scholarly journals Precompetitional Weight Reduction Modifies Prooxidative-Antioxidative Status in Judokas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Knapik ◽  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Ewa Wojtyna ◽  
Grzegorz Onik ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress

Objective. The main aim of the study was an assessment of the influence of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress parameters in judokas differing in weight reduction value. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 judokas with an age range of 18-30 years (mean age: 22.4±3.40 years). Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and total oxidative stress were assessed three times: one week before a competition (the first stage), after gaining the desired weight (the second stage), and one week after the competition (the third stage). Results. Between the first and the second stage, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) decreased significantly. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), ceruloplasmin (CER), malondialdehyde (MDA), LPH, and total oxidative stress (TOS) concentrations were the lowest one week after the competition. Linear regression indicated that the emphases on increased weight reduction increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD, Mn-SOD, LPH, MDA, and TOS in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH. In judokas, the precompetitional weight reduction range was 0.44-6.10% (mean: 2.93%±1.76%) of the initial body weight. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD; p<.01), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; p<.001), and ceruloplasmin (CER; p<.05) decreased between the first and the third stage of the study as well between the second and third one. Before competitions, a decrease in lipid hydroperoxide (LPH; p<.01) concentration was observed. A reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA; p<.05), LPH (p<.01), and total oxidative stress (TOS; p<.05) levels between the first and the final stage occurred. The increase in weight reduction was linearly correlated with the rise of glutathione peroxidase (GPx; p<.05), glutathione reductase (GR; p<.05), glutathione S-transferase (GST; p<.05), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH; p<.05) concentrations between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD (p<.05), Mn-SOD (p<.05), LPH (p<.05), MDA (p<.05), and TOS (p<.05) in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH (p<.005). Conclusions. The effect of weight reduction in judo athletes on prooxidative-antioxidative system diversity depends on the weight reduction value.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
A. A. Sinyakov ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
N. G. Elmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Background. The problem of gastric cancer remains unresolved throughout the world, while chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) increases the likelihood of its development by 15 times. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is among the highest, with it prevailing among males. One of the leading mechanisms in molecular pathology of membranes is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The severity of oxidative membrane damage depends on concomitant diseases, contributing to emergence and progression of pathological processes and development of cancer. Currently, the problem of LPO is unsolved in biological systems.The aim of this study was to investigate the state of LPO and antioxidant defense system in CAG and GC. Materials and methods. The parameters were studied in 45 patients with CAG and 50 patients with GC. The control group included 50 practically healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints, who did not have changes in the gastric mucosa according to the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) findings.Results. In patients with CAG, an increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase was found in the blood plasma compared with the control group. In patients with CAG, lipid peroxidation was activated, and the malondialdehyde level increased by 3.5 times relative to normal values. At the same time, the body fought against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. All patients with GC showed pronounced oxidative stress in the blood plasma in the form of a 45-fold increase in malondialdehyde. The activity of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was reduced in GC. Catalase was activated, which indicated pronounced oxidative stress, significant damage to blood vessels, and massive cell death. Glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin were activated, which also indicated significant oxidative stress and severe intoxication in patients with GC.Conclusion. Depending on the stage and type of cancer, an in-depth study of lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system can be used to correct therapy and prevent cancer and can serve as markers of progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. 

scholarly journals Antioxidants-Related Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Gene Variants Analysis in an Obese Population: A Preliminary Case-Control Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Amani M. T. Gusti ◽  
Safaa Y. Qusti ◽  
Eida M. Alshammari ◽  
Eman A. Toraih ◽  
Manal S. Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Oxidative stress and antioxidants play an important role in obesity etiopathology. Genetic variants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the antioxidant-related genes, may impact disease risk in several populations. This preliminary study aimed to explore the association of 12 SNPs related to superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes with obesity susceptibility in a Saudi population. A total of 384 unrelated participants, including 154 (40.1%) obese individuals, were enrolled. TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping assays were used. Six SNPs were significantly more prevalent in obese cohorts: (1) GSTM1 rs1056806*C/T; (2) SOD1 rs2234694*A; (3) SOD2 rs4880*G; (4) SOD3 rs2536512*A; (5) GPX1 rs1800668*A; (6) NOS3 rs1799983*G. Four SNPs were associated with higher obesity risk under heterozygote and dominant models for GSTM1 rs1056806 (C/T), homozygote model for SOD2 rs4880 (A/G), and homozygote and recessive models for GPX1 rs1800668 (A/G). In contrast, SOD3 rs2536512 (A/G) were less likely to be obese under heterozygote and dominant models. The CGAG, CAAA, TGGG, and CGAG combined genotypes showed a higher risk of obesity. In conclusion, the present results suggest that oxidative-stress-related genetic determinants could significantly associate with obesity risk in the study population.

scholarly journals Influence of Classical Massage on Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress in Humans: Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zofia Skubisz ◽  
Daria Kupczyk ◽  
Aleksander Goch ◽  
Marcin Siedlaczek ◽  
Łukasz Sielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Classical massage is one of the most popular forms of conservative treatment in various diseases. Despite the wide scope of research, the mechanisms of massage are not fully known and understood. Apart from the well-described effects on individual body systems, there are few scientific reports on the effects of massage on the human body at the subcellular level. The study was designed to assess changes in oxidative stress parameters in healthy volunteers after a single session of classical massage. 29 healthy volunteers aged 22.24 ± 3.64 participated in the study. Before and 30 minutes after the massage procedures, blood samples were taken by experienced personnel. Biochemical markers of oxidative homeostasis were assessed with highly specific methods for each parameter: oxidase ceruloplasmin, glutathione, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase. The study demonstrates that massage therapy caused statistically significant decrease in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (red blood cells) and increase in the level of glutathione peroxidase (plasma), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde. In contrast, statistically significant changes in the hematocrit, glutathione, NO2-/NO3-, and oxidase ceruloplasmin were not observed. The results show that complex influence of classical massage therapy on human organism may be reflected in parameters of the oxidative stress. To understand this mechanism clearly, further research is needed.

Effects of the oxidative stress and genetic changes in varicose vein patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrim Saribal ◽  
Eyup Murat Kanber ◽  
Fatma Sinem Hocaoglu-Emre ◽  
Mehmet C Akyolcu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Etiology of the varicose veins is still partly known. It has been proposed that varicose veins formation might be a cause of the oxidative stress and/or cause from genetical reasons. Method The levels of antioxidant defense system enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and an oxidative stress indicator, malondialdehyde, were measured in saphenous vein samples of varicose veins patients. Additionally, genetical polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase theta-1 has been studied. Result In this study, measurements revealed significant increase in catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the patient group, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and comparison of the null mutation frequency in the glutathione S-transferase theta-1 gene did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusion We propose that the increase in catalase and malondialdehyde activities in our patient group may be related to each other. Increase in catalase levels, an antioxidant enzyme might be a compensatory response to the increase in malondialdehyde levels, an oxidative molecule.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

How well do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Voice

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.

Immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes in testis of rams submitted to long-term heat stress

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-435
Author(s):  
Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton ◽  
Gabriela Esteves Duarte ◽  
José Antonio Visintin ◽  
Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Testicular Cells

SummaryLong-term heat stress (HS) induced by testicular insulation generates oxidative stress (OS) on the testicular environment; consequently activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The aim of this work was to immunolocalize antioxidant enzymes present in different cells within the seminiferous tubule when rams were submitted to HS. Rams were divided into control (n = 6) and treated group (n = 6), comprising rams subjected to testicular insulation for 240 h. After the testicular insulation period, rams were subjected to orchiectomy. Testicular fragments were submitted to immunohistochemistry for staining against SOD, GR and GPx enzymes. We observed immunolocalization of GPx in more cell types of the testis after HS and when compared with other enzymes. In conclusion, GPx is the main antioxidant enzyme identified in testicular cells in an attempt to maintain oxidative balance when HS occurs.

scholarly journals Effect of Cross-Sex Hormonal Replacement on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Retroperitoneal Fat Adipocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Hormonal Replacement

We report the effect of cross-sex hormonal replacement on antioxidant enzymes from rat retroperitoneal fat adipocytes. Eight rats of each gender were assigned to each of the following groups: control groups were intact female or male (F and M, resp.). Experimental groups were ovariectomized F (OvxF), castrated M (CasM), OvxF plus testosterone (OvxF + T), and CasM plus estradiol (CasM + E2) groups. After sacrifice, retroperitoneal fat was dissected and processed for histology. Adipocytes were isolated and the following enzymatic activities were determined: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. In OvxF, retroperitoneal fat increased and adipocytes were enlarged, while in CasM rats a decrease in retroperitoneal fat and small adipocytes are observed. The cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats was associated with larger adipocytes and a further decreased activity of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, and GSH, in addition to an increase in LPO. CasM + E2exhibited the opposite effects showing further activation antioxidant enzymes and decreases in LPO. In conclusion, E2deficiency favors an increase in retroperitoneal fat and large adipocytes. Cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats aggravates the condition by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes.

Reconstruction of Tragus and External Auditory Meatus using Remnant Auricle during Microtia Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Yi-gao Hu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Thin Skin

AbstractThis article investigates an effective method with which to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus for microtia reconstruction. The external ear was reconstructed using a delayed postauricular skin flap in patients with congenital microtia. After the first stage of delaying the postauricular skin flap and the second stage of otoplasty with ear framework fabricated from autogenous rib cartilage draping with the delayed skin flap, the third stage involved tragus and external auditory meatus canaloplasty. After designing the remnant auricle flap, the lower part was trimmed and the tragus was reconstructed. The upper part was trimmed into a thin skin flap, which was rotated and used to cover the hollowed wound posterosuperior to the tragus so as to mimic the external auditory meatus. If remnant wounds were present, skin grafting was conducted. In total, 121 patients with congenital microtia were treated from March 2010 to March 2016. The reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus were well formed, and all wounds healed well. No severe complications such as flap necrosis occurred. Six months postoperatively, the morphology of the reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus was good. Overall, the patients and their families were satisfied. The use of remnant auricle to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus is an effective auricular reconstruction technique.

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