scholarly journals Effect of two NeemAzalTM formulations on honeybees under semi-field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-A. Shawki M ◽  
V. Táborský ◽  
F. Kamler ◽  
J. Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Transparent Acetate

The effects of NeemAzalTM formulations: NeemAzalTM T/S (1% azadirachtin) and NeemAzalTM granules (1% azadirachtin) on honeybees, <i>Apis mellifera</i> L., were studied under semi-field conditions. Three plots at 15 m<sup>2</sup> each were sown with spring rape seeds Brassica napus cultivar Likolly (Brassicaceae/Cruciferae). In the first plot NeemAzal granules were added with the seeds during sowing. The second plot was sprayed with NeemAzal T/S during full flowering; GreemaxTM was used as a wetting agent. The third one was sprayed with water only during full flowering as a control. For each treatment one tunnel tent (3 × 5 × 2 m) was used during the flowering period. Small bee colonies were exposed to the treated plants for 7 days. Evaluation was carried out by comparing the results in the treatments to the control and, furthermore, by comparing the pre- and post-application. The mortality in the tunnels and the flight activity were checked before, as well as after the treatment. The development of the bee brood was evaluated by using transparent acetate sheets to mark single cells in brood combs with their contents on different assessment dates. The time schedule of the assessment dates was chosen in order to check the bee brood at different expected stages during the development. The development of the bee brood was evaluated by calculation of brood termination rates in percentage and brood indices. The results show that residues of NeemAzal granules did not adversely affect bee mortality, foraging activity or brood development. By contrast, it was noticed that NeemAzal T/S caused some reduction in foraging activity and brood development.

scholarly journals Estimation of ascochytosis infection of samples and lines of chickpea sorts in natural field conditions in Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
J. T. Nakhalbaev ◽  
I. Kh. Khamdamov
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Research Institute

Relevance and methods. The information on the influence of samples of chickpea sorts, time of planting the lines of chickpeas on seed infection with ascochytosis and on the weight of grain on one plant bush is presented in this article. Samples of chickpea sorts and lines were studied during the first sowing period — the first decade of March and the second sowing period — the third decade of March. Ascochytosis infection was evaluated in natural field conditions. The study was conducted at the Central Experimental Station of the Galaaral Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops in 2015–2017 in Uzbekistan.Results. According to the three-year study, it was found that in the years when there was a lot of precipitation days, sorts Yulduz, ILC 263 and MП 2015/1 of the lines during the first sowing were determined to be infected with acochytosis up to 6 points. During the first sowing period of this cv., there was a decrease in the weight of grains on one plant bush compared to the second sowing period. Cv. ILC 3279, Umid and line 14442 were found to be virtually undamaged in natural field conditions with ascohitosis during both planting periods. It wasfound our that the weight of cv. Мustaqillik-20, line 14442 grain on one plant bush remained high during both planting periods.

The impact of temperature and precipitation changes on honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Aegean region under future climate scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim van der Schriek ◽  
Gianna Kitsara ◽  
Konstantinos V. Varotsos ◽  
Christos Giannakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Heat Extremes

&lt;p&gt;The Aegean region (Greece) preserves a wide genetic diversity amongst the honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) of its many islands and supports an important bee keeping industry. However, sector-specific regional impact studies, based on the latest high-resolution regional climate models (RCMs), are urgently required for developing successful local adaptation strategies for beekeeping and to preserve biodiversity under future climate change scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We evaluated direct climate change impacts on honey bees in the Aegean region through novel threshold temperature and precipitation indices, linked to critical bee behavior and colony mortality. There are strong relationships between ambient temperature and key bee colony behavior such as, for example, nest thermo-humidity regulation, annual population variability and foraging. Additionally, dry conditions and heatwaves have been empirically linked to declines in colony food stores and increased colony mortality rates. Impact projections used simulated temperature and precipitation data from an ensemble of seven RCMs under the medium (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emission scenarios for the control- (1971-2000), near future- (2031-2060) and distant future (2071-2100) periods. Simulated data were bias-adjusted using the long-term meteorological record of Naxos Island (central Aegean).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overheating in summer constitutes a major challenge to nest temperature regulation. Thermal and humidity conditions are well-regulated in bee nests given their importance for colony health. Brood must remain at 33-36 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and experience high relative humidity for proper development. Bees tend to start cooling nests when ambient temperatures are &gt;25 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. Evaporative cooling using water is of critical importance with temperatures above 35 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and is remarkably effective in stabilising nest temperature at 36 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C, even as ambient temperatures are &gt;60 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C. Thermoregulation is highly demanding, and brood is mainly reared during optimum periods with no/low need of regulation. Sustained high temperatures &gt;40-45 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C cause significant colony losses. The highest foraging activity takes place in the temperature range from 12-25&lt;sup&gt; o&lt;/sup&gt;C, whereas there is no activity &lt;7&lt;sup&gt; o&lt;/sup&gt;C and &gt;43&lt;sup&gt; o&lt;/sup&gt;C. Winter colony mortality rates increase when the spring flowering period experiences very low rainfall and extreme temperatures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Future climatic change projections show significant increases in seasonal temperatures and days without precipitation, which will negatively affect the region&amp;#8217;s bees. More frequent and severe heat-extremes will characterize seasons from spring to autumn, forcing bee colonies to cool their nests more intensively. Meanwhile, the availability of water and nectar (used for evaporative cooling) will decrease during extreme warm-dry events. The increase in heat extremes will likely lead to increased colony losses. Temperatures within the range for optimal foraging activity are less likely to occur during the flowering period. Finally, years with spring seasons characterized by very low rainfall and extreme temperatures will become more frequent in the future which may result in increased winter mortality rates.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Larval biology of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acarina : Ixodidae) in Free State Province, South Africa : research communication

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Phalatsi ◽  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Free State Province ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Single Exception

The objective of this study was to determine certain aspects of the biology of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus larvae under laboratory and field conditions. Larvae allowed 48 h to select a vertical questing substrate preferred 90 cm rods in length to those of 60 or 30 cm, while in a separate experiment migration from rods 5 cm or 25 cm in length to rods 45 cm in length continued between 48 h and 72 h after larval release. Hatching of the larval progeny of engorged female ticks exposed to ambient field temperatures during the period June to August, occurred synchronously during the third or fourth week of November. With a single exception, larvae that hatched during November and between April and July survived for 38 days or longer, while those that hatched from December to March survived for 31 days or less. Questing larvae were present on vegetation throughout the year, with most being recovered during January and February. Parasitic larvae were present on cattle from October to May with most being collected during January and February.

Interrelations of Damage to Wheat and Feeding by the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jacobson ◽  
L. K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractLarvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison, were fed on wheat in the laboratory, greenhouse, and in field plots. Larvae did not completely sever the plants until the third-instar. The rate and amount of damage varied directly with size and densities of larvae, temperatures above 15 °C., and soil moisture; and inversely with the age and size of the wheat plant. The findings were related to field conditions to appraise potential damage and the necessity of insecticides for crop protection. Possible procedures are discussed for evaluation of the efficiency of various chemicals in the laboratory and in field plots.

scholarly journals Growth and development of bees using organic acids and probiotics

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Dmitruk ◽  
S. M. Suhovuha
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Experimental Group

The second record number of sealed brood, which took place on May 15 showed that consumption of succinic acid pergi helped increase the number of brood grown by 11.2% (P <0.001) and in the experimental group. Feeding bees use citric acid positively affects the amount of brood in the second experimental group. Compared with controls, the number of brood is higher by 7.5% (P < 0.001). Use of feeding bees III experimental group of lactic acid bacteria has increased the brood at 10.0% (P < 0.001). May 27 The difference between the number of counted squares and the control and experimental group is 16.3% (P <0.001), the second experimental group 11.5% (P < 0.001), the third experimental group 13.4% (P < 0.001). In the period, which fell on June 8 development of bee colonies increased, so the difference between the number of counted squares and the control and development of 22.2% (P < 0.001), the second experimental group 17.8% (P < 0.001), the third research group 18.9% (P < 0.001). June 20, recorded the best performance of the experimental group, the difference between the number of counted squares and the control and experimental group is 23.1% (P < 0.001), the second experimental group 18.3% (P < 0.001), the third experimental group 19.3 % (P < 0.001). Compared with the rate on May 3 yaytsenosnosti intensity oviposition of the uterus and research group for 27 May increased by 62.5%. Consumption pergi bees II nd experimental group caused an increase yaytsenosnosti cancer – by 56.3%, the third second experimental group – by 58.2%. Compared to control subjects in increasing the number of families found grown brood on 18,2 –23,1% (P <0.001).

scholarly journals Approaches, challenges, and recent advances in automated bee counting devices – a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Odemer
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Flight Measurement ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
Bee Colonies

For nearly 100 years, electronic bee counters have been developed using various technologies to track the foraging activity of mostly honey bee colonies. These counters should enable remote monitoring of the hives without disturbing natural flight behavior while generating precise scientific data. Today, however, there are not many counters on the market, that are able to fulfill this task. One main challenge is the lack of standardized methods to validate a counter’s precision, but validation is crucial to categorize and judge the data produced by the counter, especially for scientific purposes. Another challenge is the interpretation of flight data to measure the effects of environmental or anthropogenic sources. Nevertheless, recent developments in the field are promising. This review describes the historic development of automated bee flight measurement and critically compares validation methods to encourage their improvement. Lastly, to increase the comparability of future analyses with bee counters, current advances in data interpretation are also presented.

scholarly journals Influence of spring feed on the strength of honey bee colonies during spring development

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1757-1760
Author(s):  
B. Andjelkovic ◽  
G. Jevtic ◽  
M. Mladenovic ◽  
M. Petrovic ◽  
T. Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bee Colonies

The strength of honey bee colonies during year depends on wintering and on biologic development of colonies during spring period. To ensure satisfactory colony development in spring period, it is necessary to add stimulative feed. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different types of spring feed on the honey bee colony strength. Twenty honey bee colonies were selected for this experiment. Colonies were divided into five groups, and each group received different stimulative feed. The first group was fed with sugar syrup, and the second with sugar syrup with added microelements and with vitamin complex. The third group received sugar candy without additives, and the fourth group received sugar candy with addition of microelements and vitamins. The fifth group was fed with honey. The experiment was conducted on the apiary of the Institute for forage crops in Krusevac.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Bee Larvae to Chalkbrood in Relation to Hygienic Behaviour of Worker Bees in Colonies of Chosen Races of Honeybee (Apis Mellifera )

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Panasiuk ◽  
Małgorzata Bieńkowska ◽  
Dariusz Gerula ◽  
Paweł Węgrzynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Hygienic Behaviour ◽  
Apis Mellifera Carnica ◽  
Apis Mellifera Mellifera ◽  
Apis Mellifera Caucasica ◽  
P Colonies ◽  
Bee Colonies

Abstract The susceptibility of bee larvae to Ascosphaera apis infestation and the hygienic behaviour of worker bees in relation to A. apis infected and freeze-killed brood were evaluated in three races of bees: Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera caucasica, and Apis mellifera mellifera. Experimental bee colonies were evaluated in field conditions during the three beekeeping seasons. The lowest percentage of infected larvae was observed in car GR1 and mel A colonies (8.5% and 15%, respectively) and the highest in car Mr and cau P colonies (21% and 24.3%, respectively). Bees in the car GR1 and mel A colonies removed mummified brood in a shorter period of time (6.5 and 7.1 days on average, respectively) than car Mr and cau P colonies (above 8 days). Bees in the mel A and car GR1 colonies cleaned significantly more cells with freeze-killed brood within 24 and 48 hours (above 70% and 80% on average, respectively) than car Mr and cau P colonies (on average 10 - 20% lower cleaning rate). A low correlation coefficient was found for the susceptibility of larvae to A. apis infection and hygienic behaviour.

scholarly journals Effects of varying group sizes on performance, body defects, and productivity in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Sarıca ◽  
Koray Karakoç ◽  
Kadir Erensoy
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Increase Productivity

Abstract This study aimed to determine the changes in the performance, welfare, and productivity level of broiler chickens reared at various group sizes and non-grouped (single flock) under intensive field conditions. Two treatments were tested as a concept in all trials. In the GF (grouped flock) house, the grouping was applied at 6000 (GF 1 or large GF), 4000 (GF 2 or medium GF), and 3000 (GF 3 or small GF) broilers in the first, second and third trials, respectively, without changing the stocking density. In the SF (single flock) house, classical intensive rearing was applied without grouping the whole 20000 broilers during each of 3 trials (SF 1, 2, and 3). The results showed that large and medium GF chickens had higher BW than SFs at slaughter age. In SF 2 chickens, only HB level was significantly higher in the second trial (1.39 vs. 1.17). In the third trial, the FPD, HB, and BB scores of SF 3 chickens were higher when compared to small GFs at 1.85 to 1.41, 1.48 to 1.22, and 2.27 to 1.89, respectively. Chickens reared in GFs had more BW, FI, and better FCR and EPEF values when compared to SF chickens. BW, FI, and EPEF were observed to be lower—while FCR was higher—when SF chickens were compared to GFs. Upon considering the EPEF value along with welfare parameters, it has been observed that rearing chickens in groups of 3000 may increase productivity by up to 54.8% according to intensive conditions.

scholarly journals The Productivity of bee colonies on different temperature parameters and duration of the winter rape flowering period

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
S. Razanov ◽  
V. Nedashkіvsky ◽  
V. Verhelis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bee Colonies

The production of honey and pollen by bee colonies at different temperatures and durations of winter rape flowering periods in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe has been studied. The influence of ambient temperature and duration of winter rape flowering period on the production of commercial honey and bee pollen was established. The need of bee colonies for food and the level of nectarproductive plants in the radius of their achievement by bees contributes to the demographic movement of these insects on the planet. Due to the healing and highly nutritious properties of bees processing nectar and pollen, honey, perga, royal jelly and other beekeeping products are widely and constantly used, which require a stronger honey base and increase its productivity. Therefore, nectar and pollen of plants are an important component in the existence of the honey bee and its evolutionary development. Over the last century, one of the most important environmental problems on the planet has been global warming, which has resulted in climate change. Agriculture, in particular crop production, was the most vulnerable to climate change. A slight decrease in the supply of nectar and pollen of plants in nature significantly affects the existence of the honey bee. First of all, their development and productivity are reduced, there is an increase in the level of the disease and a decrease in the efficiency of the industry as a whole. There are known facts of bee colonies taking off and moving from lowyielding nectar-pollinating lands to more productive ones. With a decrease in air temperature compared to the optimal +22 ° C during the flowering of winter rape, regardless of the length of its stay in this phase, there was a decrease in honey production from 23.8% to 76.2% and bee pollen from 33.3% to 55.5% . Key words: bee colonies, winter rape, honey, bee pollen, temperature flowering.

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