scholarly journals Fine-scale Altimetry and the Future SWOT Mission

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Morrow ◽  
Dennis Blurmstein ◽  
Gerald Dibarboure
Keyword(s):  
Fine Scale ◽  
The Future

Paleobiogeography, high-resolution stratigraphy, and the future of Paleozoic biostratigraphy: Fine-scale diachroneity of the Wenlock (Silurian) conodont Kockelella walliseri

2010 ◽  
Vol 294 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley D. Cramer ◽  
Mark A. Kleffner ◽  
Carlton E. Brett ◽  
Patrick I. McLaughlin ◽  
Lennart Jeppsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Too expensive to meter: the influence of transaction costs in transportation and communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1872) ◽  
pp. 2033-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Levinson ◽  
Andrew Odlyzko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Public Opposition

Technology appears to be making fine-scale charging (as in tolls on roads that depend on time of day or even on current and anticipated levels of congestion) increasingly feasible. Such charging also appears to be increasingly desirable, as traffic on roads continues to grow and costs and public opposition limit new construction. Similar incentives towards fine-scale charging also appear to be operating in communications and other areas, such as electricity usage. Standard economic theory supports such measures and technology is being developed and deployed to implement them. But their spread is not very rapid and their prospects for the future are uncertain. This paper presents a collection of sketches, ranging from ancient history to very recent developments, that illustrate the costs that charging imposes. Some of those costs are explicit (in terms of the monetary costs to users and the costs of implementing the charging mechanisms). Others are implicit, such as the time or the mental processing costs of users. These argue that the case for fine-scale charging is not unambiguous and that in many cases such charging may lead to undesirable outcomes.

scholarly journals Improvement for the multi-scale periodic characteristics revealing of precipitation signals and its impact assessment on soil hydrological process by combining HHT and CWT approaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 4031-4068
Author(s):  
S. P. Yu ◽  
J. S. Yang ◽  
G. M. Liu ◽  
R. J. Yao ◽  
X. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Coastal Reclamation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mixing Problem ◽  
Mode Mixing

Abstract. This study conducts a detailed analysis of the multi-scale periodic features involved in the annual and seasonal precipitation signals at the Chinese coastal reclamation region by selecting the suitable Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and innovatively combining the improved Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT), and further deduces the precipitation trend and its impact on the future soil hydrological process. The Morlet wavelet transform is proved suitable in revealing the precipitation signals broad-scale periodicities, however, the critical mode mixing problem in the CWT causes the poor significances of the fine-scale periodicities, which can not well match the climate background. By combining the HHT approach, the fine-scale mode mixing drawback in the CWT is effectively eliminated, and the multi-scale periodicities of the studied precipitation signals are accurately revealed, based on which an overall decreasing trend of the annual and seasonal precipitation in the future years is demonstrated. Furthermore, by novelly using the Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) and Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) approaches the prominent correlations between the precipitation dynamics and soil and groundwater salinities dynamics, that the precipitation increase can effectively leach the surface soil salt downwards into the deeper soil layers and groundwater with 5–7 days lag, in the new cultivated tidal land are demonstrated. The revealed future decreasing trend of precipitation especially in spring and summer may aggravate the soil salinization at the coastal reclamation region, thus we suggest reasonable salt leaching and evaporation suppression measures to prevent the possible soil secondary salinization process.

scholarly journals Recent progress in the study of fine-scale physical-biological coupling in the Mediterranean Sea.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxane Tzortzis ◽  
Andrea M. Doglioli ◽  
Stéphanie Barrillon ◽  
Anne A. Petrenko ◽  
Francesco d'Ovidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Biological Coupling ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>The fine scales are defined here as oceanic dynamical features (eddies, fronts and filaments) generally induced by mesoscale interactions and frontogenesis, and often associated with intense vertical exchanges. These processes are characterized by horizontal scales of 1–10 km with a relatively short lifetime of days/weeks to months. This temporal scale is similar to that of many biological processes, such as, phytoplankton growth, suggesting a physical and biological coupling. Numerical simulations and satellite observations have allowed the characterization of this regime highlighting the role played by these fine scales on structuring the phytoplankton community. To better understand this coupling mechanism, physical and biological in situ measurements are necessary. However, the observations of fine scales remains challenging due to the difficulties of sampling at high spatio-temporal frequency (~km ~daily).</p><p><br>Over the past few years, the Mediterranean Sea has become a lab for developing fine scale in situ strategies. Indeed, a series of campaigns using a satellite based adaptative and Lagrangian strategy coupled with a high-resolution physical-biological sampling, have been performed in order to follow and describe fine scale structures. Following this strategy, the PROTEVSMED-SWOT 2018 cruise has been leaded in the South of the Balearic Islands, with a particular attention to correlate the Lagrangian sampling with the temporal phytoplankton growth, in order to reconstruct the phytoplankton diurnal cycle. Multidisciplinary in situ sensors have allowed to identify a frontal area with a dynamic vertical circulation. Furthermore, the presence of two Atlantic waters, at different stages of mixing associated with various abundances of several phytoplankton groups, corroborated that fine scales must be dynamical barriers to transport, as previous modeling studies have proposed. In order to better understand fine scale mechanisms, the Protevs Gibraltar cruise was performed in the Strait of Gibraltar in October 2020. This region of study is characterized by an important exchange of Mediterranean and Atlantic waters, and also by an intense circulation that generates energetic processes, which make it a favorable place for the formation of fine scale structures.</p><p><br>The new knowledge acquired with these studies paves the way to the future BIOSWOT-Med campaign planned for 2022 in the western Mediterranean Sea under the future SWOT satellite crossover tracks.</p>

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Status of the Lick Proper Motion Program

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
A. R. Klemola
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
The Future

Second-epoch photographs have now been obtained for nearly 850 of the 1246 fields of the proper motion program with centers at declination -20° and northwards. For the sky at 0° and northward only 130 fields remain to be taken in the next year or two. The 270 southern fields with centers at -5° to -20° remain for the future.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

High Resolution Stereography of Complementary Freeze-Fracture Replicas Reveals the Presence of Depressions Opposite Membrane Associated Particles of Split Membranes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Solution

Complementary replicas have revealed the fact that the two common faces observed in electron micrographs of freeze-fracture and freeze-etch specimens are complementary to each other and are thus the new faces of a split membrane rather than the original inner and outer surfaces (1, 2 and personal observations). The big question raised by published electron micrographs is why do we not see depressions in the complementary face opposite membrane-associated particles? Reports have appeared indicating that some depressions do appear but complementarity on such a fine scale has yet to be shown.Dog cardiac muscle was perfused with glutaraldehyde, washed in distilled water, then transferred to 30% glycerol (material furnished by Dr. Joaquim Sommer, Duke Univ., and VA Hospital, Durham, N.C.). Small strips were freeze-fractured in a Denton Vacuum DFE-2 Freeze-Etch Unit with complementary replica tooling. Replicas were cleaned in chromic acid cleaning solution, then washed in 4 changes of distilled water and mounted on opposite sides of the center wire of a Formvar-coated grid.

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