scholarly journals Some aspects of alder decline along the Lužnice River

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vyhlídková ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
M. Rybníček ◽  
P. Čermák ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Secondary Activation

Alder decline along watercourses is one of the marked manifestations of tree decline in the Czech Republic. Local decline of alder trees is documented in the Czech Republic for about 15 years. The aim of this paper is to evaluate causes of alder decline and assess health conditions of other species of riparian stands at 2 localities on the medium reach of the Lužnice River. Effects were studied of abiotic and biotic stressors on the health condition of tree species. No fungal pathogen was found in tissues of declining alders which would be present in all trees and which could be considered to be the main causal agent of the decline. Even an occurrence of the causal agent of alder decline named alder-Phytophthora has not been proved. Tree-ring analyses demonstrated decreasing trends of an increment in alders; however, an abiotic or biotic factor showing direct effects on the fluctuation of tree ring dimensions has not been positively determined. A marked role in the alder decline is demonstrated particularly by abiotic factors accompanied by the secondary activation of some pathogens. Generally, the phenomenon can be named as polyetiologic decline.

scholarly journals Testing of germination of spruce, pine and larch seed after 10 years from collection

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
I. Tomášková ◽  
J. Vítámvás ◽  
J. Korecký
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Seed Ageing

:Germination capacity and germination energy are usually the most frequently used quantitative parameters of forest tree seed. With seed ageing both parameters decreased and the rate of the collapse is given by tree species, age of tree and its seed and biotic and abiotic factors. Relatively little attention has been paid to the age of seed. As it was found, the longevity of the main tree species remained relatively high, and spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten and pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the investigated areas across the Czech Republic maintained minimally one third of germination capacity or germination energy during the 10 years with the exception of larch (Larix decidua Mill.) where germination capacity decreased almost to zero after 10 years. Although the germination energy and germination capacity decreased significantly, it is possible to use the seed in the case of shortage of the seed of better quality.  

scholarly journals Comparison of the welfare of laying hens, broiler chickens and turkeys in terms of bird health as surveyed during inspection in slaughterhouses

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Lenka Večerková ◽  
Eva Voslářová ◽  
Vladimír Večerek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Total Ratio

During the period 2010–2017 we monitored 17 346 183 laying hens, 887 994 167 broiler chickens and 919 843 turkeys slaughtered at slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic. In cooperation with the State Veterinary Administration, we recorded findings detected in slaughtered birds within the post mortem veterinary inspection. We analysed the total number of patho-anatomical findings (of intravital origin) and the number of findings divided into acute, chronic and traumatic diseases. In hens, the total ratio of the number of patho-anatomical intravital findings to the number of slaughtered birds (index) was found to be 0.378. This index of the incidence of patho-anatomical findings in hens was higher (P < 0.001) than that found in broilers (0.016) and turkeys (0.101). The prevailing findings in hens were chronic changes (26.32%), followed by acute changes (5.29%), but also notable were traumatic changes (3.90%). Compared to the findings in broilers which were divided into chronic (0.34%), acute (0.10%) and traumatic diseases (0.02%) and turkey findings which were broken down into chronic (7.60%), acute (0.16%) and traumatic diseases (0.33%), the findings of acute, chronic and traumatic diseases were higher (P < 0.001) in hens than in broilers and turkeys. These findings show that the health condition and hence the welfare of laying hens as reflected in the patho-anatomical findings during the veterinary inspection of slaughtered birds is significantly worse than the health condition of broilers and turkeys. This demonstrates the need for increased care for laying hens both on farms and in transit to the slaughterhouse.

scholarly journals Comparing methods for assessing the health of regeneration in Scots pine culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Sierota ◽  
Monika Małecka ◽  
Marta Damszel
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Field Assessment

Abstract This study’s aim was to describe the health condition of Scots pine cultures of up to 10 years old using and comparing various field assessment methods. Since forest districts report on the health of stands annually, we assumed that for a proper health analysis it is necessary to develop a simple and yet reliable assessment method that allows for determining the share of fungal pathogen infection in the stand (both foliar and root pathogens) and their differentiation from symptoms of abiotic factors such as drought. Six different methods of health assessment were tested in selected Forest Districts across Poland. We found that the most reliable assessment of the health condition of young stands is obtained with the surface method ‘MF’ (phytopathological monitoring method) and the linear ‘Z’ method, which uses transects of 30 meters in three rows in the shape of the letter Z.

scholarly journals Incidence and distribution of Botrytis convoluta in a collection of Iris × barbata irises and options of control

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Ivana Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Few Data

In the years 2005–2007 in a collection of Iris × barbata irises in the Botanical Garden and Arboretum of MZLU in Brno a disease spread appearing in symptoms of poor budding and growth of the irises, or rotting and dying off of the rhizomes. As the causal agent we identified the fungus Botrytis convoluta. In the present study we describe the isolated pathogen. The disease appears in a number of species of the genus Iris and has been reported in the USA, Europe, Israel and Japan. Over a period of three years we evaluated the frequency of incidence of the pathogen in 527 iris cultivars and its distribution on five plots. While in the first year the incidence of the pathogen appeared in 4.4–28.7 % plants, in the last year of our investigations the pathogen spread to 17.7–66.6 % plants. In the course of three years seven cultivars out of the 527 planted out died as a result of B. convoluta attack (i.e. 1.33 %). The results were processed statistically. Spacing of the plants and gradient of the plot influenced the spreading of the pathogen. The weather in the winter played an important role, particularly mild and humid winters with temperatures above 0 °C. Even though B. convoluta was and remains to be a factor limiting the overwintering of irises, there are very few data on fungicide control of irises. Even fewer data are available about the control of irises against latently infected rhizomes. At the present time no fungicides protecting irises against this pathogen have been registered in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Tests for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pokorova ◽  
V. Piackova ◽  
A. Cizek ◽  
S. Reschova ◽  
J. Hulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Koi Carp ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pcr Method

An outbreak of koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection associated with high mortality of common and koi carp was recorded in the USA and Israel in 1998. At present, this disease is viewed as one of the most significant factors that can adversely affect common and koi carp breeds. The disease has spread worldwide including European countries neighbouring with the Czech Republic (CR), i.e. Germany, Poland, and Austria. To monitor the situation in the CR, samples were collected from a total of 138 common and koi carps in seven and eight locations in CR respectively, and were examined between 2005 and 2006. Locations owned by the major producers of common and koi carp were selected with respect of potential occurrence of the KHV virus. No records of increased mortality and morbidity were noticed there. Preferentially carps with non-specific symptoms of disease were sampled, often with isolated skin erosions. To obtain detailed picture about health condition of examined fish the bacteriological and haematological examinations were accomplished. The next part of the examined samples were carp and koi carp for export from professional breeders, imported koi carp and fish from breeds with increased mortality (45 and 21 fish in 2005 and 2006, respectively) The only virological testing was done in this case. The culture and PCR method, according to Gilad et al. (2002) showed negative results for virus KHV in all years. Retrospective investigation by PCR method according to Bercovier et al. (2005) showed positivity in five locations in 2005. In 2006, KHV virus was not detected in any of the selected locations. The aim of our study was to find out the presence/absence of KHV in selected locations and potential correlation of virological, bacteriological and haematological findings. The results of first testing for presence of koi herpesvirus indicates the necessity of regular KHV monitoring in the Czech Republic in the next period.

scholarly journals Distribution of Apple stem grooving virus in apple trees in the Czech Republic

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
J. Zieglerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Apple Stem Grooving Virus ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
High Incidence

From 1997 to 2000 the distribution of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) in selected intensive apple orchards was investigated at six sites in the Czech Republic. Detection of ASGV was by ELISA. The virus was found to be commonly distributed; it was detected in over 50 % of the tested trees. Some cultivars were infected up to 100 %, while several were found to be virus-free. A high incidence of infected trees appeared in both older (20 years) and younger (7 to 8 years) orchards. This emphasizes the necessity to initiate the certification of the health condition of nursery material according to the system recommended by the EPPO.

scholarly journals The health condition of immigrants at a selected locality of the Czech Republic: II - dependence, nourishment, transport

Kontakt ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Brabcová ◽  
Alena Machová ◽  
Miluše Vítečková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Patho-anatomic findings in finisher pigs, sows, and piglets detected during veterinary slaughterhouse inspection

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Vladimír Večerek ◽  
Eva Voslářová ◽  
Zbyněk Semerád
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The number of patho-anatomic findings detected during the veterinary examination of slaughtered pigs was analyzed. From 2010 to 2017, a total of 20 550 072 finisher pigs, 484 710 sows, and 94 279 piglets were slaughtered in the Czech Republic. By comparing the overall amount of patho-anatomic findings expressed as an index of the ratio of the number of findings to the number of slaughtered animals, the highest incidence of patho-anatomic findings was determined in piglets (index 1.52), followed by sows (index 1.23), and the lowest in finisher pigs (index 0.81). The most numerous was the occurrence of chronic findings (finisher pigs: index 0.724%, sows: 0.926, piglets: 0.877). Furthermore, a high frequency of acute findings was found (finisher pigs: index 0.037, sows: 0.207, piglets: 0.373). The findings of traumatic and parasitic nature were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those of chronic and acute character. The differences in the total number of findings and in the number of findings by the type of damage were significant (P < 0.001) between the individual pig categories. The results show that the worst health condition was observed in piglets, followed by sows, and the best in finisher pigs. Furthermore, the number of findings was significantly decreasing in finisher pigs (r = -0.7143, P = 0.047); no significant change was found in sows (r = -0.643, P = 0.086); however, it was significantly increasing in piglets (r = +0.857, P = 0.007). Therefore, there is a particular need for health improvement in piglets and also in sows.

scholarly journals A tree-ring perspective on temporal changes in the frequency and intensity of hydroclimatic extremes in the territory of the Czech Republic since 761 AD

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1453-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dobrovolný ◽  
M. Rybníček ◽  
T. Kolář ◽  
R. Brázdil ◽  
M. Trnka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
The Czech Republic

Abstract. It is generally accepted that anthropogenic-induced climate change may affect the frequency and intensity of hydrological extremes, together with a variety of subsequent impacts on ecosystems and human society. Proxy records that are absolutely dated and annually resolved are indispensable to a better understanding of temporal changes in the occurrence of floods and droughts. This contribution presents a new data set of 3194 oak (Quercus spp.) ring width samples from living trees and historical timbers, collected across the Czech Republic. A composite tree-ring width (TRW) chronology is developed that best captures the high-frequency extremes over the past 1250 years. The temporal distribution of negative and positive extremes is regular with no indication of clustering. The highest number of negative extremes was found in the 19th century, while positive extremes were most frequent in the 12th century. The lowest number of negative and positive extremes occurred in the 18th and 13th centuries respectively. Negative and positive TRW extremes were compared with the instrumental measurements back to 1805 AD, with documentary-based temperature and precipitation reconstructions from 1804 to 1500, and with documentary evidence before 1500 AD. Negative TRW extremes coincided with above-average March–May and June–August temperature means and below-average precipitation totals. Positive extremes coincided with higher summer precipitation, while temperatures were mostly normal. Mean sea level pressure (SLP) over the European/North Atlantic sector suggested drought for the negative oak TRW extremes, whereas the positive extremes corresponded to wetter conditions overall. More consistent patterns of synoptic SLP were found for negative rather than for positive extremes. Reasons for the possible offset between the oak-based hydroclimatic extremes and their counterparts from meteorological observations and documentary evidence may be manifold and emphasize the need for multi-proxy approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document