scholarly journals Status of an indigenous agro-forestry system in changing climate: A case study of the middle Himalayan region of Tehri Garhwal, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kala C
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Agro Forestry

The agro-forestry system is one of the best known indigenous practices for livelihood. In view of instant decline in the rainfed hill agro-forestry system the present study was undertaken in the hilly villages of Uttarakhand state of India with the major objective to assess the status and effects of various factors on this centuries old indigenous agro-forestry system. The survey documented a total of 26 herbaceous food crop species and 21 woody species that were raised by farmers in the selected villages of Uttarakhand. A total of 37 plant species available in the agro-forestry system and used for curing various ailments by traditional healers were also documented during the survey. The major cereals produced by farmers were Oryza sativa L., Echinochloa frumentoacea Link., Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner and Triticum aestivum L. The indigenous system of cropping was locally called as Baranaja that revolved around the production of > 12 varieties of crops. Besides food, the species grown in the agro-forestry system were used for multiple purposes. Water scarcity, migration of youth in search of employment and changing socio-economic and climatic conditions were some of the major reasons for declining agro-forestry system and abandoning the agricultural land.

Analiza modului de utilizare a terenurilor în Regiunea de Dezvoltare Nord a Republicii Moldova

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurie Bejan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Agro Forestry

The land use has undergone some changes in the last 30 years, by reducing the areas with arable land, converting multi-annual plantations into other categories of land, etc. According to the current mode of land use, the Northern Development Region has a pronounced agricultural profile - 80.3% of the total area represents agricultural land. The spatial differentiations regarding the morphological and agro-climatic conditions allowed the identification within the region of areas with agro-forestry and agro-pastoral specializations.

scholarly journals Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
The Status

This research entitled, “Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement” was carried out in Habeli Community Forest of Nuwakot district with the specific objectives of assessing the status of NTFPs in the study area, studying the local people’s knowledge about NTFPs, their attitude towards collection and domestication, assessing the role of NTFPs to household economy and existing market system of NTFPs. Altogether 30 households were sampled to carry out the research and the information regarding biophysical and socio economic condition, perception towards NTFPs and their domestication were collected through various PRA and RRA tools like Household Survey, Group Discussion, and Key Informant Survey (KIS). People were generally familiar with the NTFPs and their importance and were slowly heading towards NTFPs domestication although on a small scale. The respondents have been utilizing their agricultural land to grow NTFPs like Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis and other species like Dendrocalamus strictus and Arundinaria intermedia that were grown naturally on the farmlands and were also willing to domesticate more NTFPs having higher market value such as Swertiachirayita in the upcoming days. Altogether of 34 NTFPs of 28 different families were documented in the study area where most of them were in their wild stage. The C.F has the immense opportunity of promoting NTFPs in future which is at the rapid conservation stage right now. The geographical and climatic conditions are also favorable to grow NTFPs that may lead towards the initiation of forest based small scale enterprise that can eventually generate employment and income. NTFPs promotion has become essential in all parts of the country so research on this subject matter can create a milestone in the economic upliftment of the country. The future research on promotion of NTFPs, local manufacturing of NTFPs, distribution ecology and reproductive biology of NTFPS also has the great potentiality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5535The Initiation Vol.4 2011 46-55

scholarly journals Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HAKALA ◽  
A.O. HANNUKKALA ◽  
E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases

A longer growing season and higher accumulated effective temperature sum (ETS) will improve crop production potential in Finland. The production potential of new or at present underutilised crops (e.g. maize (Zea mays L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)) will improve and it will be possible to grow more productive varieties of the currently grown crops (spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.)). Also cultivation of autumn sown crops could increase if winters become milder and shorter, promoting overwintering success. Climatic conditions may on the other hand become restrictive in many ways. For example, early season droughts could intensify because of higher temperatures and consequent higher evaporation rates. Current low winter temperatures and short growing season help restrict the development and spread of pests and pathogens, but this could change in the future. Longer growing seasons, warmer autumns and milder winters may initiate new problems with higher occurrences of weeds, pests and pathogens, including new types of viruses and virus vectors. Anoxia of overwintering crops caused by ice encasement, and physical damage caused by freezing and melting of water over the fields may also increase. In this study we identify the most likely changes in crop species and varieties in Finland and the pest and pathogen species that are most likely to create production problems as a result of climate change during this century.;

scholarly journals Land Use Favourability Assessment Based on Soil Characteristics and Anthropic Pollution. Case Study Somesul Mic Valley Corridor, Romania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Matei ◽  
Ioan Pacurar ◽  
Sanda Rosca ◽  
Stefan Bilasco ◽  
Paul Sestras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Gis Technology

The Someș Corridor, located in the central Transylvanian region of Romania, is a territory characterised by favourable conditions for habitation and land use with agricultural purposes, offering suitable premises for the development of the settlements and the economic activities taking place in the area. This study aims to identify the parcels of land from outside the built-up area, which can be used as arable land, this particular use being pursued due to the favourability induced by the pedological resources, the morphometrical characteristics of the Someș floodplain and, last but not least, the climatic conditions. GIS technology has been used, enabling the management of the databases representing soil, topography and climatic factors, and thus obtaining the classification of all land parcels using favourability classes for agricultural land use. In order to perform a correct favourability classification, the degree of soil pollution and groundwater pollution have been analysed, using chemical tests of water and soil profiles taken in the area of former abandoned industrial platforms, which are intended to be reintroduced in the local economic use. The highest degree of soil pollution with ammonium and sulphates has been identified in the industrial park from Dej city, on the territory of the former industrial platform of the paper factory, this pollution modifying the quality scores of arable land use, despite the fulfilment of favourable climatic and topographic conditions.

Development of PCR-based codominant markers flanking the Alt3 gene in rye

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahudin ◽  
G J Scoles ◽  
J P Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Codominant Markers

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. The ability of crops to overcome Al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most Al-tolerant species among the Triticeae. Our previous study showed that Al tolerance in a rye F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (Alt3) gene on chromosome 4RL. Based on the DNA sequence of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) BAC clone suspected to be syntenic to the Alt3 gene region, we developed two PCR-based codominant markers flanking the gene. These two markers, a sequence-tagged site (STS) marker and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, each flanked the Alt3 gene at an approximate distance of 0.4 cM and can be used to facilitate high-resolution mapping of the gene. The markers might also be used for marker-assisted selection in rye or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs to obtain Al-tolerant lines and (or) cultivars.Key words: rye, aluminum tolerance, CAPS, STS, flanking marker, rice BAC, synteny.

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

scholarly journals A Planning Tool for Reliability Assessment of Overhead Distribution Lines in Hybrid AC/DC Grids

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6099
Author(s):  
Giovanna Adinolfi ◽  
Roberto Ciavarella ◽  
Giorgio Graditi ◽  
Antonio Ricca ◽  
Maria Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Reliability Function ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Grid Resource ◽  
Distribution Lines ◽  
Ac Networks ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
Power Dispatching

Integration of DC grids into AC networks will realize hybrid AC/DC grids, a new energetic paradigm which will become widespread in the future due to the increasing availability of DC-based generators, loads and storage systems. Furthermore, the huge connection of intermittent renewable sources to distribution grids could cause security and congestion issues affecting line behaviour and reliability performance. This paper aims to propose a planning tool for congestion forecasting and reliability assessment of overhead distribution lines. The tool inputs consist of a single line diagram of a real or synthetic grid and a set of 24-h forecasting time series concerning climatic conditions and grid resource operative profiles. The developed approach aims to avoid congestions criticalities, taking advantage of optimal active power dispatching among “congestion-nearby resources”. A case study is analysed to validate the implemented control strategy considering a modified IEEE 14-Bus System with introduction of renewables. The tool also implements reliability prediction formulas to calculate an overhead line reliability function in congested and congestions-avoided conditions. A quantitative evaluation underlines the reliability performance achievable after the congestion strategy action.

scholarly journals Discursive Strategies and Sequenced Institutional Change: The Case of Marriage Equality in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110205
Author(s):  
Giulia Mariani ◽  
Tània Verge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private Actors

Building on historical and discursive institutionalism, this article examines the agent-based dynamics of gradual institutional change. Specifically, using marriage equality in the United States as a case study, we examine how actors’ ideational work enabled them to make use of the political and discursive opportunities afforded by multiple venues to legitimize the process of institutional change to take off sequentially through layering, displacement, and conversion. We also pay special attention to how the discursive strategies deployed by LGBT advocates, religious-conservative organizations and other private actors created new opportunities to influence policy debates and tip the scales to their preferred policy outcome. The sequential perspective adopted in this study allows problematizing traditional conceptualizations of which actors support or contest the status quo, as enduring oppositional dynamics lead them to perform both roles in subsequent phases of the institutional change process.

scholarly journals Determinants of judges’ career choices and productivity: a Polish case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Banasik ◽  
Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska ◽  
Małgorzata Godlewska ◽  
Sylwia Morawska
Keyword(s):  
Career Choices ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Administrative Supervision ◽  
Judicial Efficiency ◽  
The Status ◽  
Service Mission ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to identify factors which affect judges’ productivity and career choice motives with the view of increasing judicial efficiency. Specifically, the investigation focuses on such aspects as judges’ remuneration, promotion, threat of judgment revocation, service/mission, periodic assessment, the threat of a complaint about protracted proceedings or of disciplinary proceedings, the threat of destabilization of the employment relationship, status/prestige of the profession, power/authority, social recognition, leisure, as well as administrative supervision and self-monitoring. To this end, a survey was conducted among judges of three of the largest Polish regional courts and subordinate district courts. The descriptive and statistical analyses show that judges’ care for the number of cases resolved, proxying for their productivity, is significantly correlated with self-monitoring of their adjudication activity. The stability of employment, the status/prestige of the profession and a relatively high remuneration are the most important factors in terms of judges’ career choices. In their care for the number of cases resolved remuneration is, albeit, no longer a relevant factor. Judges monitor their productivity due to reasons other than remuneration, possibly the sense of service/mission and the threat of various adverse consequences, the evidence for which is, however, also rather weak.

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