scholarly journals Growth reaction of young wild cherry (Prunus aviumL.) trees to pruning

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kupka
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Shadow Zone ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Cherry Trees

A large crown is one of the most important prerequisites for the good growth of a tree and therefore the crown could be called an engine of increment. The care for a large crown brings a decrease in the bole value at the same time as it makes large branches and later knots on it. Pruning is a possible solution of these two contradictions. Young wild cherry trees were pruned in three different ways: (<I>i</I>) half of the crown left, (<I>ii</I>) one quarter of the crown left and (<I>iii</I>) control, i.e. no pruning. The results show that height growth was not influenced by pruning while diameter growth was significantly affected. The crown reduction to a half means 10% less in diameter growth within a 5-year period after pruning. The crown reduction to one quarter of the crown means only two thirds of ‘full’ diameter growth on the control plot. The data suggest that the pruning of young wild cherry trees should be done moderately (more than a half of the crown should be left) and pruning should be done when the bottom part of the crown is in the shadow zone of the crown layer, not earlier.

Natural triploids of wild cherry

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurana Serres-Giardi ◽  
Jean Dufour ◽  
Karen Russell ◽  
Corinne Buret ◽  
Françoise Laurens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Research of triploid individuals was carried out in the French wild cherry ( Prunus avium L.) collection at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Orléans, France, using 12 microsatellite markers and the S gametophytic incompatibility marker. For 11 of 312 clones (3.5%), we found three different alleles or two different alleles included one doubled allele for 10–12 markers spread along five of the eight chromosome pairs in wild cherry. The cytometry analysis confirmed that triploidy was genome-wide. No new allele was observed among the triploids compared with the diploids of the wild cherry collection: these triploids probably result from diploids through the production of unreduced gametes, and not from interspecific hybridation. A comparison of the height growth, diameter growth, and resistance to leaf spot among 38–85 clones in four 6- to 10-year-old clonal field trials showed that six triploids were among the best compared with the diploids. The dimensions of the leaves were somewhat larger, and the petals were always larger for nine triploids compared with 20 diploids observed on plants of the wild cherry collection of INRA. Three triploids are already used as clonal variety or component of a seed orchard. We discuss the need to include more triploids in the wild cherry breeding programme.

scholarly journals Sudden Phytophthora Dieback of Wild Cherry Trees in Northwest Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Judit Sárándi-Kovács ◽  
László Nagy ◽  
Ferenc Lakatos ◽  
György Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract During a regular survey of declining forests in 2011, sudden dieback symptoms were observed on scattered wild cherry trees (Prunus avium) in a mixed deciduous forest stand, located in the flood plain area of the Rába River, in northwest Hungary. In this study, we correlated both soil conditions and presence of Phytophthora spp. to dieback of cherry trees. Two Phytophthora species, P. polonica and P. plurivora, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the dying trees. By contrast, only P. polonica was recovered from the necrotic tissues of symptomatic roots. Stem and root inoculation tests on cherry seedlings showed pathogenicity of both species, although P. polonica proved to be more virulent. This is the first report of natural infections of P. polonica.

scholarly journals The root-plant ratio changes in the first growing periods of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) plantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
I. Kupka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Planting Stock Quality ◽  
System Data ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Cherry Trees

The root-plant ratio is one of the important parameters for planting stock quality. We suppose that the ratio is one of the driving variables for the growth performance of new plantation in the forest. The study summarises data on the volume of major parts of 4 years old wild cherry trees. An allometric analysis of different parts of plants in relation to the growth performance of wild cherry trees was done. The results show a close positive relationship between the volume of the whole root system and aboveground biomass. The same is true of the fine root proportion in the root system. Data also document that the efficiency of root system is not decreasing during the root development - at least in the investigated period. The same results were obtained for fine root efficiency. Data confirm the importance of the root-plant ratio for the growth performance of new plantation in the forest provided that harmful factors are not at a limiting level.

scholarly journals Modelling and Comparing Shading Effects of 3D Tree Structures with Virtual Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Bohn Reckziegel ◽  
Elena Larysch ◽  
Jonathan P. Sheppard ◽  
Hans-Peter Kahle ◽  
Christopher Morhart
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Hemispherical Photography ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Shading Effects ◽  
Cherry Trees

Reduced solar radiation brought about by trees on agricultural land can both positively and negatively affect crop growth. For a better understanding of this issue, we aim for an improved simulation of the shade cast by trees in agroforestry systems and a precise estimation of insolation reduction. We present a leaf creation algorithm to generate realistic leaves to be placed upon quantitative structure models (QSMs) of real trees. Further, we couple it with an enhanced approach of a 3D model capable of quantifying shading effects of a tree, at a high temporal and spatial resolution. Hence, 3D data derived from wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) generated by terrestrial laser scanner technology formed a basis for the tree reconstruction, and served as leaf-off mode. Two leaf-on modes were simulated: realistic leaves, fed with leaf data from wild cherry trees; and ellipsoidal leaves, having ellipsoids as leaf-replacement. For comparison, we assessed the shading effects using hemispherical photography as an alternative method. Results showed that insolation reduction was higher using realistic leaves, and that the shaded area was greater in size than with the ellipsoidal leaves or leaf-off conditions. All shading effects were similarly distributed on the ground, with the exception of those derived through hemispherical photography, which were greater in size, but with less insolation reduction than realistic leaves. The main achievements of this study are: the enhancement of the leaf-on mode for QSMs with realistic leaves, the updates of the shadow model, and the comparison of shading effects. We provide evidence that the inclusion of realistic leaves with precise 3D data might be fundamental to accurately model the shading effects of trees.

scholarly journals Potential of UAS-Based Remote Sensing for Estimating Tree Water Status and Yield in Sweet Cherry Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Víctor Blanco ◽  
Pedro José Blaya-Ros ◽  
Cristina Castillo ◽  
Fulgencio Soto-Vallés ◽  
Roque Torres-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Cherry Trees

The present work aims to assess the usefulness of five vegetation indices (VI) derived from multispectral UAS imagery to capture the effects of deficit irrigation on the canopy structure of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in southeastern Spain. Three irrigation treatments were assayed, a control treatment and two regulated deficit irrigation treatments. Four airborne flights were carried out during two consecutive seasons; to compare the results of the remote sensing VI, the conventional and continuous water status indicators commonly used to manage sweet cherry tree irrigation were measured, including midday stem water potential (Ψs) and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS). Simple regression between individual VIs and Ψs or MDS found stronger relationships in postharvest than in preharvest. Thus, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), resulted in the strongest relationship with Ψs (r2 = 0.67) and MDS (r2 = 0.45), followed by the normalized difference red edge (NDRE). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimal soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) as the VI with the highest coefficient of variation in postharvest and the difference vegetation index (DVI) in preharvest. A new index is proposed, the transformed red range vegetation index (TRRVI), which was the only VI able to statistically identify a slight water deficit applied in preharvest. The combination of the VIs studied was used in two machine learning models, decision tree and artificial neural networks, to estimate the extra labor needed for harvesting and the sweet cherry yield.

INSECT TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS CAUSING LITTLE CHERRY DISEASE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. A. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Insect Transmission ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Cherry Trees

Little cherry virus disease of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was transmitted under screenhouse conditions by 3 species of leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) out of 24 species tested. Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), the 6-spotted leafhopper, transmitted the disease in seven tests; Scaphytopius acutus (Say), the sharp-nosed leafhopper, transmitted it once; and Psammotettix lividellus (Zett.) transmitted it once. The transmissions were made from diseased sweet cherry trees of the variety Lambert to indicators of the varieties Star or Sam. With the exception of 1 transmission, 2 to 4 years were necessary following inoculation for unmistakable expression of symptoms in the indicators. M. fascifrons was also implicated in 18 successful transmissions to mature sweet cherry trees grown in the open.

Impact of tephra deposition on growth in conifers: the year of the eruption

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Hinckley ◽  
Hiromi Imoto ◽  
Katharine Lee ◽  
Susan Lacker ◽  
Yasushi Morikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Root Mortality ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Mount St Helens

Seven sites ranging from 15 to 135 km from Mount St. Helens were selected to study the impact of air-fall tephra on the growth of Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, A. procera Rehd., Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., and T. mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. As tephra depth increased, there was a corresponding increase in visible foliar damage and associated decreases in diameter and height growth. Reduction in diameter growth was greater than reduction in height growth. The reduction in diameter growth approached 50% in both trees and saplings of A. amabilis. Growth reduction in true firs was greater than in associated species. This difference was related to their greater capacity for interception and retention of air-fall tephra. Damage to trees, and resulting growth reductions, were due to tephra coverage of both the foliage and the soil. Coverage of the foliage resulted in foliar damage, foliage abscission and reduction of total tree foliar area, and increased fine root mortality. Tephra coverage of the soil had the potential to restrict oxygen diffusion into the soil. However, soil oxygen concentrations less than 10% were measured only once over a 2-year period.

Clonal structure and recruitment in British wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 242 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Vaughan ◽  
J.E. Cottrell ◽  
D.J. Moodley ◽  
T. Connolly ◽  
K. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium L
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