scholarly journals Sublethal effects of spinosad on some biochemical parameters of Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
B. Mohammadzadeh Tamam ◽  
M. Ghadamyari ◽  
A. Sahragard ◽  
A. Karimi-Malati
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Xanthogaleruca Luteola ◽  
Esterase Activities

The effect of spinosad on some biochemical characteristics of Xanthogaleruca luteola was investigated. LC<sub>30</sub> and LC<sub>50 </sub>of spinosad for the third instar larvae were determined as 1.6 and 2.9 ppm, respectively. Biochemical tests were carried out on the 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae treated with LC<sub>30</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub> of spinosad. The LC<sub>30</sub> concentration decreased carbohydrate and glycogen content and increased lipid content significantly. There was a significant decrease in carbohydrate, glycogen, and protein contents following the exposure to LC<sub>50</sub> concentration. Available energy of the larvae exposed to LC<sub>30</sub> of spinosad increased significantly, whereas it decreased significantly at LC<sub>50</sub>. However, the energy consumed was increased at both concentrations significantly. Cellular energy allocation of larvae treated with LC<sub>50</sub> concentrations of spinosad decreased significantly. Glutathione-S-transferase and esterase activities were increased significantly at LC<sub>50</sub>. However, lipase activity was decreased at both concentrations. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Cellular energy allocation in the predatory bug, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), following sublethal exposure to diazinon, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moloud Gholamzadeh Chitgar ◽  
Jalil Hajizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ghadamyari ◽  
Azadeh Karimi-Malati ◽  
Mahbobe Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Andrallus Spinidens

Abstract It is necessary to study the biochemical changes in insects exposed to toxicants if we want to predict the potential of various chemicals on the natural enemy. Physiological energy, as a biochemical biomarker, may be affected by many pesticides including organophosphate compounds. Therefore, in this study, the sublethal effects of diazinon, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos on the cellular energy allocation (CEA) of the predatory bug, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a potential biological control agent, was studied on 5th-instar nymphs. Among the energy reserves of the A. spinidens nymphs, only total protein was significantly affected by pesticide treatments, and the highest value was observed in chlorpyrifos treatment. The energy available (Ea) and energy consumption (Ec) in A. spinidens were significantly affected by these pesticides. In exposed bugs, these parameters were affected by fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos more than diazinon. The activity of the electron transport system (ETS) in the Ec assay showed that A. spinidens exposed to chlorpyrifos had the highest rate of oxygen consumption. Although, there was no significant change in CEA, the insecticides caused a marked change in the physiological balance of A. spinidens. The results suggested that the adverse effect of these insecticides on A. spinidens should be considered in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.

Microplastic Fibers Increase Sublethal Effects of AgNP and AgNO 3 in Daphnia magna by Changing Cellular Energy Allocation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula S. Tourinho ◽  
Ana Rita R. Silva ◽  
Cátia S. A. Santos ◽  
Marija Prodana ◽  
Violeta Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Cellular Energy

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide Glyphosate Aqua in liver enzymes activity of Barbus sharpeyi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Barbus Sharpeyi ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
And Control

The present study was designed in the aquaculture and fish nutrition research aquarium in the College of Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University from a period 1/3 to 1/6/2013 to investigate the toxicity of the herbicide glyphosate aqua on Barbus sharpeyi fish. Fish fingerlings were used with average weight between 10 – 15 gm to measure the (LC50), and 200 fingerlings were used to know the acute and chronic toxic effect for the herbicide. The fingerlings were randomly distributed as 10 fish for each aquarium. Fish were divided into four treatments and control group (without addition of herbicide). The first processing with a concentration of 0.415 mg/L for a duration of exposure 90 days, the second processing group with a concentration 0.415 mg/L for 15 days, while the third group was treated with 0.207 mg/L of the herbicide for a duration of exposure, the forth group was exposed to 0.207 mg/L for 15 days only. The study aimed to determine the extent of the effect of the pesticide in the activity of liver enzymes, which included Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate amino transfers (AST) and Alanine amino transfers (ALT). The results of biochemical tests for liver enzymes to fish experience has shown a rise in activity of enzymes which increased with duration of exposure. The first and the third treatments has a significant differences (P ?0.05) compared with control group. Results of the experiment to improvement in the health status of fish in second and forth treatments compared to control group.

scholarly journals Precompetitional Weight Reduction Modifies Prooxidative-Antioxidative Status in Judokas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Knapik ◽  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Ewa Wojtyna ◽  
Grzegorz Onik ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress

Objective. The main aim of the study was an assessment of the influence of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress parameters in judokas differing in weight reduction value. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 judokas with an age range of 18-30 years (mean age: 22.4±3.40 years). Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and total oxidative stress were assessed three times: one week before a competition (the first stage), after gaining the desired weight (the second stage), and one week after the competition (the third stage). Results. Between the first and the second stage, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) decreased significantly. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), ceruloplasmin (CER), malondialdehyde (MDA), LPH, and total oxidative stress (TOS) concentrations were the lowest one week after the competition. Linear regression indicated that the emphases on increased weight reduction increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD, Mn-SOD, LPH, MDA, and TOS in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH. In judokas, the precompetitional weight reduction range was 0.44-6.10% (mean: 2.93%±1.76%) of the initial body weight. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD; p<.01), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; p<.001), and ceruloplasmin (CER; p<.05) decreased between the first and the third stage of the study as well between the second and third one. Before competitions, a decrease in lipid hydroperoxide (LPH; p<.01) concentration was observed. A reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA; p<.05), LPH (p<.01), and total oxidative stress (TOS; p<.05) levels between the first and the final stage occurred. The increase in weight reduction was linearly correlated with the rise of glutathione peroxidase (GPx; p<.05), glutathione reductase (GR; p<.05), glutathione S-transferase (GST; p<.05), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH; p<.05) concentrations between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD (p<.05), Mn-SOD (p<.05), LPH (p<.05), MDA (p<.05), and TOS (p<.05) in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH (p<.005). Conclusions. The effect of weight reduction in judo athletes on prooxidative-antioxidative system diversity depends on the weight reduction value.

scholarly journals Synphilin-1 Interacts with AMPK and Increases AMPK Phosphorylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxia Li ◽  
Jingnan Liu ◽  
Gongbo Guo ◽  
Bo Ning ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Ampk Phosphorylation

A role for the cytoplasmic protein synphilin-1 in regulating energy balance has been demonstrated recently. Expression of synphilin-1 increases ATP levels in cultured cells. However, the mechanism by which synphilin-1 alters cellular energy status is unknown. Here, we used cell models and biochemical approaches to investigate the cellular functions of synphilin-1 on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, which may affect energy balance. Overexpression of synphilin-1 increased AMPK phosphorylation (activation). Moreover, synphilin-1 interacted with AMPK by co-immunoprecipitation and GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down assays. Knockdown of synphilin-1 reduced AMPK phosphorylation. Overexpression of synphilin-1 also altered AMPK downstream signaling, i.e., a decrease in acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, and an increase in p70S6K phosphorylation. Treatment of compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) reduced synphilin-1 binding with AMPK. In addition, compound C diminished synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, and the increase in cellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) levels. Our results demonstrated that synphilin-1 couples with AMPK, and they exert mutual effects on each other to regulate cellular energy status. These findings not only identify novel cellular actions of synphilin-1, but also provide new insights into the roles of synphilin-1 in regulating energy currency, ATP.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potential of Carica papaya Linn (Caricaceae) leaf extract in mice with cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. e34702
Author(s):  
Tatiane Cordeiro Luiz ◽  
Ana Paula Simões Da Cunha ◽  
Danilo Henrique Aguiar ◽  
Marina Mariko Sugui ◽  
Rogério de Campos Bicudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Red Cell Count ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Carica papaya leaves on oxidative stress in mice induced by cyclophosphamide, as well as phytochemical profile characterization of this extract.METHODS: The male Swiss mice received 15 days of treatment with the extract (500 mg kg-1, via gavage) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%) on the 15th day. After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs for analyses (liver, kidney and heart). In the biochemical tests were determined: hematological parameters in blood, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues, besides genotoxic and histopathological analyzes.RESULTS: In the extract of Carica papaya leaves, the flavonoids quercetin-3β-D-glucoside and rutin were identified, besides present positive results for alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This extract increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzymes in the liver and reduced the levels of reduced glutathione in the kidneys and hematocrit levels, red cell count, and hemoglobin. It promoted the decrease of the reactive species of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in the kidneys and the activity of enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma and was antimutagenic in the micronucleus test.CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that extract of Carica papaya was beneficial against oxidative events and prevented DNA damage. The extract also showed hepatotoxicity, therefore prolonged infusion of papaya leaves is not advisable.

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