scholarly journals Yielding of two types of maize cultivars in relation to selected agrotechnical factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jagła ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Clear Result ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Np Fertilizer

The study presents the results of field experiments, the aim of which was to assess the yield of maize cultivars with different genetic profiles depending on the method of soil preparation for sowing and the method of NP fertilizer application. The yield and water content in the grain were significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn ploughing), stay-green type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize yielding. The stay-green cultivar yielded at a higher level compared to the fast maturing cultivar, the difference being significant in the year characterized by unfavourable distribution (deficit) of precipitation in the growing season. The stay-green cultivar reacted favourably to the localized application of NP fertilizer, the clear result of which was the increase in grain yield. Direct maize sowing significantly reduced the number of production ears per surface area unit and the number of grains on the ear. Selection of the stay-green cultivar and row fertilization with NP fertilizer improved this condition.  

scholarly journals The Role of Agrotechnical Factors in Shaping the Protein Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6833
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
Marta Ligaj
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Maize Protein ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Np Fertilizer

The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors. The test results are derived from two different field experiments covering a total of seven years of observation. Protein yield was significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Protein yield was significantly lower in the dry and hot years. The sum of precipitation for the month of May was positively correlated with maize protein yield. However, there was no correlation between the average air temperature and the amount of protein yield. The sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X) shaped maize protein yield in over 96%. A non-linear relationship of the 2nd degree was determined between these traits. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage), “stay-green” type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield. Initial fertilization (regardless of depth) with two-component NP fertilizer, in relation to broadcast fertilization, significantly increased maize protein yield from 11.4% to 18%, respectively. The type of nitrogen fertilizer did not differentiate the value of this trait. Pre-sowing nitrogen application was more effective compared to the top dressing, and significantly increased protein yield. Row fertilization with two-component NP fertilizer clearly affected the content protein in grain. The interdependence of genetic and agronomic progress is an important factor shaping the potential of maize protein yield and cannot be attributed to either breeding (cultivar) or agronomy.

Nodulation of Legumes in the Sudan III. Response of Haricot Bean to Inoculation

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Habish ◽  
Hassan M. Ishag
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYField experiments conducted in two localities in two growing seasons on the effect of inoculating haricot bean showed that a local strain of Rhizobium significantly improved nodulation and usually increased the nitrogen content of plants. In three out of four experiments, increases in seed yield were obtained ranging from 20–145 Per cent (significant in two cases). Inoculation was better than 43 kg. N/ha. of combined nitrogen but not better than 86 kg. N. Soil inoculation gave better early nodulation than seed inoculation, but the difference diminished in the later stages of plant growth.

scholarly journals Influence of different sowing density in two varieties of maize. Part I. Relation to yielding

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Piotr Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
First Order ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Lower Plant

Summary A study was carried out to determine the effect of sowing density on the yield of maize of two different varieties. The field experiment was carried out in 2012–2014 at the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences. The first-order factor was the variety: SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green”; the second-order factor was sowing density: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 plants per m2. Weather conditions during the maize growing seasons significantly influenced the values of the studied traits. Significantly the lowest green mass yield of maize was obtained at the sowing density of 6 plants m−2, and the highest for 10 plants m−2. The “stay-green” variety significantly responded to an increase in sowing density with reduced fresh weight of leaf blades of a single plant compared with the conventional variety. This indicated highly effective photosynthesis with a lower plant density per unit area, which is also the basis for effective absorption of solar radiation for these maize varieties.

EFFECT OF DAILY WEATHER CONDITIONS ON BLOAT IN CATTLE FED FRESH ALFALFA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. HALL ◽  
W. MAJAK ◽  
R. J. WILLIAMS ◽  
R. E. HOWARTH
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux ◽  
The Difference

Daily weather records from seven consecutive growing seasons and daily nitrogen levels in alfalfa herbage from the last four seasons were studied in order to identify relationships with bloat in cattle. The cattle tended to bloat as a group rather than independently. Bloat occurred on at least 30% of the days observed in each season but in the two driest, warmest years the percentages increased to 46 and 63. Days on which bloat occurred were preceded by lower maximum and minimum temperatures on the average than days on which bloat did not occur but the difference in temperature was small. On a daily basis no differences were observed between days of bloat and no bloat in hours of sunshine, temperature range, precipitation, solar radiation flux or potential evapotranspiration. The concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble protein nitrogen in the feed was higher on days when bloat occurred than when it did not occur. Key words: Pasture bloat, alfalfa, cattle, climate, evapotranspiration

scholarly journals The pathogenicity and importance of seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Aarne Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana decreased the percentage germination of barley seeds and the emergence of seedlings. Infection levels were higher in non-germinated than in germinated seeds. Seed treatment with organomercurial fungicide or imazalil improved the percentage emergence but a low number of diseased seedlings still remained in the crops. The fungus caused a reduction in grain yields in most experiments and also decreased their value as sowing seed, if the weather conditions were favourable for compute disease expression. Yield losses in greenhouse experiments varied from 7.2 to 38.5 % and in the field from 5 to 11 %, and showed a strong correlation with the infection levels in the seed stocks. Higher losses were associated with the six-row cultivars. Organomercury seed treatment resulted in a slight but in significant increase in yields but it was able to prevent an occurrence of secondary infection in the crop resulting in a lower seed infection levels of the grain. In field experiments in Inari (69° N.L.) seed-borne inoculum could be demonstrated clearly to be the only source of a severe disease outbreak. The inoculum remaining in the soil was capable of initiating soil-borne infection of barley seedlings during the following two growing seasons.

Co-limitation of nitrogen and water, and yield and resource-use efficiencies of wheat and barley

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mariano Cossani ◽  
Gustavo A. Slafer ◽  
Roxana Savin
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Attainable Yield

In semiarid Mediterranean environments, low nitrogen (N) and water availabilities are key constraints to cereal productivity. Theoretically, for a given level of N or water stress, crops perform better when co-limitation occurs. Empirical evidence of this theoretical concept with field crops is rather scarce. Using data from field experiments we evaluated whether N-use efficiency (NUE) and water-use efficiency (WUE) in small grain cereals increases with the degree of co-limitation. Four field experiments were carried out during three growing seasons including factorial combinations of bread wheat, durum wheat and barley, grown under different N fertiliser rates and water regimes. Yield gap was calculated as the difference between maximum attainable yield and actual yield while stress indices for N (NSI) or water (WSI) were calculated as the ratios between actual N uptake or water use and those required to achieve maximum yields, respectively. Water and N co-limitation was calculated as C WN = 1 – |NSI–WSI|. The relationships of yield gap, NUE and WUE with the different co-limitation indices were evaluated. Yield gap (range from –3.8 to –8.1 Mg ha–1) enlarged (was more negative) with the highest levels of stress and, as expected from theory, it was reduced with the degree of co-limitation. WUE ranged from 6.3 to 21.8 kg ha–1 mm–1 with the maximum values observed under conditions in which co-limitation increased. Reduction in yield gap with increased degree of co-limitation was mainly due to a positive effect of this variable on WUE.

Fertilizer utilization studies in cotton using 15N and 32P labeled fertilizers

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Skarlou ◽  
E. Papanicolaou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
N. Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

SUMMARYTwo field experiments with cotton were conducted over two growing seasons on calcareous, heavy to medium textured, alluvial soils, to study the influence of N and P fertilizer rates, the method of fertilizer placement and the time of N fertilizer application on cotton yield, product quality and fertilizer utilization.Nitrogen application up to 50 kg/ha in the first experiment and up to 120 kg/ha in the second experiment increased seed cotton yield; higher nitrogen rates in the first experiment had an adverse effect on seed production due to abnormal rainfall which caused an intense vegetative growth and delayed the time of maturity.Split application of N at sowing and at early flowering was slightly superior to a single application at sowing or to split applications at sowing, early flowering and initiation of fruiting. Addition of nitrogen during the flowering stage failed to influence cotton production significantly.Banding P and N fertilizers increased plant height significantly, compared with the broadcasting method; placement methods, however, did not significantly affect seed yield.Increasing amounts of N and P fertilizers had essentially no effect on lint quality.The phosphate concentrations in the tops derived from fertilizer phosphate, were low ranging from 1–2 to 2–4 % of the P concentration in the tops and it was not affected by the different treatments.The utilization coefficients of the nitrogen fertilizer sources by cotton were high, nitrate N being utilized much more efficiently than ammonium N.

scholarly journals Agronomic Assessment of Fibrous Flax and Linseed Advanced Breeding Lines as Potential New Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Marcin Praczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Wielgusz
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Structure

The aim of the study was to determine the breeding value of advanced lines of fibrous flax and oilseed flax (linseed) on the basis of comparative experiments with reference varieties. In field experiments conducted in 2019–2020, the HDH line of fibrous flax and the R26 linseed line were assessed in terms of significant phenotypic traits and also traits affecting the yield structure. Due to the fundamentally different weather conditions in the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, it was also possible to determine the susceptibility of the studied genotypes of flax to climatic stress factors. The obtained results showed the high breeding value of the HDH line as a potential new variety of fibrous flax. The R26 line did not exceed the reference varieties in terms of the traits essential for the oily form of the cultivated flax cultivars, but it was characterized by a favorable morphological and yield-forming structure for dual purpose varieties. Moreover, both assessed lines showed high resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions.

FARMERS' PERCEPTIONS, PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE IN A SAHELIAN IRRIGATED RICE SCHEME

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Haefele ◽  
M. C. S. Wopereis ◽  
C. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
And Performance

Combined socio-economic and agronomic surveys were conducted during two growing seasons with 20 rice (Orgyza sativa) farmers in the irrigation scheme of Guédé, northern Senegal. Farmers' knowledge of recommended cropping practices was relatively poor. The surveys identified sub-optimal timing of N fertilizer application and late harvesting as major constraints. Before the start of the second season, farmers were given field-specific recommendations on timing of key crop-management interventions. Average yield compared with the first season increased by more than 1 t ha−1, which was attributed to a slightly higher recovery efficiency of fertilizer N (REN) (average: 0.47 kg crop N kg−1 fertilizer N), a change in cultivars used (resulting in a better uptake of indigenous soil N) and more favourable weather conditions in general. It is concluded that if farmers are given better access to information, improved rice technologies, inputs and decision making, rice production on irrigated land in West Africa may leap forward rapidly, as potential production gains are still large.

Optimizing genotype-environment-management interactions to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
L Zhang ◽  
Z Zhang ◽  
J Cao ◽  
Y Luo ◽  
Z Li
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Silage Maize

Grain maize production exceeds the demand for grain maize in China. Methods for harvesting good-quality silage maize urgently need a theoretical basis and reference data in order to ensure its benefits to farmers. However, research on silage maize is limited, and very few studies have focused on its energetic value and quality. Here, we calibrated the CERES-Maize model for 24 cultivars with 93 field experiments and then performed a long-term (1980-2017) simulation to optimize genotype-environment-management (G-E-M) interactions in the 4 main agroecological zones across China. We found that CERES-Maize could reproduce the growth and development of maize well under various management and weather conditions with a phenology bias of <5 d and biomass relative root mean square error values of <5%. The simulated results showed that sowing long-growth-cycle cultivars approximately 10 d in advance could yield good-quality silage. The optimal sowing dates (from late May to July) and harvest dates (from early October to mid-November) gradually became later from north to south. A high-energy yield was expected when sowing at an early date and/or with late-maturing cultivars. We found that Northeast China and the North China Plain were potential silage maize growing areas, although these areas experienced a medium or even high frost risk. Southwestern maize experienced a low risk level, but the low soil fertility limited the attainable yield. The results of this paper provide information for designing an optimal G×E×M strategy to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt.

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