scholarly journals Field resistance of crosses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to charcoal root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid.

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.S. El-Bramawy ◽  
O.A. Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Seed Yields

Two segregating generations (F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>4</sub>) from 6 × 6 half-diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals, of a sesame breeding program were exposed to natural infection by the root rot pathogen (<i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>) in two successive seasons (2004 and 2005). There was highly significant variability in the progeny of all investigated crosses which might be a valuable tool for further breeding programs for root rot disease management. The level of infection in 2004 ranged from 2.63% (cross P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) to 52.42% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>3</sub>, and from 1.28% (P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) to 51.78% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>4</sub>. During 2005, infection varied from 1.01% (P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) to 50.91% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>3</sub>, and from 1.00% (P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>4</sub>) to 48.00% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>4</sub>. These crosses were ranked resistant or highly susceptible and gave seed yields per feddan (= 4200 m) of 536.67, 361.67, 641.67, and 408.33, respectively. The F<sub>3</sub>’s and F<sub>4</sub>’s of five crosses, i.e. P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>4</sub>, P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, and P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>4</sub>, were resistant in both segregating generations and both seasons. Such crosses might be helpful for breeding programs due to their stable resistance. Lines from the crosses P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub> could also be used for improving resistance due to an increase of inherited resistance from one generation to another. The estimated heritability showed high values in all cases and indicated that selection for these traits could be useful for breeding programs for resistance to root rot with seed yield potential. Correlation coefficients showed that there were some positive correlations such as percentage of infection by <i>M. phaseolina</i> between both generations (F<sub>3</sub>’s and F<sub>4</sub>’s) as well as within each generation during a season’s evaluation, i.e. 0.742, 0.976, 0.846, 0.732, and 0.987. The highest significant and positive correlations assisted in the selection of some crosses to be used in breeding programs and will aid breeders to achieve sesame cultivars with charcoal root rot resistance.

scholarly journals Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt in some sesame crosses under field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.S. El-Bramawy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Lines of two generations (F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>4</sub>) from 15 crosses were screened for two successive seasons (2004 and 2005) for their reaction to Fusarium wilt disease under natural infection by <i>Fusarium oxysporum<i> f.sp. <i>sesami<i>. There was sufficient variability among all crosses and some lines could be valuable for further breeding programs for wilt disease resistance. Offspring of the crosses P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>6</sub> seem to be stable in their reaction to the disease in the years of evaluation, though with some segregation from one generation to another. The crosses P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>6</sub> showed a resistant reaction through both generations as well as both seasons. They might be helpful and utilised for large scale cultivation or/and in hybridisation programs to develop resistant varieties with good yield potential. Heritability estimates were very high (more than 95%) in both generations during the two seasons, except for seed yield/plant in the F<sub>3 in the first season. This indicated that selection for both Fusarium wilt resistance and seed yield from these lines could be feasible and lead to resistant cultivars with seed yield potential. The results showed highly significant and positive correlations between lower infection in the F<sub>4</sub>’s and in F<sub>3</sub>’s through the two seasons. The highest significant correlation of the evaluated traits allowed the selection of some lines to be used in breeding programs. Also, highly significant positive correlations were detected between seed yield/plot of the F<sub>4</sub>’s in 2004 and the seed yield/plot of F<sub>4’s in 2005, but did not reach the significant level in the F<sub>3</sub>’s.

scholarly journals Screening of Wild and Cultivated Capsicum Germplasm Reveals New Sources of Verticillium Wilt Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1404-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Gurung ◽  
Dylan P. G. Short ◽  
Xiaoping Hu ◽  
German V. Sandoya ◽  
Ryan J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
Rot Disease

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is an important soilborne disease of pepper (Capsicum species) worldwide. Most commercial pepper cultivars lack resistance to this pathogen. Our objective was to identify resistance to two V. dahliae isolates in wild and cultivated Capsicum accessions from the core collection of the National Plant Germplasm System of the USDA. Screening of 397 Capsicum accessions against two V. dahliae isolates (Vdca59 and VdCf45) was performed in a greenhouse. Seventy-eight accessions selected from this screen were further evaluated in a follow-up experiment. In total, 21 (26.9%) and 13 (16.6%) Capsicum accessions tested were resistant to Verticillium wilt when inoculated with V. dahliae isolates VdCa59 and VdCf45, respectively. Eight accessions (Grif 9073, PI 281396, PI 281397, PI 438666, PI 439292, PI 439297, PI 555616, and PI 594125) were resistant to Verticillium wilt against both V. dahliae isolates. On the basis of Germplasm Resources Information Network data, two of the Capsicum annuum accessions (Grif 9073 and PI 439297) were also resistant to Phytophthora root rot disease. These sources of multiple disease resistance will be useful to pepper breeding programs.

Screening of wild Solanum rootstock to manage dry root rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in brinjal

1970 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
J. Sherly, R. Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Wild Solanum

Five wild Solanum species were screened against dry root rot disease in glass house condition with commonly cultivated brinjal as control. The disease was scored at different day’s interval on 30th, 45th and 60th days after planting (DAP). Among the wild species screened and evaluated the species S. torvum was observed without any disease incidence i.e (0). The least per cent of disease incidence was observed in S. incanum (38.60%) which was followed by S. xanthocarpum (42.80%), S. viarum (64.20%) and CO2 (78.50 %) susceptible check at 30 DAP. Secondary metabolites were analysed from both wild and control plants. Based on the per cent disease incidence values S. torvum was graded as ‘Resistant’ against M. phaseolina and can be recommended as a best rootstock for brinjal under varying climatic condition especially where the dry climate prevails.

scholarly journals Influence of Fusarium graminearum Infection on the Accumulation of Mycotoxins in Wheat Grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otilia Cotuna ◽  
Mirela Paraschivu ◽  
Veronica Sărățeanu ◽  
Elena Partal ◽  
Carmen Claudia Durău
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Attack Intensity

Fusarium graminearum is a dangerous pathogen of the cereals producing mycotoxins (trichothecene and zearalenone) harmful for human and animal health. There were evaluated sixteen winter wheat varieties for their response in conditions of natural infection with F. graminearum in the epidemic year 2019, being well known that accumulation of mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) is induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Field plot was organized in Latin rectangle randomized with three replicates. For all evaluated wheat varieties were collected field data (incidence, severity and infection degree of the fungus F. graminearum) and laboratory data (mycotoxins concentration in grains) that have been processed using the software JASP (Version 0.14) for descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to calculate Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficients. The results showed negative corelation between plants&rsquo; density and F. graminearum attack frequency. Positive correlations were found between DON and T-2 and between DON and fungus attack intensity. This work highlights that during a F. graminearum epidemic year some of the most influential factors in the contamination with harmful mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) are: plants density, frequency of the attack on ear, diseased ears and attack intensity on ears.

Variation and correlations among agronomic characters in a collection of beans (Vicia faba L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
North African ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

SUMMARYSixteen cultivars of beans (Vicia faba L.) were evaluated in a triple lattice experiment over 2 years. Differences among and within minor and equina groups were significant for most of the measured traits. In general, among equina and minor groups, the variability of means for yield components was higher than the variability for seed yield per plant. Most European cultivars were lower in yield potential and in number of branches per plant, taller and later in maturity than North African cultivars.Significant positive correlations were found for seed yield per plant with weight of pods per plant and with number of pods per plant. These results indicate their value for improvement by indirect selection for seed yield. On the other hand, significant positive correlations were also obtained between number of seeds per pod and pod length and between number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. The correlation coefficients for height and number of days to maturity with seed yield per plant were negative but insignificant. Other correlation coefficients were also insignificant and low in magnitude.

Performances of improved cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) cultivars against root rot disease and yield in cassava-maize intercropping systems under natural infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 386-401
Author(s):  
Sola Olawale Awoyemi ◽  
Clement Gboyega Afolabi ◽  
Akinola Rasheed Popoola ◽  
Joy Nwakaego Odedina ◽  
Sunday Ojo Adigbo
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease
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