scholarly journals Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium wilt in some sesame crosses under field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.S. El-Bramawy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Lines of two generations (F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>4</sub>) from 15 crosses were screened for two successive seasons (2004 and 2005) for their reaction to Fusarium wilt disease under natural infection by <i>Fusarium oxysporum<i> f.sp. <i>sesami<i>. There was sufficient variability among all crosses and some lines could be valuable for further breeding programs for wilt disease resistance. Offspring of the crosses P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>6</sub> seem to be stable in their reaction to the disease in the years of evaluation, though with some segregation from one generation to another. The crosses P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>6</sub> showed a resistant reaction through both generations as well as both seasons. They might be helpful and utilised for large scale cultivation or/and in hybridisation programs to develop resistant varieties with good yield potential. Heritability estimates were very high (more than 95%) in both generations during the two seasons, except for seed yield/plant in the F<sub>3 in the first season. This indicated that selection for both Fusarium wilt resistance and seed yield from these lines could be feasible and lead to resistant cultivars with seed yield potential. The results showed highly significant and positive correlations between lower infection in the F<sub>4</sub>’s and in F<sub>3</sub>’s through the two seasons. The highest significant correlation of the evaluated traits allowed the selection of some lines to be used in breeding programs. Also, highly significant positive correlations were detected between seed yield/plot of the F<sub>4</sub>’s in 2004 and the seed yield/plot of F<sub>4’s in 2005, but did not reach the significant level in the F<sub>3</sub>’s.

scholarly journals Field resistance of crosses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to charcoal root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid.

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.S. El-Bramawy ◽  
O.A. Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Seed Yields

Two segregating generations (F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>4</sub>) from 6 × 6 half-diallel crosses, excluding reciprocals, of a sesame breeding program were exposed to natural infection by the root rot pathogen (<i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>) in two successive seasons (2004 and 2005). There was highly significant variability in the progeny of all investigated crosses which might be a valuable tool for further breeding programs for root rot disease management. The level of infection in 2004 ranged from 2.63% (cross P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) to 52.42% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>3</sub>, and from 1.28% (P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) to 51.78% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>4</sub>. During 2005, infection varied from 1.01% (P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) to 50.91% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>3</sub>, and from 1.00% (P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>4</sub>) to 48.00% (P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>) in the F<sub>4</sub>. These crosses were ranked resistant or highly susceptible and gave seed yields per feddan (= 4200 m) of 536.67, 361.67, 641.67, and 408.33, respectively. The F<sub>3</sub>’s and F<sub>4</sub>’s of five crosses, i.e. P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>4</sub>, P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, and P<sub>3</sub> × P<sub>4</sub>, were resistant in both segregating generations and both seasons. Such crosses might be helpful for breeding programs due to their stable resistance. Lines from the crosses P<sub>1</sub> × P<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>2</sub> × P<sub>4</sub> and P<sub>4</sub> × P<sub>5</sub> could also be used for improving resistance due to an increase of inherited resistance from one generation to another. The estimated heritability showed high values in all cases and indicated that selection for these traits could be useful for breeding programs for resistance to root rot with seed yield potential. Correlation coefficients showed that there were some positive correlations such as percentage of infection by <i>M. phaseolina</i> between both generations (F<sub>3</sub>’s and F<sub>4</sub>’s) as well as within each generation during a season’s evaluation, i.e. 0.742, 0.976, 0.846, 0.732, and 0.987. The highest significant and positive correlations assisted in the selection of some crosses to be used in breeding programs and will aid breeders to achieve sesame cultivars with charcoal root rot resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Mutagens on Morphological traits of Psoralea corylifolia-A Medicinally Important Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajey Karan Chaudhari ◽  
Anand Prakash Singh ◽  
B R Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Flowering Initiation ◽  
Yield Quality

Mutation breeding like in other plants can significantly strengthen medicinal plants breeding programs and help to produce novel varieties with higher yield potential and improved yield quality. The dry and healthy seeds of P. corylifolia IC 111228 were subjected to mutagenic treatments namely ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA). The treatment concentrations 15mM, 30mM, 45mM and 60mM of EMS and 1mM, 2mM, 3mM and 4mM of SA were chosen to evaluate the mutagenic potential in either case. The morphological traits were evaluated in M1 generation viz. plant height, days to flowering initiation, seed yield/plant and 100-seed weight. In EMS treatment 15 mM increased the plant height and seed yield, while in SA treatment 4 mM increased the seed yield/plant and 100-seed yield.

Establishing a high throughput screening method for large scale phenotyping of castor genotypes for resistance to Fusarium wilt disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan K. Shaw ◽  
Mobeen Shaik ◽  
Zubair Ahmed Mir ◽  
M. Santha Lakshmi Prasad ◽  
R. D. Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease

Variation and correlations among agronomic characters in a collection of beans (Vicia faba L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
North African ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

SUMMARYSixteen cultivars of beans (Vicia faba L.) were evaluated in a triple lattice experiment over 2 years. Differences among and within minor and equina groups were significant for most of the measured traits. In general, among equina and minor groups, the variability of means for yield components was higher than the variability for seed yield per plant. Most European cultivars were lower in yield potential and in number of branches per plant, taller and later in maturity than North African cultivars.Significant positive correlations were found for seed yield per plant with weight of pods per plant and with number of pods per plant. These results indicate their value for improvement by indirect selection for seed yield. On the other hand, significant positive correlations were also obtained between number of seeds per pod and pod length and between number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. The correlation coefficients for height and number of days to maturity with seed yield per plant were negative but insignificant. Other correlation coefficients were also insignificant and low in magnitude.

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Karakteristik Buah antar 17 Genotipe Melon (Cucucmis melo L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amalia Nurul Huda ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
Awang Maharijaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Fruit Rind

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Breeding of melon requires the availability of genetic diversity and extensive evaluations of the genetic materials. Evaluations on fruit quality and yield potential are among the important steps in melon breeding. This research was aimed at studying the genetic diversity of 17 melon genotypes based on fruit traits and identifying the potential genotypes to be used as genetic materials in melon breeding programs. The research was conducted from August to October 2015 at the IPB Experimental Station Tajur II, South Bogor, 250 m above sea level. The experiment was arranged in a single factor of randomized complete block design with four replicates. Results of the research showed that genotype effects were significant for all observed traits except for days to hermaphrodite flowering. Traits having broad sense heritability estimates greater than 50% were days to male flowering, days to harvest, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, fruit rind thickness, fruit weight, and sugar contant. P21 and P19 genotypes were potential for fruit weight and sugar content, while P2 was potential for fruit weight and P12 for sugar content only. Fruit weight showed significant positive correlations with fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, and fruit rind thickness. Clustering based on morphological traits generally separated reticulatus and inodorus genotypes into different groups.<br />Key words: correlation, heritability, simultaneous selection</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Pemuliaan tanaman melon memerlukan ketersediaan keragaman genetik dan evaluasi yang ekstesif pada materi genetik yang digunakan. Evaluasi karakteristik, kualitas buah, dan potensi hasil merupakan tahapan penting dalam pemuliaan tanaman melon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik dari 17 genotipe melon berdasarkan karakteristik kualitas buah dan mengidentifikasi genotipe potensial untuk dijadikan materi genetik dalam program pemuliaan. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2015 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Tajur II, Bogor Selatan (250 mdpl) menggunakan 17 genotipe melon. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter yang diamati kecuali umur berbunga hermaprodit. Karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas lebih besar dari 50% adalah umur berbunga jantan, umur panen, panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal daging, tebal kulit, bobot, dan kadar gula. Genotipe yang memiliki potensi untuk sifat bobot buah dan kadar gula tinggi adalah P21 dan P19, sedangkan P2 dan P12 masing-masing memiliki potensi yang baik untuk bobot buah dan kadar gula saja. Karakter bobot buah memiliki korelasi positif dan nyata dengan panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal daging buah, dan tebal kulit buah. Pengelompokan berdasarkan karakter morfologi secara umum dapat memisahkan genotipe-genotipe melon reticulatus dan inodorus ke dalam grup yang berbeda.<br />Kata kunci: korelasi, heritabilitas, seleksi simultan</p>

scholarly journals Phenotyping of Plant Biomass and Performance Traits Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Pea (Pisum sativum, L.)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Quirós Vargas ◽  
Chongyuan Zhang ◽  
Jamin A. Smitchger ◽  
Rebecca J. McGee ◽  
Sindhuja Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Primary Yield

Field pea cultivars are constantly improved through breeding programs to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and increase seed yield potential. In pea breeding, the Above Ground Biomass (AGBM) is assessed due to its influence on seed yield, canopy closure, and weed suppression. It is also the primary yield component for peas used as a cover crop and/or grazing. Measuring AGBM is destructive and labor-intensive process. Sensor-based phenotyping of such traits can greatly enhance crop breeding efficiency. In this research, high resolution RGB and multispectral images acquired with unmanned aerial systems were used to assess phenotypes in spring and winter pea breeding plots. The Green Red Vegetation Index (GRVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), plot volume, canopy height, and canopy coverage were extracted from RGB and multispectral information at five imaging times (between 365 to 1948 accumulated degree days/ADD after 1 May) in four winter field pea experiments and at three imaging times (between 1231 to 1648 ADD) in one spring field pea experiment. The image features were compared to ground-truth data including AGBM, lodging, leaf type, days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of the first reproductive node, and seed yield. In two of the winter pea experiments, a strong correlation between image features and seed yield was observed at 1268 ADD (flowering). An increase in correlation between image features with the phenological traits such as days to 50% flowering and days to physiological maturity was observed at about 1725 ADD in these winter pea experiments. In the spring pea experiment, the plot volume estimated from images was highly correlated with ground truth canopy height (r = 0.83) at 1231 ADD. In two other winter pea experiments and the spring pea experiment, the GRVI and NDVI features were significantly correlated with AGBM at flowering. When selected image features were used to develop a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model for AGBM estimation, the correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted AGBM was 0.60 and 0.84 in the winter and spring pea experiments, respectively. A SPOT-6 satellite image (1.5 m resolution) was also evaluated for its applicability to assess biomass and seed yield. The image features extracted from satellite imagery showed significant correlation with seed yield in two winter field pea experiments, however, the trend was not consistent. In summary, the study supports the potential of using unmanned aerial system-based imaging techniques to estimate biomass and crop performance in pea breeding programs.

Reaction and growth of cucumber hybrids grafted on hybrid squash in response to infection with Fusarium wilt disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Alaa Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
Omar Hmmoudi ◽  
George Asmar ◽  
Naser Sheikh Suleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease

Biocontrol of tomato Fusarium wilt disease by a new Moringa endophytic Aspergillus isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Aldinary ◽  
Amer Morsy Abdelaziz ◽  
Ayman A. Farrag ◽  
Mohamed S. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease
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