunk of trees as stemflow is further enriched from prolonged contact and accumulated nutrient deposits on the trunk (Levia & Frost 2003, Liu et al. 2002). Epiphytes can alter stemflow nutrient concentrations by slowing water percolation and by nutrient uptake and release (Awasthi et al. 1995, Strigel et al. 1994).

Effects of manganese addition on carbon release from forest floor horizons

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Trum ◽  
Hugues Titeux ◽  
Jean-Thomas Cornelis ◽  
Bruno Delvaux
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Degrading System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Increase

Lignin concentration in organic residues largely controls their decomposition. Mn2+ may well play a key role in ligninolysis because it is a cofactor of manganese peroxidase, an enzyme of the lignin-degrading system. This study aims to investigate the effects of Mn2+ addition on forest floor horizon decomposition during laboratory incubation. Therefore, we sampled two distinct forest floors from European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) stands: a mor and a moder. Lignin and Mn concentrations in forest floor upper layer were significantly larger in moder than in mor. Three horizons from each forest floor were separately incubated with or without Mn2+ addition (250 mg Mn·kg dry matter–1) and the release of both CO2 and dissolved organic C was measured. The dissolved organic C release was not impacted by the Mn2+ addition, while a clear increase in CO2 release from specific horizons was observed. Our data suggest that the impact of the Mn2+ addition depends on (i) the forest floor type and on (ii) the organic matter decomposition stage.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Fluxes in Bulk Precipitation, Throughfall, and Stemflow in a Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaved Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Su ◽  
Changming Zhao ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Zongqiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Central China ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Canopy Water

Rainfall is one of the primary sources of chemical inputs in forest ecosystems, and the basis of forest nutrient cycling. Mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests are currently one of the most threatened ecosystems due to their sensitivity to anthropogenic climate change. As such, understanding the hydrochemical fluxes of these systems is critical for managing their dynamics in the future. We investigate the chemistry of bulk precipitation, stemflow and throughfall in a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in the Shennongjia region of Central China. Mean nutrient concentrations in throughfall and stemflow were higher than in bulk precipitation. Stemflow ion fluxes from deciduous tree species were greater than those for evergreen tree species because of the differences in bark morphology and branch architecture. Throughfall and stemflow chemistry fluctuated dramatically over the growing season. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were retained, while other elements and compounds were washed off or leached via throughfall and stemflow pathways. Our findings will facilitate a greater understanding of nutrient balance in canopy water fluxes.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE ARIDIZATION ON OAK STANDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA (CASE STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nedealcov ◽  
Ala Donica ◽  
Nicolae Grigoraș
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Climate Aridization ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The forests of the Republic of Moldova are composed predominantly by mesophilous deciduous tree species, the most valuable specie are oaks, located at the limit of their natural area. The growth and survival of forests, especially in the peripheral and transition areas of ecosystems, such as the oaks stands of country, also depend on the variety of the thermal and pluviometric regime, which has changed over the last decades in the context of climate aridization. The estimation of the mesophilic tree species exposure to regional climate aridization is shown by the simultaneous use of a set of eco-metric indices: Forest Aridity Index (FAI), De Martonne Index (IM), Ellenberg Coefficient (EQ), and Beech Tolerance Index (QBTI). For areas occupied by oaks (within 2 major natural reserves from central part of Moldova), have been indicated FAI values equal to 6.5-7.5; IM values between 30.0-35.0; EQ values ranging from 30.0-38.0; and QBTI values around 15.0 units, favourable for the mesophilic oak forests development. This fact indicates that during the vegetation period of mesophilic trees, in the central part of the Republic of Moldova, in more arid conditions of development, through modification of oak sensitivity to the water deficit, changes will occur in the compositional structure of ecosystems and the chorology of species. The study results are of particular interest in the sustainable management of the national forestry sector.

scholarly journals Accumulation of soil organic C and N in planted forests fostered by tree species mixture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Pifeng Lei ◽  
Wenhua Xiang ◽  
Wende Yan ◽  
Xiaoyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. With the increasing trend of converting monocultures into mixed forests, more and more studies were carried out to investigate the admixing effects on the tree growth and aboveground carbon storage. However, few studies have considered the impact of mixed forests on the belowground carbon sequestration, and changes of soil carbon and nitrogen stock as forest grows in particular. In this study, paired pure Pinus massoniana plantations, Cinnamomum camphora plantations and mixed Pinus massoniana-Cinnamomum camphora plantations at ages of 10, 24 and 45 years were selected to test whether the mixed plantations sequestrate more organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in soils and whether this admixing effect becomes more pronounced with stand ages. The results showed that tree species identity and composition as well as stand age significantly affect soil OC and N stock. The soil OC and N stocks were the highest in mixed Pinus-Cinnamomum stands compared to those in counterpart monocultures within the same age in the whole soil profiles or specific soil depth layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm) for most cases, followed by Cinnamomum stands, and the Pinus stands the lowest. And these positive admixing effects were mostly non-additive. Along chronosequence, the soil OC stock capacity peaked at 24-yr-old stand and maintained relatively stable thereafter. The admixing effects were also the highest at this stage. However, at topsoil layer, the admixing effects increased with stand ages in terms of soil OC stocks. When comparing mixed Pinus-Cinnamomum plantations with corresponding monocultures within the same age, the soil N stock in mixed stands was 8.30 %, 11.17 % and 31.45 % higher than the predicted mean value estimated from counterpart pure species plantations in 10-yr-old, 24-yr-old and 45-yr-old stands, respectively, suggesting these admixing effects were more pronounced along chronosequence.

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