scholarly journals New records of Chrysomyxa rhododendri on Rhododendron species

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Records ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Host Species

In the spring of 2008, leaf spot was observed on <I>Rhododendron hippophaeoides</I> and <I>Rhododendron obtusum</I>; the causal agent was identified as the rust <I>Chrysomyxa rhododendri</I>. The rust occurs primarily in mountain regions and in the Czech Republic was first observed 105 years ago. In the present study we describe pathogen morphology and symptoms on the two new host species.

New Records of Helminths in British Birds

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Species

The object of this short paper is to record a number of new host species for certain common helminths of birds. These new records show that the host range of some helminths is not so circumscribed as had been previously believed. Most of these parasites have been obtained at routine post-mortem examinations and hence were the result of natural infections in the field. A few however were the result of experimental feedings at this Institute.

scholarly journals New records of three hippoboscid species on newly captured birds from nature in Paraná, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Fontanelli Vaz ◽  
Valéria Natascha Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Athene Cunicularia ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Information ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Host Species

Abstract The aims of this study was to provide new records of hippoboscid flies collected over an one-year period on newly captured birds from nature in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The birds were received by a wildlife center in Tijucas do Sul and the hippoboscid flies were collect by hand or by tweezers, generating a prevalence of 0.7% (16/2232) of parasitized birds. New information about distribution of hippoboscid flies on Asio clamator, Rupornis magnirostris and Athene cunicularia was reported in the state of Paraná. The Caracara plancus, Falco peregrinus and Penelope obscura are new host species for Ornithoctona erythrocephala in the state of Paraná, and the Asio stygius for Icosta rufiventris and Ornithoica vicina in Brazil. This study provided new information about hosts and distribution of hippoboscid flies in Brazilian birds.

Regressive evolution of an effector following a host jump in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Lineage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Zess ◽  
Yasin F. Dagdas ◽  
Esme Peers ◽  
Abbas Maqbool ◽  
Mark J. Banfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
New Host ◽  
Regressive Evolution ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Host Jump ◽  
Potato Famine ◽  
Irish Potato Famine ◽  
New Host Species

AbstractIn order to infect a new host species, the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission in the novel environment. Although we often think of evolution as a process of accumulation, it is also a process of loss. Here, we document an example of regressive evolution in the Irish potato famine pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) lineage, providing evidence that a key sequence motif in the effector PexRD54 has degenerated following a host jump. We began by looking at PexRD54 and PexRD54-like sequences from across Phytophthora species. We found that PexRD54 emerged in the common ancestor of Phytophthora clade 1b and 1c species, and further sequence analysis showed that a key functional motif, the C-terminal ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), was also acquired at this point in the lineage. A closer analysis showed that the P. mirabilis PexRD54 (PmPexRD54) AIM appeared unusual, the otherwise-conserved central residue mutated from a glutamate to a lysine. We aimed to determine whether this PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism represented an adaptation to the Mirabilis jalapa host environment. We began by characterizing the M. jalapa ATG8 family, finding that they have a unique evolutionary history compared to previously characterized ATG8s. Then, using co-immunoprecipitation and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, we showed that both full-length PmPexRD54 and the PmPexRD54 AIM peptide bind very weakly to the M. jalapa ATG8s. Through a combination of binding assays and structural modelling, we showed that the identity of the residue at the position of the PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism can underpin high-affinity binding to plant ATG8s. Finally, we conclude that the functionality of the PexRD54 AIM was lost in the P. mirabilis lineage, perhaps owing to as-yet-unknown pressure on this effector in the new host environment.Author SummaryPathogens evolve in concert with their hosts. When a pathogen begins to infect a new host species, known as a “host jump,” the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission. These evolutionary processes can involve both the gain and loss of genes, as well as dynamic changes in protein function. Here, we describe an example of a pathogen protein that lost a key functional domain following a host jump, a salient example of “regressive evolution.” Specifically, we show that an effector protein from the plant pathogen Phytopthora mirabilis, a host-specific lineage closely related to the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytopthora infestans, has a derived amino acid polymorphism that results in a loss of interaction with certain host machinery.

scholarly journals The AntCardiocondyla elegansas Host of the Enigmatic Endoparasitic FungusMyrmicinosporidium durum

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Julia Giehr ◽  
Jürgen Heinze ◽  
Alexandra Schrempf
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
New Host ◽  
High Infection ◽  
New Host Species

Data on host species and the distribution of the endoparasitic fungusMyrmicinosporidium durumincreased continuously in recent decades. Here, we add the antCardiocondyla elegansas new host species. Colonies of the monogynous species were found infested in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon (South France). Samples from the nest indicate high infection rates. All castes and sexes were infected by the spores. Variations of infection rates between sampling methods and species are discussed.

scholarly journals New records of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) from the Czech Republic and Slovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Komzáková ◽  
Verner Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Abstract Althogether 17 species of the family Anthomyiidae (Diptera) are recorded from the Czech Republic (or Moravia and Bohemia) (16 species) and Slovakia (1 species) for the first time. The most interesting findings are Delia dovreensis Ringdahl 1954 and northamerican species Pegomyia bifurcata Griffiths 1983.

scholarly journals Some aspects of alder decline along the Lužnice River

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vyhlídková ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
M. Rybníček ◽  
P. Čermák ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Secondary Activation

Alder decline along watercourses is one of the marked manifestations of tree decline in the Czech Republic. Local decline of alder trees is documented in the Czech Republic for about 15 years. The aim of this paper is to evaluate causes of alder decline and assess health conditions of other species of riparian stands at 2 localities on the medium reach of the Lužnice River. Effects were studied of abiotic and biotic stressors on the health condition of tree species. No fungal pathogen was found in tissues of declining alders which would be present in all trees and which could be considered to be the main causal agent of the decline. Even an occurrence of the causal agent of alder decline named alder-Phytophthora has not been proved. Tree-ring analyses demonstrated decreasing trends of an increment in alders; however, an abiotic or biotic factor showing direct effects on the fluctuation of tree ring dimensions has not been positively determined. A marked role in the alder decline is demonstrated particularly by abiotic factors accompanied by the secondary activation of some pathogens. Generally, the phenomenon can be named as polyetiologic decline.

scholarly journals Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P.&nbsp;banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P.&nbsp;leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P.&nbsp;ponderosa P. et C.&nbsp;Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens &nbsp;Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2&ndash;4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

scholarly journals Forecasting system for infection risk of phoma stem canker in selected regions of the Czech Republic in 2009–2011 

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Poslušná ◽  
E. Plachká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Ascospore Release ◽  
Forecasting System

In the period 2009&ndash;2011 monitoring of the incidence of phoma stem canker was carried out at selected sites of the Czech Republic (&Scaron;umperk and Opava regions in North Moravia). The risk of infection was evaluated by assessing the autumn release of&nbsp;Leptosphaeria&nbsp;spp. ascospores and with the proPlant prediction model. In recent years, the incidence of phoma stem canker has been relatively low and this corresponded with the total count of ascospores released in the autumn period but not with an increased level of infection risk announced by the proPlant model. During the monitored period the ascospore concentration reached maximally 2 ascospores/1 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;per day. Maximum ascospore release was recorded in 2010 as a result of favourable weather conditions. The first incidence of phoma leaf spot has been observed in mid-October. The higher values of ascospores concentration were recorded in the Opava region, but the total number of the trapped ascospores was more often higher in the &Scaron;umperk region.&nbsp;

New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4479 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES S. EISEMAN ◽  
OWEN LONSDALE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Host Species ◽  
State Records

We present rearing records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from five years of collecting throughout the United States. We review host and distribution data, and describe leaf mines, for 93 species, plus 28 others that could not be confidently identified in the absence of male specimens. We report 147 new host species records, including the first rearing records for Agromyza bispinata Spencer, A. diversa Johnson, A. parca Spencer, A. pudica Spencer, A. vockerothi Spencer, Calycomyza michiganensis Steyskal, Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch), and Phytomyza aldrichi Spencer. Phytomyza anemones Hering and (tentatively identified) Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) iraeos (Robineau-Desvoidy) are new to North America; Agromyza albitarsis Meigen, Amauromyza shepherdiae Sehgal, Aulagromyza populicola (Walker), Liriomyza orilliensis Spencer, Phytomyza linnaeae (Griffiths), P. solidaginivora Spencer, and P. solidaginophaga Sehgal are new to the USA. We also present confirmed USA records for Calycomyza menthae Spencer (previous records were based only on leaf mines), Ophiomyia maura (Meigen) (reported from the USA in older literature but deleted from the fauna in the most recent revision (Spencer & Steyskal 1986)), and Phytomyza astotinensis Griffiths and P. thalictrivora Spencer (previously only tentatively recorded from the USA). We provide 111 additional new state records. We describe the following 30 new species: Agromyza fission, A. soka, Melanagromyza palmeri, Ophiomyia euthamiae, O. mimuli, O. parda, Calycomyza artemisivora, C. avira, C. eupatoriphaga, C. vogelmanni, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) edithae, Cer. (D.) feldmani, Liriomyza ivorcutleri, L. valerianivora, Phytomyza actaeivora, P. aesculi, P. confusa, P. doellingeriae, P. erigeronis, P. hatfieldae, P. hydrophyllivora, P. palmeri, P. palustris, P. sempervirentis, P. tarnwoodensis, P. tigris, P. triangularidis, P. vancouveriella, P. verbenae, and P. ziziae. 

Establishment of the peanut bruchid (Caryedon serratus) in Australia and two new host species, Cassia brewsteri and C. tomentella

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Cunningham ◽  
K. B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
New Host ◽  
Caryedon Serratus ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
New Host Species

The distribution of Caryedon serratus, the peanut (groundnut) bruchid, on 2 Australian native plants, Cassia brewsteri and C. tomentella, was documented over 2 years. Caryedon serratus was observed across the central and northern parts of the range of C. brewsteri (latitudes 19.258–24.140˚S) and at least part of the range of C. tomentella (as far as 24.427˚S). Seed loss to C. serratus in these species assessed across all collection sites was 40 ± 8.0% (mean ± s.e.). Where the bruchid was detected at a given site, 72 ± 8.6% of pods on 71 ± 8.5% of trees were affected. Additional distribution points and other potential host species from previous C. serratus collections in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) are reported. The combined data were used to predict a potential range for the bruchid across the dry tropics of Australia. No reports of migration to cultivated or stored peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Australia were located. Further investigation of the potential impact of this bruchid on the Australian peanut industry is recommended. A potentially beneficial aspect of C. serratus establishment may be the biological control of Acacia nilotica (prickly acacia) in Australia.

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