Development of PCR-based codominant markers flanking the Alt3 gene in rye

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahudin ◽  
G J Scoles ◽  
J P Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Codominant Markers

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. The ability of crops to overcome Al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most Al-tolerant species among the Triticeae. Our previous study showed that Al tolerance in a rye F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (Alt3) gene on chromosome 4RL. Based on the DNA sequence of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) BAC clone suspected to be syntenic to the Alt3 gene region, we developed two PCR-based codominant markers flanking the gene. These two markers, a sequence-tagged site (STS) marker and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, each flanked the Alt3 gene at an approximate distance of 0.4 cM and can be used to facilitate high-resolution mapping of the gene. The markers might also be used for marker-assisted selection in rye or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs to obtain Al-tolerant lines and (or) cultivars.Key words: rye, aluminum tolerance, CAPS, STS, flanking marker, rice BAC, synteny.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of aluminum tolerance in Brazilian barleys

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euclydes Minella ◽  
Mark Earl Sorrells
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Hematoxylin Staining

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting barley growth in acid soils, and genotypes with adequate level of tolerance are needed for improving barley adaptation in Brazil. To study the inheritance of Al tolerance in Brazilian barleys, cultivars Antarctica 1, BR 1 and FM 404 were crossed to sensitive Kearney and PFC 8026, and intercrossed. Parental, F1, F2 and F6 generations were grown in nutrient solution containing 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM of Al and classified for tolerance by the root tip hematoxylin staining assay. Tolerant by sensitive F2 progenies segregated three tolerant to one sensitive, fitting the 3:1 ratio expected for a single gene. The F6 populations segregated one tolerant to one sensitive also fitting a monogenic ratio. The F2 seedlings from crosses among tolerant genotypes scored the same as the parents. Since the population size used would allow detection of recombination as low as 7%, the complete absence of Al sensitive recombinants suggests that tolerance in these cultivars is most probably, controlled by the same gene. Thus, the potential for improving Al tolerance through recombination of these genotypes is very low and different gene sources should be evaluated.

scholarly journals Aluminum tolerance in castor bean lines1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Lucas Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽  
Suelen Cristina Mendonça Maia ◽  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Adequate Management

ABSTRACT Castor bean plants are susceptible to aluminum (Al) in the soil, requiring adequate management techniques for their cultivation in acid soils containing high Al levels, as it occurs in tropical regions. This study aimed to assess the Al tolerance of castor bean lines. A randomized block design, in a 2 x 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of presence and absence of Al, as well as nine castor bean lines (CRZ H06, CRZ H11, CRZ H12, CRZ H15, CRZ H17, CRZ H18, CRZ H19, CRZ H22 and FCA). Based on a distribution into quartiles, the lines were divided into two groups. The Al-tolerant group contained the CRZ H06, H11 and H17 lines, while the group susceptible to Al was composed of CRZ H12, H15, H18, H19, H22 and FCA. The FCA and CRZ H17 lines showed the highest growth, when cultivated without Al.

The zinc finger transcription factor ATF1 regulates aluminum tolerance in barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6512-6523
Author(s):  
Liyuan Wu ◽  
Yiyi Guo ◽  
Shengguan Cai ◽  
Liuhui Kuang ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Differently Expressed Genes

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic stress that restricts crop production in acid soils. Plants have evolved internal and external mechanisms of tolerance, and among them it is well known that AtSTOP1 and OsART1 are key transcription factors involved in tolerance through regulation of multiple downstream genes. Here, we identified the closest homolog of these two proteins in barley, namely HvATF1, Al-tolerance Transcription Factor 1, and determined its potential function in Al stress. HvATF1 is expressed in the nucleus, and functions in transcriptional activation. The transcription of HvATF1 was found to be constitutive in different tissues, and was little affected by Al stress. Knockdown of HvATF1 by RNAi resulted in increased Al sensitivity. Transcriptomics analysis identified 64 differently expressed genes in the RNAi lines compared to the wild-type, and these were considered as candidate downstream genes regulated by HvATF1. This study provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in barley and other plants.

Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in Triticum aestivum (wheat). IV. The role of ammonium and nitrate nutrition

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Taylor ◽  
Charles D. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Five cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) were grown for 21 days in solution cultures with aluminum (+Al) (74 μM) and without Al (−Al) at an initial pH of 4.5. Patterns of nitrogen depletion and pH change were biphasic. Ammonium [Formula: see text] was rapidly depleted and solution pH declined during phase I. Depletion of nitrate [Formula: see text] was most rapid and solution pH increased after [Formula: see text] was exhausted from solutions (phase II). Cultivar tolerance to Al was negatively correlated with the rate of pH decline induced by cultivars, and the rate of pH decline was positively correlated with the rate at which cultivars depleted [Formula: see text] from +Al and −Al nutrient solutions. Cultivar tolerance to Al was also negatively correlated with the rate of [Formula: see text] depletion from +Al and −Al solutions. Cultivar tolerance to Al was positively correlated with the rate of [Formula: see text] depletion during phase II but only when plants were grown with Al. These results support the hypothesis that differential Al tolerance among cultivars of T. aestivum is caused by differences in the rate of [Formula: see text], and possibly [Formula: see text], uptake. Such diffferences in N preference may have caused differences in pH and Al solubility in the nutrient solutions.

scholarly journals [ARTICLE PARTIAL RETRACTION] Organic acid carriers in tolerance to toxic aluminum in wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerarda Beatriz Pinto da Silva ◽  
Camila Martini Zanella ◽  
Carla Andréa Delatorre ◽  
Márcia Soares Chaves ◽  
José Antônio Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Root System ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Almt1 Gene

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants is seen in about 15% of the soils worldwide, restraining yields in arable land. In Brazil, acidic soils limit production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other cereals. Al is toxic for most winter cereals when its concentration increases and soil pH is below 5. One of the main concerns with acidic soil is the increase in the mobility of Al3+ions. Al binds to cell walls in roots, preventing meristematic elongation in sensitive species, causing damage to the root system and results in lower yields. Al3+ forms highly stable complexes with phosphorus (P), limiting its availability to plants, as well as reducing cell division and elongation. To deal with Al toxicity, plants have developed strategies such as organic acid (OA) exudation by roots; this mechanism of detoxification has been well-characterized. OAs, in turn, chelate ions Al3, forming non-toxic compounds that do not penetrate the root system. Some genes responsible for Al tolerance in wheat have been identified, particularly TaALMT1 and TaMATE1B that transport malate and citrate OAs, respectively. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which Al damages roots those by which plants are protected, primarily through two genes. We also described the interaction of the ALMT1 gene with P and iron (Fe).

Recent molecular breeding advances for improving aluminium tolerance in maize and sorghum.

2021 ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Claudia Teixeira Guimaraes ◽  
Jurandir Vieira de Magalhaes
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
The World ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Wide Adaptation

Abstract Citrate transporters belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family of membrane transporters in sorghum and maize, SbMATE and ZmMATE1, respectively, play a major role in aluminium (Al) tolerance. However, these MATE members show regulatory differences, as well as peculiarities in their genetic effect and mode of action. These aspects, which are discussed in this chapter, have to be considered to design successful breeding programmes in order to achieve maximum Al tolerance and, consequently, to improve grain and biomass production in regions of the world with Al toxicity. As shown in this chapter, target genes with major effects and molecular tools are available for marker-assisted breeding for improving Al tolerance both in sorghum and maize. However, wide adaptation to acid soils should be sought by pyramiding genes controlling different traits such as drought tolerance, P acquisition, resistance to diseases and other stresses commonly found in each agroecological environment.

scholarly journals Timing, location and crop species influence the magnitude of amelioration of aluminum toxicity by magnesium

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Tarcísio Fernando Cortes Corrêa ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
T. Jot Smyth ◽  
Thomas Rufty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Root System ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Split Root System

The protective effect of cations, especially Ca and Mg, against aluminum (Al) rhizotoxicity has been extensively investigated in the last decades. The mechanisms by which the process occurs are however only beginning to be elucidated. Six experiments were carried out here to characterize the protective effect of Mg application in relation to timing, location and crop specificity: Experiment 1 - Protective effect of Mg compared to Ca; Experiment 2 - Protective effect of Mg on distinct root classes of 15 soybean genotypes; Experiment 3 - Effect of timing of Mg supply on the response of soybean cvs. to Al; Experiment 4 - Investigating whether the Mg protective effect is apoplastic or simplastic using a split-root system; Experiment 5 - Protective effect of Mg supplied in solution or foliar spraying, and Experiment 6 - Protective effect of Mg on Al rhizotoxicity in other crops. It was found that the addition of 50 mmol L-1 Mg to solutions containing toxic Al increased Al tolerance in 15 soybean cultivars. This caused soybean cultivars known as Al-sensitive to behave as if they were tolerant. The protective action of Mg seems to require constant Mg supply in the external medium. Supplying Mg up to 6 h after root exposition to Al was sufficient to maintain normal soybean root growth, but root growth was not recovered by Mg addition 12 h after Al treatments. Mg application to half of the root system not exposed to Al was not sufficient to prevent Al toxicity on the other half exposed to Al without Mg in rooting medium, indicating the existence of an external protection mechanism of Mg. Foliar spraying with Mg also failed to decrease Al toxicity, indicating a possible apoplastic role of Mg. The protective effect of Mg appeared to be soybean-specific since Mg supply did not substantially improve root elongation in sorghum, wheat, corn, cotton, rice, or snap bean when grown in the presence of toxic Al concentrations.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of a Glycine soja C2H2 Zinc Finger Gene Improves Aluminum Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Yuan-Tai Liu ◽  
Qi-Han Shi ◽  
He-Jie Cao ◽  
Qi-Bin Ma ◽  
Hai Nian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
C2h2 Zinc Finger

Aluminum (Al) toxicity limits plant growth and has a major impact on the agricultural productivity in acidic soils. The zinc-finger protein (ZFP) family plays multiple roles in plant development and abiotic stresses. Although previous reports have confirmed the function of these genes, their transcriptional mechanisms in wild soybean (Glycine soja) are unclear. In this study, GsGIS3 was isolated from Al-tolerant wild soybean gene expression profiles to be functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Laser confocal microscopic observations demonstrated that GsGIS3 is a nuclear protein, containing one C2H2 zinc-finger structure. Our results show that the expression of GsGIS3 was of a much higher level in the stem than in the leaf and root and was upregulated under AlCl3, NaCl or GA3 treatment. Compared to the control, overexpression of GsGIS3 in Arabidopsis improved Al tolerance in transgenic lines with more root growth, higher proline and lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation under concentrations of AlCl3. Analysis of hematoxylin staining indicated that GsGIS3 enhanced the resistance of transgenic plants to Al toxicity by reducing Al accumulation in Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, GsGIS3 expression in Arabidopsis enhanced the expression of Al-tolerance-related genes. Taken together, our findings indicate that GsGIS3, as a C2H2 ZFP, may enhance tolerance to Al toxicity through positive regulation of Al-tolerance-related genes.

INHERITANCE OF ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN WHEAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Lafever ◽  
L. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Selection ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Selection For

Aluminum tolerant and aluminum sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) cultivars representing different parental backgrounds were used to study the inheritance of response to aluminium. F1, F2, F3, and backcross generations from crosses of four soft red winter wheat cultivars were grown in nutrient solutions containing 8 ppm aluminum. There appeared to be no genetic differences between the two sensitive parents (Redcoat and Arthur) for aluminum response. The two tolerant parents (Seneca and Thorne) also exhibited no apparent genetic differences for aluminum response but were decidedly superior to the sensitive parents in the presence of aluminum. F1, F2, and backcross data from sensitive/tolerant crosses indicated that sensitivity was conditioned by a single recessive gene. Selection for aluminum sensitive plants in the F2 was effective, based upon their F3 family means. Selection for intermediate or tolerant plants was less effective, indicating that the inheritance was more complex than a single gene. Leaf length and roots/plant were found to be inferior to root length as measures of aluminum tolerance. These nutrient culture results were consistent with the occurrence of sensitive and intermediate lines and the absence of highly tolerant lines from breeding populations selected on limed soils.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms for Coping with Al Toxicity in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Novel Genes

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in acid soils. Molecular mechanisms of coping with Al toxicity have now been investigated in a range of plant species. Two main mechanisms of Al tolerance in plants are Al exclusion from the roots and the ability to tolerate Al in the roots. This review focuses on the recent discovery of novel genes and mechanisms that confer Al tolerance in plants and summarizes our understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular basis for plant Al tolerance. We hope this review will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of Al tolerance in plants.

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