scholarly journals Placental characteristics of German Landrace sows and their relationships to different fertility parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernunft Andreas ◽  
Maass Melanie ◽  
Brüssow Klaus-Peter
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Placental Efficiency

The placenta is the central foetal organ that ensures a sufficient exchange of nutrients and metabolites for adequate foetal growth. Specific data profiles for placental characteristics from modern pig lines with high fertility and today’s genetics are not currently available. This study focuses on describing the placental weight and size of German Landrace pigs and any subsequent relationship to litter number and important fertility parameters for these sows. As a basis for data collection, 55 litters from primi- and multiparous German Landrace sows with a total of 832 piglets were used. From these births, 766 placentas were recovered and weighed, with their lengths measured and the placental efficiency per litter also calculated. Mean placental weights ranged from 179 ± 60 to 422 ± 96 g between litters, and the mean length was between 61 ± 12 and 145 ± 19 cm. The placental efficiency was at a level of 5.1 ± 0.7. The investigated parameters were only slightly affected by the litter number (r = 0.3), and the means did not significantly differ between different litter numbers. With increasing litter size, the piglet weights and placental lengths were significantly decreased (r = –0.4 and r = –0.3), possibly due to limited uterine space. However, litter size had a strong positive correlation with the total litter placental weight (r = 0.7); therefore, in this study, the placental efficiency was not affected by a higher number of piglets per sow. Higher means for placental weights (r = 0.7) and lengths (r = 0.7) in a particular litter significantly improved the piglet birth weights. The reported variability in placental characteristics between litters suggests that there is an opportunity to selectively breed for improved piglet weight and homogeneity and thus improved piglet health and survival.

scholarly journals Evaluation of volume change in oral cavity proper before and after mandibular advancement:

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Balaji Rajkumar ◽  
Ratna Parameswaran ◽  
Anantanarayanan Parameswaran ◽  
Devaki Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Proper Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tongue Volume

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the tongue and oral cavity proper volume in pre- and post-bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) patients, and to establish whether there was a correlation between them. Materials and Methods A retrospective study that evaluated 12 patients' pre- and post-surgical computed tomography records satisfying the inclusion criteria. Borders were defined for measurement of tongue and oral cavity proper volume. The volume assessment was carried out using 3D slice software. Results The mean difference of tongue volume was 5.7 ± 1.7 cm3, which showed high statistical significance. The mean difference of oral cavity proper volume (OCVP) was 6.9 ± 3.4 cm3 and indicated high statistical significance. A very strong positive correlation existed between pre- and post-surgical tongue volume. Positive correlation was also evident between pre and post - surgical OCVP. Medium positive correlation was noted when the difference between pre- and post-surgical tongue and OCVP were assessed. Conclusions There was a significant change in volume of tongue and oral cavity proper after BSSO advancement surgery. The space around the tongue, position of tongue, and maxillary and mandibular relationship influence the volume of tongue and oral cavity proper.

scholarly journals An epidemiological survey demonstrating decline in reproductive efficiency with age and non-seasonality of reproductive parameters in German shepherd bitches in Kenya

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Mutembei ◽  
E.R. Mutiga ◽  
V.T. Tsuma
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
East African ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Kennel Club ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

An epidemiological survey undertaken in Kenya indicated that 2 previously well-established factors, namely decline in reproductive efficiency with age, and non-seasonality of canine reproductive parameters, hold true for German shepherd (GSD) bitches in Kenya. Data collection formswere distributed to randomly selected GSDbreeders and information so obtained was verified using East African Kennel Club records. Whelping was recorded throughout the year. The litter size varied from 1 to 14 pups per litter with a mean of 6.3 ±0.4 SD puppies. Records of 567 whelpings and 3592 puppies were studied. The mean monthly whelping rate was 47.3 ±7.2. There was no significant difference in the mean litter size by month (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Comparison of Gates’ Method and CKD-EPI Equation with Plasma Sample Method for Estimation of GFR

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Suraya Sarmin ◽  
Sadia Sultana ◽  
Madhuchhanda Hazra Mou ◽  
Naheed Khan ◽  
Pupree Mutsuddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Plasma Sample Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sample Method

Objectives: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is an important parameter of kidney function. Many methods are used to measure GFR namely: inulin clearance, double plasma sample method (DPSM), Gates’ method, and equation based method. DPSM has become the gold standard in clinical research. Gates’ method is routinely practiced at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences. Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI ) equation is encouraged as it is simple and reliable. The aim of the study was assesment of agreement between Gates’ method and CKD-EPI equation with plasma sample method for estimation of GFR. Patients and methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out at NINMAS, during July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 70 subjects referred for 99mTC-DTPA renography along with GFR estimation, were included in this study. Result: The mean GFR value evaluated by DPSM, Gates’ and CKD-EPI  equation were, 81.86 ± 22.42, 86.13 ± 26.70 and 78.48 ± 23.87 mL/min/1.73 m2 respectively. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.922) was found between DPSM and Gates’ method and also between DPSM and CKD-EPI equation (r= 0.930). The Gates’ and CKD-EPI equation also showed strong positive correlation (r = 0.872). The mean difference between DPSM and Gates’, between DPSM and CKD-EPI equation,  between Gates’ and CKD-EPI equation were 4.26 ± 10.45, 3.38 ± 8.78  and  7.64 ± 13.09 mL/min/1.73 m2 respectively. Conclusion: Strong positive correlation and excellent agreement were observed between DPSM and Gates’ and also between DPSM and CKD-EPI equation. Strong correlation was also found in between Gates’ and CKD-EPI equation. So, DPSM, Gates’ method and CKD-EPI equation can reflect GFR almost equally and used interchangeably. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 22(1): 36-40, Jan 2019  

scholarly journals The effect of litter size upon foetal growth rate and the placental transfer of calcium and phosphorus in superovulated Scottish half-bred ewes

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Twardock ◽  
H. W. Symonds ◽  
B. F. Sansom ◽  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

1. The ovulation rate of forty-eight Scottish half-bred ewes was increased by using pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin thus inducing litters of one to four foetuses.2. The effects of increased litter size upon the foetal growth rate and upon the rate of transfer of calcium and phosphorus across the placenta were studied at 108–112, 122–126 and 136–140 d gestation.3. The number of foetuses had little effect upon foetal weight at 112 d, the mean weights of a singleton, twin, triplet or quadruplet being similar. However, by 140 d mean foetal weight decreased markedly as litter size increased.4. Failure of individual quadruplets to grow as fast as a singleton was associated with a limitation in the capacity of the placenta for transferring minerals. The maximum rates of transfer of Ca and P, whatever the number of foetuses, were approximately 2·8 and 1·4 g/d respectively. These rates were attained by 112 d when quadruplets were being carried, by 126 d for triplets, and by 140 d for twins.

Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Dingwall ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
R. P. Aitken ◽  
C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Embryonic Death

SummaryIn Expt 1, 34 individually-penned Finn Dorset ewes of mean live weight 68 kg were synchronized in oestrus and mated to Suffolk rams. From mating until day 28 of pregnancy each received daily 15 MJ of metabolizable energy (ME) and 225 g crude protein (CP). From day 28 to slaughter on days 34, 41, 48 or 55 half of the ewes continued on this feeding regime and half had their daily intake reduced abruptly to 7·5 MJ of ME and 112 g CP. The mean number of ovulations per ewe was 4·03 (range 2–8) and the mean number of viable foetuses at time of slaughter 3·35 (range 2–6). The combined loss of ova (fertilization failure and early embryonic death) was 14·6% and detectable foetal deaths 2·2%. Level of feeding had no significant effect on these measures or on foetal growth. Foetal growth from 34 to 55 days was described by the equationIn w = 0·962–18·613 e-0·0272t–0·00091t(f–3),where w = foetal weight (kg), t = age (days) and f = litter size. Within-litter variability measured as the S.D. of In w (kg) was 0–081 for twins, 0·108 for triplets and 0·106 for quadruplets and higher multiples.In a second experiment Suffolk × Finn Dorset embryos were transplanted at the rate of two per uterine horn into 15 recipient Finn Dorset ewes. Embryo survival was 72% and foetal weights at 60 days varied from 67 to 146% of the mean value of 66 g. Withinlitter variation in foetal size was only about 70% of that expected for foetuses developing from the variable distribution in their initial positioning that occurs naturally. The correlation between foetal weight and placental weight at day 60 was 0·72 (P < 0001) indicating that the association between foetal weight and placental weight in prolific ewes is not confined to late pregnancy.The results of both experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that the greater within-litter variability in birth weight in large litters is controlled by events in early pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Ultrasound Testicular Volume and Conventional Semen Parameters in Albanian Subfertile Males

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kristo ◽  
Evin Dani
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ejaculatory Abstinence

OBJECTIVE: The study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between testicular volume measured by ultrasound and conventional sperm parameters (volume, concentration, total count, motility and morphology) in Albanian subfertile males and to determine a normal limit value of the testicular volume.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 500 males were observed for this study. The testicular volumes of all subjects were measured by ultrasonography. The semen samples were collected by the process of masturbation after 3-5 days of ejaculatory abstinence and were analyzed according to WHO criteria 2010.RESULTS: Testicular volume has a strong positive correlation with sperm count, total count and motility and a positive correlation with semen volume.CONCLUSION: Testicular volume has a direct correlation with semen parameters and the critical total testicular volume indicating normal testicular function is approximately 26.6 ml (the mean testicular volume 13.3 ml). The measurement of testicular volume can be helpful for assessing fertility at the initial physical examination.

scholarly journals Nursing staff fatigue and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Christos Sikaras ◽  
◽  
Ioannis Ilias ◽  
Athanasios Tselebis ◽  
Argyro Pachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical Impact

<abstract><sec> <title>Introduction</title> <p>The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is an unprecedented global health crisis with emotional and physical impact on health care workers.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Objective</title> <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of fatigue and burnout in nursing staff during the pandemic.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The present study involved nursing staff from hospitals in Greece in February 2021, who completed the Fatigue (FAS) and Burnout (CBI) questionnaires. Gender, age, years of work experience, workplace (COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 wards) and SARS-CoV-2 infection status were recorded.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The sample included 593 women and 108 men, with a mean age ± SD: 42.9 ± 9.9 years and 18.14 ± 10.8 years work experience. Slightly more than half, (367, 52.4%) worked in COVID-19 departments. Fifty-six (8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 14 of them needed to be treated. The mean ± SD FAS and CBI scores were 25.6 ± 7.4 and 46.9 ± 18.8, respectively (67.9% and 42.9% had scores suggestive of fatigue and burnout, respectively). Women showed higher values in both scales (p &lt; 0.01). Subjects working in COVID-19 wards scored significantly higher on both the FAS and CBI scales; they were also younger and with less work experience (p &lt; 0.01). Staff treated for COVID-19 scored higher on the burnout scale (p &lt; 0.01) than the uninfected staff. Fatigue showed a strong positive correlation with burnout (p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.70). Stepwise multiple regression showed that the variation of fatigue was explained by 47.0% and 6.1% by the scores on the subscales of personal and work-related burnout, respectively.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>In conclusion, high rates of fatigue and burnout were found in the studied population. Nurses working with COVID-19 patients had higher rates of fatigue and burnout compared to those working elsewhere. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.70) between burnout and fatigue. Particular attention should be paid to staff who became ill and need to be treated.</p> </sec></abstract>

scholarly journals Placenta thickness: A sonographic index for foetal gestational age estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Faosat O Jinadu ◽  
Adedolapo O Nelson-Paseda ◽  
Tawaqualit A Ottun ◽  
Ayokunle M Olumodeji
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean

A healthy placenta is crucial for foetal well-being, growth and development and neonatal survival. Foetal sonographic biometric parameters are crucial in obstetric decision making. This study correlated placenta thickness with foetal biometry in the estimation of gestational age (EGA) and estimated foetal weight (EFW). This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 400 healthy pregnant women at gestational ages of 13 to 37 weeks, who attended antenatal clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, were consecutively recruited. Obstetric ultrasound (USS) was performed to assess placenta thickness (PT), USS EGA and EFW in each study participant. Correlation of these parameters was done using Pearson’s correlation. A regression equation used to assess the relationship between PT and EGA was determined using linear regression analysis at confidence interval of 95% and p-value&#60;0.05. The mean age of the women studied was 30.8±4.8 years. The mean PT ranged from 14.50±0.71 mm at 14 weeks to 36.58±1.54 mm at 37 weeks (wks). There was strong positive correlation between PT and USS EGA (r=0.968, p=0.000). A significant positive correlation was also noted between PT and EFW (r=0.900, p=0.000). There was no correlation between PT and maternal characteristics such as parity(r=-0.015, p=0.772) or maternal age(r=0.018, p=0.720). Ultrasound determined placenta thickness correlated linearly and positively with estimated gestational age and foetal weight. A regression equation of estimated PT was derived as follows; PT(mm) = 1.011 EGA (wks) – 0.663. Ultrasound determined placenta thickness correlates linearly and positively with estimated gestational age and foetal weight.

scholarly journals Comparison of gestational age assessment by new ballard score and parkin score in neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Ravi Ambey ◽  
Priya Gogia ◽  
Arun Kumar M.
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Normal Neonates

Background: In newborn, both normal and sick, gestational age (GA) is important to evaluate the risks of morbidity and mortality and may modify the line of management. The objective of the present study was to compare the New Ballard Score (NBS) and Parkin’s score in estimating GA among normal neonates, sick neonates.Methods: Observational analytical study of 500 neonates, who qualified the selection criteria. GA estimated by Naegele’s rule (G-LMP), NBS and Parkin score. Data collected and analysed by SPSS 21.Results: The mean gestational age as estimated by last menstrual period was 37.7 weeks; NBS- 37.66 weeks, Parkin score-37.7 weeks. Mean difference between the two scores estimating GA in all neonates was 3.75 days, in normal neonates- 3.61 days, sick neonates-3.7 days. NBS and Parkin score were calculated in both groups, had strong positive correlation (p value <0.05) with G-LMP. GA calculated using NBS and Parkin score had a strong positive correlation (p value <0.05). in all sick neonates except HIE-3 and RDS, NBS had significant correlation with G-LMP, but Parkin score had significant correlation with all. The mean difference between the two scores with RDS and HIE-3 was 11.64 days. Total crying episodes in NBS were 334 and Parkin score were 124. Mean time taken to complete NBS was 5 min 33 sec and Parkin score was 1 min 36 sec.Conclusions: GA of sick neonates with HIE-3 and RDS were better assessed by Parkin score. Parkin score caused less discomfort to neonates.

scholarly journals INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1833-1839
Author(s):  
Arsalan Ahmed Rajput ◽  
Azfar Ahmed Mirza ◽  
Ghazi Khan Maree ◽  
Adil Ali Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The ideal optical properties of the eye requires support of state of the eye-ball which is normally regulated by the intraocular pressure (IOP). There is variation in the measurements of IOP with Goldmann applanation tonometry if the thickness of the central cornea is not uniform, the IOP is high when cornea is thicker and vice versa. Therefore, the central corneal thickness (CCT) is thought to affect the IOP readings, however, as shown, the evidence available remains controversial. The aim of the study was to determine correlation between CCT and IOP. Objectives: To determine the correlation between the Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP). Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Placeand Duration: Department of Ophthalmology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from July to December, 2014. Methodology: During the study period of six months total 431 participants were purposively sampled according to the set criteria. Variables included were age, gender, CCT, and IOP. Correlation between IOP and CCT was assessed by using Pearson correlation test, P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 431 participants, 239 (55.5%) males and 192 (44.5%) females. The mean age was 34.9 ranging from 20 to 50 years. The mean central corneal thickness of right eye was 529 μm with SD ± 39.5 and range of 473-591 μm. The mean intraocular pressure of right eye was 14.7 μm, SD ± 3.1 with a range of 9-21 mmHg. The left eye mean central corneal thickness was 533, SD ± 29.6 with range of 481-589 μm. The mean intraocular pressure of left eye was 15.6, SD ± 3.1 with a range of 10-21 mmHg. Strong positive correlation was found (P-value < 0.001) between central corneal thickness andintra ocular pressure for both eyes. Conclusion: There is positive correlation between CCT and IOP. Therefore, along with the routine ophthalmic examination for intraocular pressure measurements pachymetry should also be considered for accurate interpretation of the results.

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