Influence of long-term irrigation on the distribution and availability of soil phosphorus under permanent pasture

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Condron ◽  
S. Sinaj ◽  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
J. Dudler-Guela ◽  
J. T. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
P Movement

This study examined the influence of irrigation on soil phosphorus (P) distribution and availability under permanent pasture in New Zealand. Soil samples (0–0.075, 0.075–0.15, 0.15–0.25 m) were taken from a long-term field experiment, which included a dryland and 2 irrigation treatments (irrigated at 10% and 20% soil moisture) that had received 25 kg P/ha annually as superphosphate for 52 years. Corresponding data for soil from an adjacent ‘wilderness’ site that had not been used for agriculture for 54 years were included for comparison. Analyses included total P, organic P, and inorganic P; isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) was used to determine soil inorganic P pools of differing plant availability. Concentrations of total and inorganic P were greater in soil taken from the dryland treatment than the irrigated treatments at all depths. This was attributed to a combination of decreased pasture growth and P transfer in drainage and off-farm produce. Concentrations of organic P were greater in the irrigated treatments (e.g. 0–0.075 m: 672–709 mg P/kg) than in the dryland treatment (e.g. 0–0.075 m: 574 mg P/kg) as a consequence of increased pasture production and soil biological activity. Inorganic P availability (Cp and E1min) was also greater in the dryland treatment than the irrigated treatments. Furthermore, concentrations of inorganic P in the recalcitrant IEK pool (E>3m = E3m–1y + E>1y) in the 0–0.075 m soil from the dryland treatment (479 mg P/kg) were significantly greater than the 10% irrigated (346 mg P/kg) and 20% irrigated (159 mg P/kg) treatments, which was mainly attributed to physico-chemical reactions that decreased the exchangeability of accumulated inorganic P with time. Despite increased P retention capacity at depth (R/r1, 0.15–0.25 m: dryland 6.6, 10% irrigated 10.2, 20% irrigated 12.8), concentrations of total inorganic P in the 0.15–0.25 m soil layer were lower under irrigation (195–266 mg P/kg) than dryland (354 mg P/kg), which indicated that long-term flood irrigation increased P transfer by leaching. The findings of this study revealed that while irrigation improved the utilisation of applied fertiliser P it also resulted in increased P movement to depth in the soil profile.

scholarly journals Implications of long-term superphosphate applications on the accumulation and plant availability of soil phosphorus under irrigated pastures

1990 ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
L.M. Condron ◽  
K.M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Apparent Stability

Changes in soil phosphorus (P) associated with the establishment and maintenance of improved ryegrass-clover pasture under different superphosphate fertiliser treatments were examined over a 20-year period (1957-77). Results showed that soil organic P increased with increasing applications of P fertiliser. This represents a dynamic balance between rates of organic P addition and breakdown in the soil. This balance is reached slowly and may be significantly altered only by drastic changes in land use. In annually fertilised soils, amounts of inorganic P increased with time. However, the potential utilisation of this residual inorganic P is limited by its apparent stability in the soil. Keywords grazed pasture, irrigation, fertiliser P, soil inorganic P, soil organic P, soil P fractionation

scholarly journals Comparison of soil phosphorus and phosphatase activity under long-term no-tillage and maize residue management

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhu Yang ◽  
Xuelian Bao ◽  
Yali Yang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Available P ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Available P

The migration and transformation of soil phosphorus (P) are essential for agricultural productivity and environmental security but have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. A 10-year field study was conducted to explore the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage with maize residue management (NT-0, NT-33%, NT-67% and NT-100%) on P contents and phosphatase activities in soil layers (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm). The results showed that soil available P content and phosphatase activities were higher in no-tillage with maize residue than CT. Soil moisture and pH were significantly positively correlated with soil available P. Higher organic P contents and lower inorganic P contents in the 0–5 cm soil layer were found in the treatment NT-67% compared with other treatments. According to the structure equation model, the source of available P was inorganic P in NT-33%, while organic P in NT-67%. This study demonstrated that the variation of dominant mechanisms involved in soil P migration and transformation were dependent on residue input amounts, and NT-67% might play an important role in the maintenance and transformation of soil organic P.

scholarly journals Comparison of fractionation methods for soil phosphorus with soils subjected to various long-term fertilization regimes on a calcareous soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Changlu Hu ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shulan Zhang ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P

Background Diverse phosphorus (P) fractionation procedures presented varying soil P fractions, which directly affected P contents and forms, and their biological availability. Purpose To facilitate the selection of phosphorus (P) fractionation techniques, we compared two procedures based on a long-term experiment on a calcareous soil. Methods The soils containing a gradient P levels were sampled from seven treatments predictor under various long-term fertilizations. The P fractions were then separated independently with both fractionation procedures modified by Tiessen-Moir and Jiang-Gu. Results The results showed that the labile P in Jiang-Gu is significantly lower than that in Tiessen-Moir. The iron and aluminium-bounded P were greater in Jiang-Gu by a maximum of 46 mg kg−1 than Tiessen-Moir. Jiang-Gu fractionation gave similar Ca bounded P to that Tiessen-Moir did at low P level but greater contents at high P level. The two methods extracted much comparable total inorganic P. However, Tiessen-Moir method accounted less total organic P than ignition or Jiang-Gu method (the organic P (Po) estimated by subtract the total inorganic P (Pi) in Jiang-Gu fractionation from the total). P uptake by winter wheat was significantly and positively correlated with all phosphorus fractions in Jiang-Gu; Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, D. HCl-P, C. HCl-Pi, NaOH-Po, total-Po in Tiessen-Moir; P fraction categories of Ca-P, Fe & Al-P and total-Pi in both fractionations. Path coefficients indicated that Ca2-P in Jiang-Gu, NaHCO3-Pi and D. HCl-P in Tiessen-Moir had the higher and more significant direct contributions to P uptake among P fractions measured. Conclusions Our results suggested that Jiang-Gu procedure is a better predictor in soil P fractionation in calcareous soils, although it gives no results on organic P fractions.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus bioavailability as influenced by long-term management and applied phosphorus source

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304
Author(s):  
Tandra D. Fraser ◽  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Ivan P. O’Halloran ◽  
R. Paul Voroney ◽  
Martin H. Entz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Management

Soil phosphorus (P) availability may be impacted by management practices, thereby affecting plant P uptake and plant response to P amendments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term management on soil P pools and to assess the response of P bioavailability, plant growth, and P uptake to mineral versus manure P treatments. Soils were collected from plots under organic (ORG), organic with composted manure (ORG + M), conventional (CONV), and restored prairie (PRA) management. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 106 d in soils amended with various rates of manure or mineral P. The ORG soil had lower concentrations of labile P (resin-P and NaHCO3-P) compared with the CONV and PRA soils, as determined by sequential P fractionation prior to planting. Ryegrass biomass (root + shoot) and shoot P uptake from soils receiving no P were significantly lower for the ORG than all other management systems. Although apparent P use efficiency of the whole plant was increased by low P rate in the ORG management system, the source of applied P, manure > mineral, only influenced Olsen test P.

Fate of applied phosphorus in an effluent-irrigated Pinus radiata plantation

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Falkiner ◽  
P. J. Polglase
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Total P

We examined the fate of applied phosphorus (P) in a young Pinus radiata plantation in south-eastern Australia, spray-irrigated with secondary-treated municipal effluent. Measurements included changes (before irrigation, and after 5 years) in total P, total organic P, total inorganic P, labile P, and sorption and desorption characteristics. During the first 5 years a total of 363 kg/ha of P was applied at an average concentration of 5.4 mg/L. Irrigation changed the forms and distribution of P throughout the profile (0–1 m). Increases in labile inorganic P (membrane-exchangeable, bicarbonate-extractable, and in soil solution) were confined mostly to the 0–0.5 m horizon, and wholly within the 0–0.7 m horizon. In addition, large amounts of organic P (204 kg/ha) were mineralised within the surface 0.7 m, due to stimulation of decomposer activity by increased soil water. Mineralisation, therefore, provided a significant and additional input of inorganic P to soil. Irrigation and P additions changed both the placement and curvature of soil sorption isotherms. Retention capacity (0–0.5 m), calculated from P sorption isotherms, decreased by 180 kg/ha. Desorbable P, determined by sequential extraction with dilute acid, increased by 184 kg/ha. Thus, these 2 independent methods of measuring the changes in exchangeable P gave the same result. Of the total inorganic P added to the soil (in effluent and mineralised), 25% remained in the exchangeable form; the rest was retained unavailable for short-term exchange and migration through soil. After 5 years, fluxes (kg/ha) of P in the 0–0.7 m horizon were: input in effluent less storage in vegetation (323), change in total organic P (–204), change in total inorganic P (517), net change in total P (313). Thus, 97% of the net amount of P added in effluent was recovered in the surface 0.7 m. Results have implications for the way in which P retention capacity is calculated under effluent irrigation.

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

Responses of herbage yield and soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus fertilisation on a degraded arid steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangjun Wang ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Du ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Low plant-available phosphorus (P) in degraded arid steppes greatly limits plant yields. However, whether exterior P addition will improve the soil P availability and thus increase plant yield in these degraded arid steppes is still not certain. In the current study, a severely degraded arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, with soil-available P <5 mg/kg, was fertilised annually with chemical or manure P for two years (2014, dry year; 2015, wet year). There were six fertilisation treatments: 0, 30 kg P/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 90 kg P/ha, 4000 kg sheep manure/ha (equalling 16.4 kg P/ha) and 8000 kg sheep manure/ha (32.8 kg P/ha). A pot experiment with Stipa krylovii (the dominant plant species in the tested steppe) and five P application rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P/ha) was also conducted, under well-watered and nitrogen-fertilised conditions, using surface soils from unfertilised plots in the field. Results indicated that the tested soils had strong P adsorption capacity and weaker desorption capacity, and that the labile P fractions were quickly transformed into less labile fractions, reducing P availabilities. Overall, chemical P fertiliser resulted in the accumulation of Ca10-P and occluded P, whereas sheep manure resulted in the accumulation of moderately resistant organic P and highly resistant organic P. Phosphorus fertilisation was associated with an increase in plant P concentrations in both 2014 and 2015, and a low P rate (30 kg P/ha in the current study) was able to improve the aboveground biomass in both the field experiment in the wet year and the pot experiment under well-watered conditions. Thus, in degraded arid steppes, P fertilisation may be unnecessary in dry years. A low rate of P fertilisation is recommended in wet years to improve soil P status and steppe plant productivity.

scholarly journals Reviews and Syntheses: Ironing Out Wrinkles in the Soil Phosphorus Cycling Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt A. McConnell ◽  
Jason P. Kaye ◽  
Armen R. Kemanian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Organic P ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant System ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
Critical Challenge

Abstract. Soil phosphorus (P) management remains a critical challenge for agriculture worldwide, and yet we are still unable to predict soil P dynamics as confidently as that of carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). This is due to both the complexity of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) cycling and the methodological constraints that have limited our ability to trace P dynamics in the soil-plant system. In this review we describe the challenges to building parsimonious, accurate, and useful P models and to explore the potential of some new techniques to advance modeling efforts. To advance our understanding and modeling of P biogeochemistry, research efforts should focus on the following: 1) update the McGill and Cole (1981) model of Po mineralization by clarifying the role and prevalence of “biochemical” and “biological” Po mineralization which we hypothesize are not mutually exclusive and may co-occur along a continuum of Po substrate stoichiometry; 2) further understand the dynamics of phytate, a 6-C compound that can regulate the poorly understood stoichiometry of soil P; 3) explore the effects of C and Po saturation on P sorption and Po mineralization; and 4) resolve discrepancies between hypotheses about P cycling and the methods used to test these hypotheses.

Phosphate sorption-desorption behavior in volcanic topsoils along a chronosequence (1.5 ka – 1070 ka) in the humid zone, Galápagos Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Rechberger ◽  
Martin H. Gerzabek ◽  
Franz Zehetner
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Labile P

&lt;p&gt;Soil phosphorus (P) is one of the main factors affecting ecosystem productivity. With progressing soil weathering, P can be increasingly immobilized and become the limiting nutrient in ecosystems. Volcanic soils are known for their exceptionally high phosphate (PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) retention capacity. However, the changes in PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; sorption behavior as their mineralogy evolves during pedogenic development, are still not fully understood. Short-term and longer-term PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; sorption-desorption behavior was studied in six volcanic topsoils (0 &amp;#8211; 10 cm) from four Gal&amp;#225;pagos Islands along an age gradient (chronosequence, 1.5 &amp;#8211; 1070 ka) under humid climate. Labile P (Mehlich-3 P, resin P), PO&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;sorption kinetics (4 h &amp;#8211; 62 days), PO&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;sorption capacity (sorption isotherms, equilibration time = 72 h) and longer-term desorption (resin P after 1 and 6 month incubation, respectively) were analyzed. Soils developed very high PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; sorption capacity within 4.3 ka of soil weathering (Langmuir Q&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; = 18.2 g P kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) due to the development of amorphous soil constituents. As the colloidal fraction changed to 2:1-type crystalline clays after 26 ka of soil weathering, PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; sorption capacity declined rapidly while the labile P fraction reached a maximum. In older soils (&amp;#8805; 165 ka), acidification and prevalence of Al und Fe (hydr)oxides led to increased P sorption again. Overall, soil PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; retention capacity was closely related to amorphous Si, Al and Fe phases; however, it did not predict P availability.&lt;/p&gt;

EFFECTS OF MANURE AND FERTILIZER ON GRAIN YIELD, SOIL CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS IN A 13-YEAR FIELD TRIAL IN SEMI-ARID KENYA

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. KIHANDA ◽  
G. P. WARREN ◽  
A. N. MICHENI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Goat Manure

Long-term indicators of soil fertility were assessed by measuring grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil Olsen phosphorous for a P-deficient soil. In one set of treatments, goat manure was applied annually for 13 years at 0, 5 and 10 t ha−1, and intercrops of sorghum/cowpea, millet/green gram and maize/pigeonpea were grown. Yield depended on rainfall and trends with time were not identifiable. Manure caused an upward trend in SOC, but 10 t ha−1 manure did not give significantly more SOC than 5 t ha−1. Only 10 t ha−1 manure increased Olsen P. Measurements of both SOC and Olsen P are recommended. In another set of treatments, manure was applied for four years; the residual effect lasted another seven to eight years when assessed by yield, SOC and Olsen P. Treatment with mineral fertilizers provided the same rates of N and P as 5 t ha−1 manure and yields from manure and fertilizer were similar. Fertilizer increased Olsen P but not SOC. Management systems with occasional manure application and intermediate fertilizer applications should be assessed. Inputs and offtakes of C, N and P were measured for three years. Approximately 16, 25 and 11% of C, N and P respectively were stabilized into soil organic matter from 5 t ha−1 a−1 manure. The majority of organic P was fixed as soil inorganic P.

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