scholarly journals Healthiness of winter wheat and spring barley farmed under different systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
A. Łukanowski ◽  
A. Baturo ◽  
Cz. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Conventional Farm

In 1997–2001 health of roots, stem bases and harvested grain of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated in organic and conventional farms in Poland was investigated. More isolates of B. sorokiniana were obtained from spring barley in the organic farm and Fusarium spp. in the conventional farm. Results of winter wheat health estimation were not clear. In the end of cropping season higher mean disease index for roots was observed in organic farm, and for stem bases the relation was opposite. The main casual agents were Fusarium spp. Their higher occurrence was observed on roots, stem bases and also on grain in the organic farm. Furthermore, organic farm conditions were favourable to Trichoderma spp. development and conventional one to Penicillium spp.

scholarly journals Avaliação das comunidades fúngicas encontradas em amostras de solo: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Fabíola Dresch ◽  
Daiane Flores Dalla Lana ◽  
Mônica Jachetti Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

No solo os microrganismos possuem diversas funções, sendo responsáveis por inúmeras reações bioquímicas, não só relacionados com a transformação da matéria-orgânica, mas também com o intemperismo das rochas, desempenhando papel importantíssimo na gênese do solo. Decompõem a matéria-orgânica, realizam a ciclagem de nutrientes e de energia, interferindo no crescimento de plantas. Produzem compostos complexos que agregam o solo, fazem a decomposição de xenobióticos, atuando na biorremediação de poluentes e de agrotóxicos, na formação de associações micorrízicas, na fixação biológica do nitrogênio, no controle de pragas, e, além disso tudo, causam doenças. O conhecimento dos microrganismos do solo é fundamental para o levantamento taxonômico das populações que estão ali, podendo levar ao descobrimento de processos metabólicos utilizados por estes organismos, tornando-se importantes para as interações ambientais e aplicações biotecnológicas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, por meio de pesquisas já publicadas, a diversidade de fungos presentes em diferentes tipos de solo, avaliando a influência das características do solo sobre as comunidades fúngicas. Os solos analisados variaram de amostras urbanas a solos de áreas nativas, argilosos, arenosos ou orgânicos (compostagem). Quanto aos microrganismos, os gêneros citados com mais frequência nos estudos foram Penicillium spp., seguido de Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma spp., e Verticillium spp. Concluiu-se que grande parte dos microrganismos mencionados nos trabalhos já são ou podem ser utilizados para fins biotecnológicos, sendo fontes de diversas enzimas e produtores de compostos importantes. Aspectos generalistas referentes à umidade, à temperatura, à posição e à composição orgânica do solo mostraram influenciar no desenvolvimento dos fungos, nos quais solos mais úmidos, superficiais e como maior oferta de material orgânico aumentam a presença e o crescimento destes indivíduos.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária de sementes de aveia preta cv. brs 139 (Avena strigosa SCHREB) submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2828-2836
Author(s):  
Marciele Barbieri ◽  
Viviane Schons De Ávila ◽  
Caciara Gonzatto Maciel ◽  
Gisele Noal ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Penicillium Spp

O trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos na sanidade de sementes de aveia preta cv. BRS 139. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Vincit®50SC, Vincit®50SC+Trichodel®, Trichodel® e Testemunha sem tratamento. Em seguinda, foram acondicionadas, em caixas do tipo gerbox, com substrato papel-filtro umedecido em água destilada e esterilizada e permaneceram em câmaras B.O.D. na temperatura de 25ºC, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas, até a avaliação. Os fungos associados às sementes foram identificados com o auxílio de microscópios estereoscópico e óptico, após sete dias de incubação. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições de 50 sementes cada. Os fungos Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp. e Trichoderma spp. foram identificados nas sementes. Os resultados mostraram que o produto químico (Vincit®50SC), isolado ou associado com Trichodel®, foi eficaz para o controle de fungos potencialmente patogênicos para as sementes de aveia preta. Conclui-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes para o controle dos fungos presentes consistem no produto químico Vincit® 50SC utilizado isoladamente e quando associado ao produto biológico Trichodel®.

Status of accumulated heavy metals in soils from organic and conventional farms in Akinyele Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
T.E. Odunjo ◽  
E.Y. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Conventional Farm

The risk associated with the presence of heavy metals in soil is their potential toxicity and ability to enter the ecosystem through the food chain. Total heavy metal content of a soil is inadequate for predicting the toxicity of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the various forms in which the selected heavy metals: Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd) exist in the soil to ascertain the available forms for plant uptake. Soils samples were randomly collected from selected organic and conventional farms in Akinyele local government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, at different depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) using random sampling method. Routine analysis was carried out to determine the textural classes and chemical properties of soil samples. The total heavy metals of the soil samples were determined and their fractions were analysed using sequential extraction method. Cadmium was not detected in most of the soil samples. Residual fraction was predominant in all the analysed heavy metals. In addition, Cr was more associated with the oxidizable fraction having a range of 0.1 mg/kg from Ajibode organic farm (AO) at 30-45 cm depth. Pb and Ni were both more associated with reducible fraction with Pb having a range of 2.7 mg/kg in Ajibode conventional farm (AI) at 0-15 cm depth and 0.1 mg/kg in (AI) at 30-45 cm depth. Reducible values of Ni ranges from 4.3 mg/kg in AI at 0-15 cm to 1.4 mg/kg in AO at 30-45 cm. The apparent mobility and bioavailability for these heavy metals in the studied soils were in the order: Pb>Cr>Ni. The result showed that uptake of heavy metals by the plants would be low as the concentration of the exchangeable form of the heavy metals in the analysed soil sample has the least concentration when compared with the other forms.

scholarly journals Estudo de Fungos Queratinofílicos Geofílicos em Praças Públicas de Jaboticabal-SP

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Adilson César Abreu Bernardi ◽  
Juliana Leal Monteiro Da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Gomes Souto ◽  
Camila Chioda de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia ◽  
Aureobasidium Spp

Considerando o uso das praças públicas como recurso de lazer pela população, as quais mantêm um contato intenso e direto com o solo, que é uma fonte potencial de contaminação por diferentes agentes causadores de micose, visou-se identificar gêneros de fungos queratinofílicos geofílicos no solo de praças de Jaboticabal - SP. Foram selecionadas e coletadas 60 amostras de solo de 15 praças públicas, sendo 4 amostras de cada praça. Para isolar os fungos do solo, foi utilizado o método de Vanbreuseghem (1952), modificado por Machado (1977). Posteriormente os fungos foram cultivados em placas de Petri contendo Agar Sabouraud acrescido de Cloranfenicol, sendo estas incubadas em temperatura ambiente por aproximadamente dez dias. As colônias crescidas foram isoladas em tubos de ensaio para obtenção de cultura pura. Foram feitas análises macroscópicas e microscópicas das colônias isoladas, identificadas em nível de gênero com o auxílio de um guia de identificação. Das 60 amostras de solo coletadas, 39 apresentaram positividade para fungos queratinofílicos, das quais foram isoladas 90 colônias fúngicas, sendo identificados os gêneros Penicillium spp., Fonsecaea spp., Rhizopus spp., Microsporum spp., Fusarium spp., Phialophora spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Nigrospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp., Aureobasidium spp., Curvularia spp., Mucor spp., além de Mycelia sterilia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que estes solos representam uma microbiota diversificada com capacidade de degradar substratos de queratina,permitindo uma avaliação do potencial epidemiológico representado pelos solos nas praças do Município de Jaboticabal-SP.

Pathogenicity of fungi associated with seedling disease of cotton

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ogle ◽  
AM Stirling ◽  
PJ Dart
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
New South ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Soil P ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Fungi associated with cotton seedling disease were isolated directly from a vertisol at Narrabri, New South Wales, in which cotton had failed to establish, and from cotton seedlings grown in the same soil and seedlings grown in 7 Queensland cotton-growing soils (also Vertisols). Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium vexans, I unidentified pythiaceous fungi, and a number of miscellaneous unidentified fungi were isolated from soil or soilborne plant debris. Pythium ultimum, R. solani, Fusarium spp., and unidentified pythiaceous fungi were isolated from lesions on seedling hypocotyls. The pathogenicity of the fungi was investigated using cotton seedlings grown in steamed potting mix; 93% of seedlings survived in the absence of fungal inoculum. Of the fungi isolated from the Narrabri soil, P. ultimum and R. solani were most pathogenic, reducing seedling survival at 14 days after inoculation to 33%. Isolates of P. vexans and Fusarium spp. reduced seedling survival to 64% and 73-87%, respectively. Isolates of R. solani or P. ultirnum from the Queensland soils completely prevented seedling emergence in most cases, while isolates of Fusarium spp. were not pathogenic. Isolates of both R. solani and P. ultimum varied significantly in pathogenicity.

scholarly journals The presence of toxigenic Fusarium species and Fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
J. Levic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Insignificant Correlation ◽  
Isolated Species

The frequency of fungi and mycotoxin concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) were studied in winter wheat grains harvested in 2009. The most frequently isolated species belonged to genera Alternaria (81.55%) and Fusarium (12%), followed by Rhizopus spp. (3.75%), Acremoniella spp. (1.15%) and other fungi (Acremonium spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Penicillium spp. and Ramichloridium spp.) isolated in less than 1%. The following species of the genus Fusarium were identified: F. graminearum (82.50%), F. sporotrichioides (5.42%), F. proliferatum (4.17%), F. subglutinans (4.17%), F. poae (1.66%), F. semitectum (1.25%), and F. verticillioides (0.83%). In 100% of wheat grain samples DON was detected (110-1200 ?g kg-1, average 490 ?g kg-1), while ZON was detected in 10% of samples and in the lower average of 70 ?g kg-1 with the limit values ranging from 60 to 80 ?g kg-1. Statistically significant positive correlations were established between the concentration of ZON with the frequency of F. graminearum (r = 0.63) or with the frequency of Fusarium spp. (r = 0.58). A negative insignificant correlation was determined between the DON level and the percentage of present Fusarium species.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Mycoflora of Winter Wheat Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Sergey Pospelov ◽  
Anna Pospelova ◽  
Ninel Kovalenko ◽  
Elena Sherstiuk ◽  
Viacheslav Zdor
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lower Infection Rate ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Presented are the experimental data on the effect of biofungicides on seed infection and mycoflora of winter wheat seeds of varieties ‘Levada’ and ‘Podolyanka’. The phytostudy which was conducted allowed to determine the presence of micromycetes such as Alternaria alternata (infection rate 6.8–19.5 %), Tilletia caries (1–2 %), Fusarium spp. (0.5–3.5 %), Cladosporium herbarum (1.5–3.5 %), Bipolaris sorokiniana (1.0–4.8 %), Mucor spp. (1.5–12 %), Penicillium spp. (0.5–1.5 %), and Aspergillus spp. (1–1.5 %) on the seeds. The trend to decrease laboratory germination and lower infection rate was observed after the seeds were treated with biofungicides Gaubsin, Planriz, and Trichodermin. The positive effect of the biofungicides on the morphometric parameters of two-weeks-old plants was observed: 1.6 to 2 times increase in height, 2.1 to 2.8 times increase in the lengths of the roots, and 2.7 to 4.4 and 3.4 to 5.5 times increase in phytomass, respectively. The positive effect of Trichodermin on developing winter wheat plants was noted.

scholarly journals Soil Chemical Characteristics of Organic and Conventional Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Aziz ◽  
Fahrizal Hazra ◽  
Selly Salma ◽  
Dedi Nursyamsi Nursyamsi
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Available P ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Conventional Farm

Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on intensive land of both lowland and upland food crops have been shown to increase agricultural productivity significantly. Research aimed to study soil chemical characteristics and soil pesticide residues at some crops of organic and conventional farms. The research was carried out in  Laboratory of Soil Chemistry, Indonesian Soil Research Institute and in Laboratory of Agrochemical Residue, Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Bogor from February to July 2015. Soil samples at 0-10 cm depth were taken compositely from broccoli (Brassica oleracea), carrots (Daucus carota), maize (Zea mays), and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) farms in Bogor Regency as well as from rice field in Tasikmalaya Regency at both organic and conventional farms. Soil chemical characteristics were analyzed include: soil organic-C (Walkey and Black), total-N (Kjeldahl), potential-P (HCl 25%), available-P (Olsen), potential-K (HCl 25%), available-K (NH4OAc 1 N pH 7), CEC (NH4OAc 1 N pH 7), and pH (soil : water = 1: 5), while pesticide residues included levels of organochlorine (lindane, aldrin, heptaklor, dieldrin, DDT, endosulfan); organophosphates (diazinon, fenitrotin, metidation, paration, profenofos); and carbamates (carbofuran, MIPC, BPMC) in the soil by using Gas Chromatography method. Results showed that levels of soil organic-C, total-N, potential and available-P, potential and available-K, CEC, pH  at organic farms were higher than those at conventional farms. Some pesticide residues compound (organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates) were detected at conventional farm, while those at organic farm were not detected (trace).Keywords: Conventional farm, organic farm, pesticide residues, soil properties. [How to Cite: Muhammad AA, F Hazra, S Salma and D Nursyamsi. 2016. Soil Chemical Characteristics of Organic and Conventional Agriculture. J Trop Soils 21: 19-25. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.19] 

AISLAMIENTO DE HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL GRANO DE CAFÉ PROVENIENTES DE ZONAS PRODUCTORAS EN NORTE DE SANTANDER - COLOMBIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Angela P. Cajiao
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

El comercio del café es uno de los renglones económicos más importantes a nivel mundial, sin embargo, también es susceptible a contaminaciones desde su cosecha hasta su transformación. Para la realización de este estudio se recolectaron muestras de café cereza procedentes de diferentes municipios productores de Norte de Santander y posteriormente en el laboratorio se aislaron y caracterizaron fenotípicamente los siguientes agentes fúngicos del grano de café: Aspergillus  spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Cladosporium  spp., Mucor spp. y  Rhizopus spp. con ayuda de claves taxonómicas. Los hongos que presentaron una alta incidencia fueron Aspergillus spp. y Fusarium spp. Entre las tres variables fisicoquímicas analizadas en el café cereza (pH, actividad de agua, % de humedad) se puede afirmar con certeza que la actividad de agua y el porcentaje de humedad influyen directamente en el número y tipo de aislamientos fúngicos obtenidos. 

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