scholarly journals Long-term rotation fertilisation has differential effects on soil phosphorus

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiu-Xiang Wen ◽  
Shi-Yu Zhang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jin-Feng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available P ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
Total P

The application of organic fertiliser is a commonly used method to improve the utilisation efficiency of phosphorus (P) fertiliser. However, long-term over-fertilisation will cause environmental pollution. This study analysed a field test was conducted to study the impacts of P forms in soil under long-term (40 years) rotation fertilisation, to evaluate the contribution of different fertilisation to the available P form, to clarify how to apply pig manure to improve the concentration of available P forms. The results show that the main P compounds were orthophosphate and phosphate monoester. The combination of a high amount of manure and NPK fertilisers can increase the content of orthophosphate that can be absorbed and utilised by crops, the orthophosphate was 477.2 mg/kg, and phosphate monoester was 190.4 mg/kg. The long-term addition of nitrogen fertiliser significantly reduced the pH value of soil, and the addition of manure slowed down the trend of pH reduction. Furthermore, manure in combination with NPK fertiliser, can extremely increase the total P extracted by NaOH-EDTA by changing soil pH. The NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-soluble P (Ca<sub>2</sub>-P), NH<sub>4</sub>Ac-soluble P (Ca<sub>8</sub>-P), NH<sub>4</sub>F-soluble P (Al-P), and occluded-P (O-P) were positively correlated with orthophosphate, while middle stable and high stable organic P was positively correlated with monophosphate.  

scholarly journals Surface soil phosphorus and phosphatase activities affected by tillage and crop residue input amounts

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Wang ◽  
Z.H. Chen ◽  
L.J. Chen ◽  
A.N. Zhu ◽  
Z.J. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Available P ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Soil P ◽  
No Till ◽  
Total P

The effects of tillage and residue input amounts on soil phosphatase (alkaline phosphomonoesterase ALP, acid phosphomonoesterase ACP, phosphodiesterase PD, and inorganic pyrophosphatase IPP) activities and soil phosphorus (P) forms (total P, organic P, and available P) were evaluated using soils collected from a three-year experiment. The results showed that no-till increased soil total and organic P, but not available P as compared to conventional tillage treatments. Total P was increased as inputs of crop residue increased for no-till treatment. There were higher ALP and IPP activities in no-till treatments, while higher PD activity was found in tillage treatments and tillage had no significant effect on ACP activity. Overall phosphatase activities increased with an increase of crop residue amounts. Soil total P was correlated negatively with PD activity and positively with other phosphatase activities. Organic P had a positive correlation with ACP activity, but a negative correlation with PD activity. Available P had no significant correlation with phosphatase activities. Our data suggests that no-till and residue input could increase soil P contents and enhance the activities of phosphatase.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus availability and soybean response to phosphorus starter fertilizer

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
Alexandre Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Surface Spread ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus fixation in tropical soils may decrease under no-till. In this case, P fertilizer could be surface-spread, which would improve farm operations by decreasing the time spend in reloading the planter with fertilizers. In the long term, less soluble P sources could be viable. In this experiment, the effect of surface-broadcast P fertilization with both soluble and reactive phosphates on soil P forms and availability to soybean was studied with or without fertilization with soluble P in the planting furrow in a long-term experiment in which soybean was grown in rotation with Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis). No P or 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple superphosphate or Arad reactive rock phosphate was applied on the surface of a soil with variable P fertilization history. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60 cm and soil P was fractionated. Soybean was grown with 0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple phosphate applied in the seed furrow. Both fertilizers applied increased available P in the uppermost soil layers and the moderately labile organic and inorganic forms of P in the soil profile, probably as result of root decay. Soybean responded to phosphates applied on the soil surface or in the seed furrow; however, application of soluble P in the seed furrow should not be discarded. In tropical soils with a history of P fertilization, soluble P sources may be substituted for natural reactive phosphates broadcast on the surface. The planting operation may be facilitated through reduction in the rate of P applied in the planting furrow in relation to the rates currently applied.

scholarly journals Implications of long-term superphosphate applications on the accumulation and plant availability of soil phosphorus under irrigated pastures

1990 ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
L.M. Condron ◽  
K.M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Apparent Stability

Changes in soil phosphorus (P) associated with the establishment and maintenance of improved ryegrass-clover pasture under different superphosphate fertiliser treatments were examined over a 20-year period (1957-77). Results showed that soil organic P increased with increasing applications of P fertiliser. This represents a dynamic balance between rates of organic P addition and breakdown in the soil. This balance is reached slowly and may be significantly altered only by drastic changes in land use. In annually fertilised soils, amounts of inorganic P increased with time. However, the potential utilisation of this residual inorganic P is limited by its apparent stability in the soil. Keywords grazed pasture, irrigation, fertiliser P, soil inorganic P, soil organic P, soil P fractionation

scholarly journals Effects of Pig Slurry Application and Crops on Phosphorus Content in Soil and the Chemical Species in Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lessandro De Conti ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Lorensini ◽  
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Available P ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
P Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Total P

The application of pig slurry rates and plant cultivation can modify the soil phosphorus (P) content and distribution of chemical species in solution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total P, available P and P in solution, and the distribution of chemical P species in solution, in a soil under longstanding pig slurry applications and crop cultivation. The study was carried out in soil columns with undisturbed structure, collected in an experiment conducted for eight years in the experimental unit of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria (RS). The soil was an Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico (Typic Hapludalf), subjected to applications of 0, 20, 40, and 80 m3 ha-1 pig slurry. Soil samples were collected from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-60 cm, before and after black oat and maize grown in a greenhouse, for the determination of available P, total P and P in the soil solution. In the solution, the concentration of the major cations, anions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pH were determined. The distribution of chemical P species was determined by software Visual Minteq. The 21 pig slurry applications increased the total P content in the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and the P extracted by Mehlich-1 and from the solution to a depth of 30 cm. Successive applications of pig slurry changed the balance between the solid and liquid phases in the surface soil layers, increasing the proportion of the total amount of P present in the soil solution, aside from changing the chemical species in the solution, reducing the percentage complexed with Al and increasing the one complexed with Ca and Mg in the layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm. Black oat and maize cultivation increased pH in the solution, thereby increasing the proportion of HPO42- and reducing H2PO4- species.

THE INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOIL PHOSPHORUS ACROSS A NARROW ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. ROBERTS ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. R. BETTANY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Total P

A sequential extraction procedure was used to determine phosphorus fractions (resin, bicarbonate, hydroxide, sonicated hydroxide, acid and acid-peroxide digest with separate organic and inorganic P determinations) in surface and subsurface horizons taken from the upper, mid- and lower slope positions of four catenas (representing Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soils, and a Luvisolic soil) which encompass a narrow environmental gradient of climate (annual precipitation: 300–475 mm) and vegetation. Trends in the local distribution of organic and inorganic soil P between upper and lower slope positions in any one catena were similar to the regional distribution patterns across all soil zones. Concentration of organic P, in both the surface and subsurface horizons, increased from the upper to the lower slope positions and from the Brown to the Black soils, while inorganic P decreased. The largest single organic fraction (hydroxide extractable) accounted for up to 22 and 17% of the total P (surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). Acid extractable P dominated the inorganic fractions, accounting for 40–63% of the total P (surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). The distribution of organic P along the catenas and among the soil zones was related to the transformations of inorganic P caused by differences in weathering intensity between slope positions and across the Province. Key words: Catena, climo-toposequence, sequential P extraction

Influence of long-term irrigation on the distribution and availability of soil phosphorus under permanent pasture

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Condron ◽  
S. Sinaj ◽  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
J. Dudler-Guela ◽  
J. T. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
P Movement

This study examined the influence of irrigation on soil phosphorus (P) distribution and availability under permanent pasture in New Zealand. Soil samples (0–0.075, 0.075–0.15, 0.15–0.25 m) were taken from a long-term field experiment, which included a dryland and 2 irrigation treatments (irrigated at 10% and 20% soil moisture) that had received 25 kg P/ha annually as superphosphate for 52 years. Corresponding data for soil from an adjacent ‘wilderness’ site that had not been used for agriculture for 54 years were included for comparison. Analyses included total P, organic P, and inorganic P; isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) was used to determine soil inorganic P pools of differing plant availability. Concentrations of total and inorganic P were greater in soil taken from the dryland treatment than the irrigated treatments at all depths. This was attributed to a combination of decreased pasture growth and P transfer in drainage and off-farm produce. Concentrations of organic P were greater in the irrigated treatments (e.g. 0–0.075 m: 672–709 mg P/kg) than in the dryland treatment (e.g. 0–0.075 m: 574 mg P/kg) as a consequence of increased pasture production and soil biological activity. Inorganic P availability (Cp and E1min) was also greater in the dryland treatment than the irrigated treatments. Furthermore, concentrations of inorganic P in the recalcitrant IEK pool (E>3m = E3m–1y + E>1y) in the 0–0.075 m soil from the dryland treatment (479 mg P/kg) were significantly greater than the 10% irrigated (346 mg P/kg) and 20% irrigated (159 mg P/kg) treatments, which was mainly attributed to physico-chemical reactions that decreased the exchangeability of accumulated inorganic P with time. Despite increased P retention capacity at depth (R/r1, 0.15–0.25 m: dryland 6.6, 10% irrigated 10.2, 20% irrigated 12.8), concentrations of total inorganic P in the 0.15–0.25 m soil layer were lower under irrigation (195–266 mg P/kg) than dryland (354 mg P/kg), which indicated that long-term flood irrigation increased P transfer by leaching. The findings of this study revealed that while irrigation improved the utilisation of applied fertiliser P it also resulted in increased P movement to depth in the soil profile.

Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musibau O. Azeez ◽  
Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽  
Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for &gt;100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for &gt;100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

Characterization of soil P in coastal forest chronosequences of southern Vancouver Island: effects of climate and harvesting disturbance

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Preston ◽  
J. A. Trofymow
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Total P

Limitation of tree growth due to inadequate P supply has been found for young plantations following harvesting of old-growth in high rainfall areas of coastal British Columbia. To understand the reasons for P limitation, we investigated P chemistry in mineral soil to 50 cm depth in sites from the Coastal Forest Chronosequence project on Vancouver Island. This allowed comparison of biogeoclimatic subzone (higher rainfall on west than east coast sites) and of time from harvesting disturbance (seral stage). Available (Bray 1) P was significantly higher (P < 0.001) on the drier east side (up to 50 mg kg−1), than on the west side (<5 mg kg−1), although total P values were less divergent (694 mg kg−1, east and 534 mg kg−1, west). There were no significant seral stage effects on total and available P. Extraction with 0.5 M NaOH recovered 50–60% of total P, except for samples from 10–30 cm depth on the west side, for which only 20% was recovered, an effect not found for C. Analysis of the NaOH extracts by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed much higher proportions of orthophosphate P on the east side. West side extracts were higher in organic P forms, especially diesters, typical of forest ecosystems with restricted nutrient cycling and high precipitation. On the west side, low concentrations of available P, higher proportions of organic P in NaOH extracts, and depression of NaOH extractability at 10–30 cm are consistent with P being a limiting nutrient for tree growth, a problem that may be exacerbated by harvesting disturbance. Key words: Forest chronosequences, harvesting disturbance, 31P NMR, P cycling, organic P

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus sorption properties in different fertilization systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szara ◽  
Tomasz Sosulski ◽  
Magdalena Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Sorption Coefficient ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Content ◽  
Sorption Parameters ◽  
Total P

The study aimed at the evaluation of the accumulation and vertical distribution of different forms of phosphorus (P) in reference to phosphorus sorption properties subject to mineral (NPK), mineral-organic (NPK + M), and organic (M) fertilisation. It was carried out in a long-term experimental field in Skierniewice (Central Poland) conducted since 1923 under rye monoculture. Total P content in the M and NPK soil profile was similar and lower than in the NPK + M soil. The content of organic P in A<sub>p</sub> and E<sub>et</sub> horizons of both manured soils was similar and higher than in the NPK soil. The Langmuir P sorption maximum (S<sub>max</sub>) in the studied soils ranged from 39.7 to 90 mg P/kg, while the Freundlich P sorption coefficient a<sub>F</sub> ranged from 6.9 to 41.9 mg P/kg. Higher variability of parameters related to the binding energy from the Lanqmuir (k) and Freundlich (a<sub>F</sub>) equations was determined between soil horizons than between the fertilisation systems. Nonetheless, in M and NPK + M soils, sorption parameters a<sub>F</sub> and S<sub>max</sub> and binding energy (k, b<sub>F</sub>) were considerably lower than in the NPK soil. The content of water extracted P in manured soils was higher than in the NPK soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
V. Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil Solution P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Term Field

Soil samples (from Czech and German long-term field experiments) were used to estimate different soil phosphorus (P) fractions. More than 200 topsoil (0–30 cm) samples from different fertilizing treatments were taken. These were analyzed for P in soil solution (P<sub>CaCl2</sub>) [0.01M CaCl<sub>2</sub> extract], exchangeable sorbed P (P<sub>ex</sub>) [anion exchange (AE) membranes] and bioavailable P [Doppel-Lactat and Mehlich 3 (P<sub>DL</sub> and P<sub>M3</sub>)]. Other fractions analyzed were total inorganic (P<sub>in</sub>), total (P<sub>M-tot</sub>) and organic (P<sub>org</sub>) P [fractionation after Marks], P sorbed on Fe and Al (P<sub>FeAl</sub>) [fractionation after Schwertmann] and residual P (P<sub>ar</sub>) [aqua regia extract]. Comparison of medians appeared to be better for evaluating extraction abilities. Phosphorus fractions were in the following order: (P<sub>ar</sub> = 100%); P<sub>CaCl2</sub> (0.2%) < P<sub>ex</sub> (9%) < P<sub>DL</sub> (10%) < P<sub>M3 </sub> (16%) < P<sub>in</sub> (24%) < P<sub>org</sub> (37%) < P<sub>FeAl</sub> (55%) < P<sub>M-tot</sub> (59%). Low amounts of P<sub>in</sub>, P<sub>org</sub> and P<sub>M-tot</sub> did not verify the applicability of the Marks’ fractionation for the set of studied soils. Close correlations at <I>P</I> ≤ 0.001 were found for all methods for estimating the fractions of bioavailable phosphates (P<sub>CaCl2</sub>, P<sub>ex</sub>, P<sub>DL</sub> and P<sub>M3</sub>). Statistically significant relations were observed between P<sub>in</sub> with P<sub>ar</sub>, P<sub>M-tot</sub> and P<sub>FeAl</sub>.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document