scholarly journals Occurrence, biology and harmfulness of Galerucella lineola (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) – Part 1. Last year’s (parent) beetles

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Forest District

In Moravia in 1995 to 2006, the abundant occurrence of <i>Galerucella lineola</i> (F.) was used to study its occurrence, biology and harmfulness. An “alder” biological form was studied in <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> and <i>A. incana</i> mainly in Polnička Forest District (Žďár region) and a “willow” form in <i>Salix viminalis</i>, <i>S. triandra</i> and <i>S. caprea</i> in riparian and accompanying stands of the Svitava river near Bílovice nad Svitavou (Brno region). Imagoes leave their sites usually in the 1st half of May. In the course of 2.5 to 3 months, they damage on average 22.6 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves of <i>A. glutinosa</i> and <i>S. caprea</i> (of this value, males 3.2 times less than females). Males eat on average 15 times during 24 hours for a period of 3.5 minutes, i.e. in total 52 minutes (3.6% day). Females eat on average 36 times for a period of 7 min, i.e. 252 min (17.5% day). Imagoes copulate on average 10.2 times per day for a period of 67 min. For the whole period of reproduction (about 42 days), they copulate on average 428 times, i.e. for 20 days. Eggs are laid into groups of 3 to 20 (on average 14) pieces. Females lay 457 to 791 (on average 612) eggs, i.e. about 15 eggs per day. <i>Medina collaris</i> (Fall.) (Tachinidae) and <i>Townesilitus fulviceps</i> (Ruthe) (Braconidae) belong, among others, to the enemies of imagoes.

scholarly journals Occurrence, biology and harmfulness of Galerucella lineola (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) – Part 2. Larvae and this year’s beetles

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 424-444
Author(s):  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Salix Triandra

The second part of the paper deals with the development and harmfulness of larvae and maturation feeding of this year’s beetles of <I>Galerucella lineola</I> (F.) before leaving for winter habitats. Embryogenesis takes on average 12 (in the laboratory 9) days. In the area of Žďár situated at a higher and colder location, larvae of the alder biological form occur on <I>Alnus glutinosa</I> and <I>A. incana</I> from June to August. In the warmer lowland area of Brno, larvae of the willow form occur on <i>Salix triandra, S. viminali</I>s and <I>S. caprea</I> from the 3<sup>rd</sup> decade of May to the beginning of August. In the laboratory, larvae of the alder form developed on average 16 days and larvae of the willow form 13 days. Larvae of the alder form damage on average 9.7 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves of <I>A. glutinosa</I> and larvae of the willow form 6.0 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves of <I>Salix caprea</I>. This year’s imagoes occur in the area of Žďár on alders from mid-July to the end of October and during 3 weeks, they damage on average 16 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves of <I>A. glutinosa</I>. This year’s imagoes occur on willows in the area of Brno from the end of June to the end of August. During 2 weeks, they damage on average 12 cm<sup>2</sup> leaves of <i>S. caprea</I>. The chrysomelid development is univoltine (in southern parts of Moravia partly bivoltine). The alder biological form of <I>G. lineol</I>a produced 2 (the willow form even 4) incomplete generations in the laboratory. This year’s imagoes damaged on average 36.6 cm<sup>2</sup> of <I>S. caprea</I> and laid 122 to 887 (on average 528) eggs. In the area of Brno, imagoes of the willow form were up to 65% parasitized by <I>Medina collaris</I> (Fall.) (Tachinidae).Tachinidae).

scholarly journals Decline of Black Alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. along the Narewka River in the Białowieża Forest District

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Malewski ◽  
Robert Topor ◽  
Justyna Anna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Oszako
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Forest District

Abstract Black Alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. is an important tree commonly growing in Poland. Alders are actinorhizal plants that play an important ecological role in riparian ecosystems through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, filtration and purification of waterlogged soils as well as providing a refuge for terrestrial and aquatic organisms thus helping to stabilize stream banks. Black alder used to be considered a very pest and disease resistant species but, the situation changed in 2000, when an unprecedented decline of Alders was observed in Poland. In the Białowieża Forest District, this decline has been observed on wet meadow habitats and along rivers or watercourses. Currently, there are several hypotheses explaining Alder dieback, among them climatic changes and Phytophthora infections. In terms of climate, Black Alder requires a high atmospheric humidity during all phases of its reproductive cycle. It tolerates neither long-term summer flooding nor a significant decrease in the groundwater level. In terms of pests, oomycete pathogens of the genus Phytophthora are the most destructive plant pathogens known and many of them are present in forests and nurseries all over Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health of Black Alder along the Narewka River in the Białowieża Forest District. Selected areas were monitored in 2012 and 2018, but no relationship between drought and alder health was found. A preliminary analysis of soil and water samples by real time PCR revealed the presence of two Phytophthora species: P. alni and P. cactorum. Further and more detailed research is required to elucidate the role of these pathogens in Alder dieback.

Heat shock proteins in willow (Salix viminalis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Tiina Vahala ◽  
Tage Eriksson ◽  
Peter Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Shock Proteins

The Influence of (Biological) Form on the Perception of Biological Motion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Miller ◽  
Burcu A. Urgen ◽  
Maria Florendo ◽  
Jennifer Cook ◽  
Ayse P. Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion
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