scholarly journals Efecto del deshierbe sobre la transmisión de la escaldadura de la cebada, por el hongo Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis y en la germinación de semillas

2017 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Magda Carvajal-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Riojas-Guadiana ◽  
Ignacio Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Barley Leaf

The effect of weeding on the transmission of barley leaf blotch, as well as on the germination of seeds was studied. Ten gene tic lines and three cultivars of barley were used divided in 2 plots, each having 40 blocks of 2 x 1.5 m to provide the source of seed, as well as the data about splash transmission of scald. One plot contained weeds and the other did not. The seeds from all the 80 blocks were collected and sown in the glasshouse for germination tests and for the study of seed transmission of the fungus. The foliar area affected by leaf blotch and transmitted by splash water, in general 'was less in the weedy plot in the field, because the inoculum had more obstacles to overcome, jumping from one sick barley plant to a healthy one; thus there was less germination of the seeds from this plot. The clean plot had twice the number of leaf blotch infected plants, and a better rate of seed germination in the glasshouse.

Rhynchosporium secalis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Leaf Blotch

Abstract A description is provided for Rhynchosporium secalis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hordeum sativum, Secale cereale, Gramineae, Agropyron, Bromus, Hordeum and Lolium. DISEASE: Leaf blotch or scald of barley (Hordeum sativum), rye (Secale cereale) and various other Gramineae, especially species of Agropyron, Bromus, Hordeum and Lolium. Mainly leaves and sheaths are attacked; also glumes and awns of barley. Lesions on leaves are lenticular, usually 1-2 cm long, often confluent. The first sign of infection is watersoaking, then the area becomes bluish-grey, and later the central part becomes pale greyish-brown, with a distinct dark brown or violet brown border, except on rye where no dark border is formed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread but mostly in temperate regions (CMI Map 383, ed. 3, 1970). TRANSMISSION: Overwintering is largely on infected barley stubble remains and volunteer plants; spores are disseminated in water droplets (17, 22; 39, 300; 46, 1988; 49, 116; 51, 283, 2401). Seed transmission occurs to a small extent (38, 385; 39, 300; 43, 1225k; 51, 282; Kay & Owen, 1973a).

Benzimidazole resistance in Rhynchosporium secalis and its effect on barley leaf blotch control in the UK

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Taggart ◽  
T. Locke ◽  
A.N. Phillips ◽  
N. Pask ◽  
D.W. Hollomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Benzimidazole Resistance ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Distribución de Rhynchosporium secalis en el mundo y en México

2017 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Magda Carvajal-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Barley Leaf

The present work is a review of the distribution of Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis, causal fungus of barley leaf blotch, because this disease is of great importance to the mentioned crop. This fungus is of worldwide distribution and it is present in 34 countries at least. In Mexico, it is found in the central part of the country, in the states of Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Mexico, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Veracruz, Aguascalientes and Querétaro. It also attacks the bar ley of the northern part of Mexico, causing damage in Ensenada and North Baja California.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zivkovic ◽  
M. Devic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

Effect of Imazapic and 2,4-DB on Peanut Yield, Grade, and Seed Germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Faircloth ◽  
E. P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Recurrent problems with peanut seed germination and stand establishment have raised concerns about the potential effects of herbicides on peanut seed quality. Field trials were conducted in south Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of imazapic and 2,4-DB on peanut yield, grade, incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and seed germination. Imazapic at 71 g ai ha−1, applied at 30 and 40 days after planting (DAP), and 2,4-DB at 270 g ai ha−1, applied at 75 or 90 DAP, had no effect on peanut yield, grade, incidence of TSWV, and seed germination when averaged over two locations (Dawson and Tifton) and three cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia-01R, and C-99R). Normal cultivar yield variations were observed; however, Georgia-01R had reduced standard (25 C) and cold (15 C) germination when compared to the other cultivars.

Oximes as Seed Safeners for Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsern-Shi Chang ◽  
Morris G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Growth Chambers

Studies in growth chambers indicated that CGA-43089 {α-[(cyanomethoxy)imino] benzeneacetonitrile} applied at a rate of 1.25 g/kg of seed reduced the phytotoxicity of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], bensulide [o,o-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide], EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), UBI-S734 {2-[(1,2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethylsulfonyl] pyridineN-oxide} and MBR-18337 {N-[4-(ethylthio)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] during seed germination and seedling emergence. The protected sorghum tolerated metolachlor over a wider range of rates than it tolerated the other herbicides. CGA-43089 did not protect sorghum from the phytotoxicity of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Of seven other oximes tested as seed treatments, dimethylglyoxime, benzophenone oxime, pyridine-2-aldoxime, benzoin-α-oxime, and methyl thioacetohydroxamate showed promise for increasing the tolerance of grain sorghum to metolachlor. In general, higher rates of these oximes than the rate of CGA-43089 were required for equivalent protection of sorghum.

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