scholarly journals Socioeconomics and temperature anomalies: drivers of introduced and native plant species composition and richness in the Canary Islands (1940-2010)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón Arévalo ◽  
José Luís Martín ◽  
Elizabeth Ojeda-Land
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Temperature Anomalies

Introduced and native plant species composition of vacant unmanaged green roofs in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1238
Author(s):  
Jason M. Aloisio ◽  
Matthew I. Palmer ◽  
Amy R. Tuininga ◽  
J. D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
York City ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species

Individual plant species responses to phosphorus and livestock grazing

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dorrough ◽  
S. McIntyre ◽  
M. P. Scroggie
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species

Livestock grazing and fertilisation are primary management activities that determine variation in plant species composition within grazed temperate grassy ecosystems of Australia. The present paper provides an extensive catalogue of the responses of individual species to grazing and fertilisation that can be used to guide management and restoration in differing situations. A hierarchical model that links plant species identities, simple plant traits and two continuous predictive variables (livestock density and available phosphorus) was used to estimate probability of occurrence of plant species across grazing and phosphorus gradients. Certain species and groups of species, particularly native perennial geophytes, ferns and shrubs, were especially sensitive to increases in each of these management gradients, whereas a small group of exotic plants were most tolerant. In the moderately intensive livestock production landscapes sampled, most native plant species preferred ungrazed areas with low available phosphorus. Many non-native plant species also tolerated or preferred such habitats. Less than 1% of all observed species are predicted to occur at high levels of available phosphorus (75 mg kg–1) and heavy stocking (9 dry sheep equivalents ha–1). There is, however, a suite of native species that persist at moderate livestock densities, but only if soils are not phosphorus-enriched. These data can be used to guide options for restoration including ranking of potential sites or selection of species for reintroduction. In most cases, livestock grazing intensity is thought to be the primary factor influencing plant species composition in grazed woodlands. These data, however, highlight the great importance of fertilisation history in limiting ground-layer plant diversity and determining options for management.

After the fence: vegetation and topsoil condition in grazed, fenced and benchmark eucalypt woodlands of fragmented agricultural landscapes

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Prober ◽  
Rachel J. Standish ◽  
Georg Wiehl
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Richness

Emerging ecological theory predicts that vegetation changes caused by introduction of livestock grazing may be irreversible after livestock are removed, especially in regions such as Australia that have a short evolutionary exposure to ungulate grazing. Despite this, fencing to exclude livestock grazing is the major tool used to restore vegetation in Australian agricultural landscapes. To characterise site-scale benefits and limitations of livestock exclusion for enhancing biodiversity in forb-rich York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba Benth. subsp. loxophleba)–jam (Acacia acuminata Benth.) woodlands, we compared 29 fenced woodlands with 29 adjacent grazed woodlands and 11 little-grazed ‘benchmark’ woodlands in the Western Australian wheatbelt. We explored the following two hypotheses: (1) fencing to exclude livestock facilitates recovery of grazed woodlands towards benchmark conditions, and (2) without additional interventions after fencing, complete recovery of grazed woodlands to benchmark conditions is constrained by ecological or other limits. Our first hypothesis was supported for vegetation parameters, with fenced woodlands being more similar to benchmark woodlands in tree recruitment, exotic plant cover, native plant cover, native plant richness and plant species composition than were grazed woodlands. Further, exotic cover decreased and frequency of jam increased with time-since-fencing (2–22 years). However, we found no evidence that fencing led to decline in topsoil nutrient concentrations towards concentrations at benchmark sites. Our second hypothesis was also supported, with higher topsoil nutrient concentrations and exotic plant cover, and lower native plant richness in fenced than in benchmark woodlands, and different plant species composition between fenced and benchmark woodlands. Regression analyses suggested that recovery of native species richness is constrained by exotic species that persist after fencing, which in turn are more persistent at higher topsoil nutrient concentrations. We conclude that fencing to exclude livestock grazing can be valuable for biodiversity conservation. However, consistent with ecological theory, additional interventions are likely to be necessary to achieve some conservation goals or to promote recovery at nutrient-enriched sites.

scholarly journals Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana

Abstract Impatiens walleriana is one of the world's most widely grown ornamental plant species. It has repeatedly escaped from cultivation and usually can be found naturalized in secondary forests, coastal thickets, forest gullies, riversides, roadsides and damp shady places. When established it often forms dense and large stands in the understory of secondary forests and plantations that successfully outcompete native plant species and alter ecological succession. Currently, it is listed as invasive in China, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Galapagos, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Hawaii and the Canary Islands. Impatiens walleriana remains a source of great interest among gardeners and breeders, and new hybrids and varieties are developed every year, facilitating the introduction and spread of this species into new areas and thus increasing the likelihood that further invasions will take place.

scholarly journals Non-Native Eragrostis curvula Impacts Diversity of Pastures in South-Eastern Australia Even When Native Themeda triandra Remains Co-Dominant

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Corinne Schlierenzauer ◽  
Anita C. Risch ◽  
Martin Schütz ◽  
Jennifer Firn
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Native Plant Diversity

Lowland grassy woodlands in Australia’s south-east face reductions in native plant diversity because of invasion by non-native plants. We compared the relative abundance and diversity of plant species among sites dominated by the native Kangaroo grass (KG) Themeda triandra with sites co-dominated by the non-native African lovegrass (ALG) Eragrostis curvula and KG. We found significant differences in plant species composition depending on the dominant species. Furthermore, our results revealed differences in several diversity parameters such as a lower species richness and forb diversity on sites co-dominated by ALG and KG. This was the case despite the functional similarity of both ALG and KG—both C4 perennial tussock grasses of a similar height. Therefore, our results highlight the critical function of the native KG in maintaining and enhancing the target plant species composition and diversity within these grassy woodlands. Herbivore grazing potentially impacts on the abundance of the dominant grass and forb species in various ways, but its impact likely differs depending on their evolutionary origin. Therefore, disentangling the role of individual herbivore groups (native-, non-native mammals, and invertebrates) on the plant community composition of the lowland grassy woodlands is essential to find appropriate grazing regimes for ALG management in these ecosystems.

Short-term native grassland compositional responses following liquid hog manure application

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Bork ◽  
L. J. Blonski
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
The Impact

Bork, E. W. and Blonski, L. J. 2012. Short-term native grassland compositional responses following liquid hog manure application. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 55–65. Intensive livestock operations (ILOs) are becoming more common in remote regions of the Canadian prairies in an effort to reduce conflict with other land uses. This has led to ILOs situated where the typical sink for manure application, cultivated land, is not available, leading to growing interest in using native grasslands for manure disposal. Significant opposition exists to this practice, in part due to limited information available on the impact of manure application to native grassland diversity and species composition. We examined plant species composition changes over two growing seasons following varying rates (∼9.5, 19, 38, 75 and 150 kg ha−1 available N), methods (surface broadcast vs. coulter injected) and timing (fall vs. spring) of one-time liquid hog manure (LHM) application. Our results revealed divergent responses between study sites, with metrics of plant diversity declining in mixed prairie but increasing in fescue grassland with increases in manure application rate. Both communities also demonstrated minor changes in plant species composition, primarily in response to LHM rate and manure application method. Responsive plant species included a mix of native grasses and dicots, some of which may be regarded as undesirable (e.g., Artemisia frigida): however, most vegetation responses were temporary and disappeared by the second year. Although invasion of non-native plant species was not observed, suggesting these communities are tolerant of LHM application, changes in the reproductive effort of dominant grasses (negative in Hesperostipa curtiseta; positive in Pascopyrum smithii and Festuca hallii) suggest LHM application could alter long-term grassland composition. Thus, despite exhibiting resilience to one-time LHM application, future use of native grasslands for manure disposal should be done cautiously.

Plant species composition and richness in abandoned agricultural terraces vs. natural soils on Lanzarote (Canary Islands)

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón Arévalo ◽  
Marisa Tejedor ◽  
Concepción Jiménez ◽  
Jorge Alfredo Reyes-Betancort ◽  
Francisco Javier Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Terraces ◽  
Natural Soils

Distribution of alien vs. native plant species in roadside communities along an altitudinal gradient in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón Arévalo ◽  
Juan Domingo Delgado ◽  
Rüdiger Otto ◽  
Agustín Naranjo ◽  
Marcos Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Native Plant Species
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