scholarly journals Research of the utilization of biotechnological agents for the reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions in livestock breeding in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jelínek ◽  
M. Dědina ◽  
R. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Methane Carbon

The reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions resulting from the livestock breeding is conditioned by the performance of many experiments for the reducing technologies verification. The utilisation of biotechnological agents in the livestock breeding enables to reduce not only ammonia but in many cases also the principal greenhouse gases. In the paper is presented the system and methodology of the measurements, the choice of more than eighty authorised measurements, and the determination of the emission factors for methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and nitrogen oxide from pig and poultry breeding.

RUMEN GAS ANALYSIS BY GAS-SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McArthur ◽  
J. E. Miltimore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Thermal Detector ◽  
Thermal Detection ◽  
Methane Carbon

Methods are described for sampling and analysing rumen gases. The analysis requires less than 15 minutes for the determination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide, i.e., for all gases occurring in the rumen. The method is sensitive and requires only a small quantity of sample, and the sample volume need not be known. The presence of water or other vapours in the sample does not influence the results. Relative thermal detector responses have been determined for gases which occur in the rumen. These eliminate the necessity for the calibration of gas chromatographs using thermal detection. The first complete analysis of rumen gas is presented.

A Comparative Analysis of the Power of Selected European Countries. The Economic Determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Alicja Paluch ◽  
Henryk Spustek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
National Power

The ever-increasing need for in-depth analysis and quantification of the national power, in particular ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ power-generating factors as well as difficulties in identifying a comprehensive and effective method for scientific determination of the national power, have given rise to research in the indicated scientific issues within this article. The presented considerations aim to define the assumptions for a descriptive sub-model that would enable a comparison of Poland’s power in the economic sphere (which is a component of the non-military sphere) with the power of selected European countries. The research hypothesis is that, among the variety of descriptive variables in the economic sphere of the national power, there is a subset of mutually independent variables, at the same time strongly correlated with the national power, which make it possible to define assumptions for the sub-model of the national power. The steps of the research procedure were carried out using the method of system analysis (multi-criteria comparative analysis) and statistical analysis. The research activities undertaken have shown that the factors that are strongly correlated with the national power in the economic area of the European countries adopted for the analysis are: dynamics of industrial production, private sector credit flows and economic freedom index. The comparative analysis carried out demonstrates that the greatest increase in the economic power in the analysed period took place in Germany (0.68). Slightly smaller growth was recorded in the Czech Republic (0.62) and Poland (0.60), while the lowest value of increase was in Romania (0.23). The conducted qualitative comparative analysis of the economic power of selected European countries allowed to conclude that the independent variables identified are crucial for the formation of the economic power of the analysed countries. At the same time, a fairly strong position of the Czech Republic and Poland in relation to the economic power of Germany was found. The performed quantification of the economic power of the European countries provides a basis for the correct determination of changes in the power distribution of political units, assessment of the power and resources held by the state.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Sars-Cov-2 Occurrence in Wastewater in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Mlejnkova ◽  
Katerina Sovova ◽  
Petra Vasickova ◽  
Vera Ocenaskova ◽  
Lucie Jasikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The virus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic, may be present in the stools of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we aimed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. Samples of untreated wastewater were collected from 33 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of different sizes within the Czech Republic. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater and viral RNA was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 11.6% of samples and more than 27.3% of WWTPs; in some of them, SARS-CoV-2 was detected repeatedly. Our preliminary results indicate that an epidemiology approach that focuses on the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater could be suitable for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in the population.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 by biochemical, serological, and PCR methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Simonová ◽  
M. Vázlerová ◽  
I. Steinhauserová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Serotype O

In this study, the pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> of serotype O:3 was monitored. The serotype is widely spread in Europe and has been linked to human yersiniosis. For the detection of pathogenic strains were used biochemical and serological methods as well as PCR methods based on the identification of virulence genes (<i>ail</i>, <i>rfbC</i>, <i>ystA</i>, <i>yadA</i>, <i>virF</i>). The occurrence of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 strains was monitored in slaughter animals from a number of farms in the Czech Republic. A total of 3748 samples were collected coming from pigs (1388), cattle (633), poultry (902), and slaughter facilities (825). Fifty-two <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 isolates were identified by biochemical and serologic methods, and 53 <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 isolates were identified by PCR methods (46 isolates from pigs, 2 isolates from poultry, 3 isolates from cattle, and 2 isolates from a poultry slaughtering facility). All isolates of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 carried genes <i>ail</i> and <i>rfbC</i>, 83% isolates carried gene <i>ystA</i>, 79% isolates carried gene <i>yadA</i> and 49% isolates carried gene <i>virF</i>. The use of PCR methods based on the identification of <i>ail</i> and <i>rfbC</i> genes provides for a sufficiently specific identification of pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 strains with optimum time consumption compared to biochemical and serological methods. It is not recommendable to use other PCR methods (detection of the <i>ystA, <i>yadA</i>, and <i>virF</i> genes) for the detection of pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> strains because those methods are not very specific for the determination of pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Limiting factors in the field of business activities in rural tourism

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ryglová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
The Individual

This paper deals with problems of rural tourism development. The works is focused on researching the situation in the area of rural tourism in the Czech Republic, on understanding the attitudes of entrepreneurial sphere and rural population to this entrepreneurship and mainly on the determination of limiting factors that prevent this form of tourism from a more distinctive development. Rural tourism in the Czech Republic is still in the initiating stage of its development and it is not as developed as in some countries in West Europe. This goal has been reached with the help of primary questionnaire inquiry among business and agricultural subjects in rural areas in the individual regions and the detail results of this questionnaire inquiry are enclosed to the following paper. These identified factors were mainly insufficient financial means and at the same time insufficient state assistance connected with this. Insufficient awareness of this support as well as its inaccessibility for small business appears to be a difficulty, too. From the other obstacles, we can mention the current legislation system, bureaucracy, the state of communication and tourist infrastructure, fears of neighbours’ intolerance and losing privacy and also unfamiliarity and little experience.

Determination of Ergosterol Levels in Barley and Malt Varieties in the Czech Republic via HPLC

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 4092-4095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Jedličková ◽  
David Gadas ◽  
Pavla Havlová ◽  
Josef Havel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Emission from Road Transportation in Yogyakarta City

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Qorry Nugrahayu ◽  
Raditya Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Yogyakarta City

The use of vehicles in Yogyakarta City is quite a lot. Fuelcombustion in the vehicle produces some greenhouse gases emissions suchas Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrogen Dioxide. This causes thetransportation sector to become one of the largest greenhouse gasesemission contributors. This research is aimed to calculate the greenhousegases emission (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Methane) from theroad transportation sector in Yogyakarta City using IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Tier 1 and activity data in2015. The result of this research showed that the greenhouse gasesemissions produced in Yogyakarta City for the gasoline fuel and the dieselfuel in 2015 are 236.061 Gg CO2eq /year and 31.807 Gg CO2eq /year. These cause the total greenhouse gases emission from the roadtransportation sector in Yogyakarta City to become 267.868 Gg CO2 eq/year.

scholarly journals The accuracy of FOM instrument used in on-line pig carcass classification in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Šprysl ◽  
J. Čítek ◽  
R. Stupka ◽  
L. Vališ ◽  
M. Vítek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Operator Error ◽  
On Line

The objective of this study was to document the accuracy of the classification equipment used in the Czech Republic with respect to measurement errors in lean meat percentage prediction such as point of measurement error, equipment error as well as operator error. To this end, a total of 720 pigs were measured in one abattoir. One can say from the results that the correlations between correct and surrogate measurements of fat depth are high (0.95&minus;0.98), for muscle thickness they are lower ranging from 0.49 to 0.88, and for lean meat percentage they are in the range of 0.85&minus;0.95. The lowest correlation (0.49) was calculated for muscle depth measurement between the 2nd and 3rd last rib when the place of measurement was moved 1 cm in the caudal direction, which influenced the level of the FOM correlation. It was further demonstrated that for the second insertion the differences in lean meat percentage prediction ranged from &minus;6.07% to +9.29%. It was also demonstrated that various instruments provided identical measurements of fat depth (<i>r</i> = 0.57&minus;0.97), while for muscle depth the performance was worse (<i>r</i> = 0.38–0.78), which caused a fluctuation in the prediction of lean meat percentage with differences ranging from &minus;2.56% to +2.81%. It can also be concluded that a high agreement between operators was demonstrated for the determination of lean meat percentage (<i>r</i> = 0.71&minus;0.80).

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