scholarly journals The combination of drought and heat stress has a greater effect on potato plants than single stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Handayani ◽  
Kazuo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Phenotypic Shift

Several research groups have examined the effects of drought stress and heat stress on potato, but few investigations of the effects of combined drought-heat stress have been reported. Using five potato lines, the potato plants’ responses to drought stress, heat stress, as well as combined drought-heat stress were studied, to get the insight in phenotypic shift due to abiotic stresses. The experiment was conducted as a growth room experimental under non-stress and abiotic stresses (drought, heat, and combined drought-heat) conditions. The results demonstrated that potato plants responded to the abiotic stresses by decreasing their plant height, leaf size, cell membrane stability, and relative water content (RWC). However, increasing their leaf chlorophyll content under drought and combined drought-heat stresses. Generally, the combined drought-heat stress had a greater effect on the tested traits. The potato line L1 (84.194.30) showed the lowest level of wilting in all three types of abiotic stress, supported by a small RWC change compared to the control condition; L1 is thus considered relatively tolerant to abiotic stress. The potato lines’ different responses to each type of abiotic stress indicate that the potato lines have different levels of sensitivity to each abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

Synergistic and additive effects of drought stress and simulated herbivory on two goldenrods, Solidago altissima and S. gigantea

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoryana Shibel ◽  
Stephen B. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Solidago Altissima ◽  
Simulated Herbivory ◽  
Combined Stresses ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Understanding the combined effects of stressors on plants is important for understanding how they will tolerate herbivory and other damage under unfavorable conditions. When two stresses have synergistic effects, plants may experience particularly strong impacts. We examined individual and combined effects of drought stress and clipping (simulated herbivory) on two species of goldenrods (Solidago altissima L. and S. gigantea Ait.). Each stress reduced production of most plant structures, with drought stress having stronger impacts than clipping. The effects of the two stresses were additive for S. gigantea but synergistic for S. altissima, at least for aboveground biomass and inflorescence biomass. Both species, when under stress, reallocated resources toward asexual reproduction (rhizomes) and away from sexual reproduction (inflorescences). Our results suggest that even closely related plants may tolerate damage differently when under abiotic stresses, and that predicting the additive vs. synergistic action of combined stresses will be difficult.

Cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content variation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under conditions of heat and drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Rana ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Heat and drought are among the major obstacles confronting crop production under climate change. The present study was conducted to evaluate 50 diverse wheat genotypes for cell membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content at seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions, to understand the effect of the two abiotic factors and to find promising genotypes for future breeding. Experiments were conducted in the glasshouse (seedling stage) and the field (anthesis stage). Analysis of variance showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) for all of the traits at seedling and anthesis stages. High levels of broad-sense heritability and genetic advance at 5% selection intensity indicated the presence of a high genetic component of variation and potential for genetic improvement through selection among the existing genetic variation. CMS showed a significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight (TGW) under heat and drought conditions at both seedling and anthesis stages. Chlorophyll a/b ratio at seedling stage exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = –0.39, P < 0.05) with TGW under heat stress. Total chlorophyll content was significantly (r = 0.42, P < 0.05) correlated with TGW under heat stress at anthesis. Genotypes ETAD248 and ETAD7 showed the highest CMS and TGW values, whereas their chlorophyll a/b values were lowest, at both seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions. Higher CMS and total chlorophyll content, and lower chlorophyll a/b, were found to be useful indicators to identify genotypes with high TGW under heat and drought stress conditions. This study indicated the possibility of using seedling resistance as an indicator for later stage response in breeding for heat and drought resistance. The resistant genotypes identified can be used as potential germplasm in breeding programs.

Effects of drought stress and rewatering on antioxidant systems and relative water content in different growth stages of maize (Zea maysL.) hybrids

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Goodarzian Ghahfarokhi ◽  
Syrus Mansurifar ◽  
Ruhollah Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi ◽  
Mohsen Saeidi ◽  
Amir Mohammad Jamshidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Plant virus evolution under strong drought conditions results in a transition from parasitism to mutualism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Anamarija Butkovic ◽  
Francisco Escaray ◽  
Javier Martínez-Latorre ◽  
Ízan Melero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Plant Virus Evolution ◽  
Virus Adaptation ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Environmental conditions are an important factor driving pathogens evolution. Here we explore the effects of drought stress in plant virus evolution. We evolved a potyvirus in well-watered and drought conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions that differ in their response to virus infection. Virus adaptation occurred in all accessions independently of watering status. Drought-evolved viruses conferred a significantly higher tolerance to drought to infected plants. By contrast, non-significant increases in tolerance were observed in plants infected with viruses evolved under standard watering. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on the plant accessions. Differences in tolerance were correlated to alterations in the expression of host genes, some involved in regulation of the circadian clock, as well as in deep changes in the balance of phytohormones regulating defense and growth signaling pathways. Our results show that viruses can promote host survival in situations of abiotic stress, being the magnitude of such benefit a selectable trait.

Effects of drought stress on the water relations in Brassica species

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Good ◽  
James L. Maclagan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Effects Of Drought

The physiological responses of different species of Brassica to induced drought stress were studied by analysing the relationships between relative water content, leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential during the onset of drought stress. These data indicate that while there was a decrease in leaf osmotic potential with the onset of drought stress, this did not result from a net increase in solutes. Therefore, these genotypes of Brassica do not appear able to osmoregulate under these drought conditions. Key words: Brassica, drought, osmoregulation, water stress

scholarly journals Differential Physiological Responses and Genetic Variations in Fine Fescue Species for Heat and Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Wang ◽  
Patrick Burgess ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Prolonged Heat ◽  
Fine Fescue

Summer decline is typically characterized by heat and drought stress and is a major concern for fine fescue species (Festuca). The objectives of this study were to examine whether heat or drought stress is more detrimental, and to determine the genotypic variations in heat and drought tolerance for fine fescues. A total of 26 cultivars, including seven hard fescues (Festuca trachyphylla), eight chewings fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. commutate), seven strong creeping red fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra), two sheep fescues (Festuca ovina ssp. hirtula), and two slender creeping red fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis) were subjected to prolonged heat or drought stress in growth chambers. Several physiological parameters, including turf quality (TQ), electrolyte leakage (EL), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) chlorophyll content (Chl), and relative water content (RWC) were measured in plants exposed to heat or drought stress. The results indicated that heat stress was more detrimental than drought stress for fine fescue species. Based on TQ and major physiological parameters (EL and Fv/Fm) under heat stress, several cultivars with good heat tolerance were selected, including ‘Blue Ray’, ‘Spartan II’, ‘MN-HD1’, ‘Shoreline’, ‘Navigator II’, ‘Azure’, ‘Beacon’, ‘Aurora Gold’, ‘Reliant IV’, ‘Marco Polo’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Wendy Jean’, ‘Razor’, and ‘Cindy Lou’. Based on TQ and major physiological parameters (EL, RWC, and Fv/Fm) under drought stress, several cultivars with good drought tolerance were selected, including ‘Spartan II’, ‘MN-HD1’, ‘Reliant IV’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Azure’, and ‘Aurora Gold’. These cultivars could be used in hot, dry, or both environments and as breeding germplasm for developing heat tolerance, drought tolerance, or both.

scholarly journals Combined Use of Endophytic Bacteria and Pre-Sowing Treatment of Thiamine Mitigates the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6582
Author(s):  
Syeda Fasiha Amjad ◽  
Nida Mansoora ◽  
Samia Yaseen ◽  
Afifa Kamal ◽  
Beenish Butt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

On a global scale, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated crop among all cereals. Increasing pollution, population expansion, socio-economic development, ecological and industrial policies have induced changes in overall climatic attributes. The impact of these factors on agriculture dynamics has led to various biotic and abiotic stresses, i.e., significant decline in rainfall, directly affect sustainable agriculture. Increasing abiotic stresses have a direct negative effect on worldwide crop production. More promising and improved stress-tolerant strategies that can help to feed the increasing global population are required. A laboratory experiment was performed on two of the latest wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Akbar 2019 and Anaj 2017) from Punjab Pakistan, to determine the influence of seed priming with thiamine (vitamin B1) along with soil inoculation of Endophytic bacterial strains to mitigate the effects of drought stress at different degrees. Results revealed that thiamine helped in the remote germination; seeds of Anaj 2017 germinated within 16 hours while Akbar 2019 germinated after one day. Overall growth parameters of Anaj 2017 were negatively affected even under higher levels of drought stress, while Akbar 2019 proved to be a susceptible cultivar. A significant increase in RFW (54%), SFW (85%), RDW (69%), SDW (67%) and TChl (136%) validated the effectiveness of D-T3 compared to C-T0 in drought stress. Significant decrease in MDA, EL and H2O2 signified the imperative function of D-T3 over C-T0 under drought stress. In conclusion and recommendation, we declare that farmers can get better wheat growth under drought stress by application of D-T3 over C-T0.

scholarly journals Conserved miR396b-GRF Regulation Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses in Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Li Li ◽  
Zhuang Wen ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Xiao-Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

MicroRNA396 (miR396) is a conserved microRNA family that targets growth-regulating factors (GRFs), which play significant roles in plant growth and stress responses. Available evidence justifies the idea that miR396-targeted GRFs have important functions in many plant species; however, no genome-wide analysis of the pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) miR396 gene has yet been reported. Further, its biological functions remain elusive. To uncover the regulatory roles of miR396 and its targets, the hairpin sequence of pitaya miR396b and the open reading frame (ORF) of its target, HpGRF6, were isolated from pitaya. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the precursor miR396b (MIR396b) gene of plants might be clustered into three major groups, and, generally, a more recent evolutionary relationship in the intra-family has been demonstrated. The sequence analysis indicated that the binding site of hpo-miR396b in HpGRF6 is located at the conserved motif which codes the conserved “RSRKPVE” amino acid in the Trp–Arg–Cys (WRC) region. In addition, degradome sequencing analysis confirmed that four GRFs (GRF1, c56908.graph_c0; GRF4, c52862.graph_c0; GRF6, c39378.graph_c0 and GRF9, c54658.graph_c0) are hpo-miR396b targets that are regulated by specific cleavage at the binding site between the 10th and 11th nucleotides from the 5′ terminus of hpo-miR396b. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that hpo-miR396b is down-regulated when confronted with drought stress (15% polyethylene glycol, PEG), and its expression fluctuates under other abiotic stresses, i.e., low temperature (4 ± 1 °C), high temperature (42 ± 1 °C), NaCl (100 mM), and abscisic acid (ABA; 0.38 mM). Conversely, the expression of HpGRF6 showed the opposite trend to exposure to these abiotic stresses. Taken together, hpo-miR396b plays a regulatory role in the control of HpGRF6, which might influence the abiotic stress response of pitaya. This is the first documentation of this role in pitaya and improves the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance to drought stress in this fruit.

scholarly journals Response of Mediterranean Ornamental Plants to Drought Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Ornamental plants use unique adaptive mechanisms to overcome the negative effects of drought stress. A large number of species grown in the Mediterranean area offer the opportunity to select some for ornamental purposes with the ability to adapt to drought conditions. The plants tolerant to drought stress show different adaptation mechanisms to overcome drought stress, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. These responses include increasing root/shoot ratio, growth reduction, leaf anatomy change, and reduction of leaf size and total leaf area to limit water loss and guarantee photosynthesis. In this review, the effect of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence is discussed. Recent information on the mechanisms of signal transduction and the development of drought tolerance in ornamental plants is provided. Finally, drought-induced oxidative stress is analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this review is to deepen our knowledge of how drought may modify the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and reduce their aesthetic value—that is, the key parameter of assessment of ornamental plants.

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