Defining the role of the nuclear lamina LEM Domain protein Otefin in germline stem cells

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacy Jo Barton
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Domain Protein

scholarly journals Role of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Regulating the Behavior of Germline Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqin Li ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yanghui Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Junying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Hh Signaling

Germline stem cells (GSCs) are adult stem cells that are responsible for the production of gametes and include spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs). GSCs are located in a specialized microenvironment in the gonads called the niche. Many recent studies have demonstrated that multiple signals in the niche jointly regulate the proliferation and differentiation of GSCs, which is of significance for reproductive function. Previous studies have demonstrated that the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway participates in the proliferation and differentiation of various stem cells, including GSCs in Drosophila and male mammals. Furthermore, the discovery of mammalian OGSCs challenged the traditional opinion that the number of primary follicles is fixed in postnatal mammals, which is of significance for the reproductive ability of female mammals and the treatment of diseases related to germ cells. Meanwhile, it still remains to be determined whether the Hh signaling pathway participates in the regulation of the behavior of OGSCs. Herein, we review the current research on the role of the Hh signaling pathway in mediating the behavior of GSCs. In addition, some suggestions for future research are proposed.

The role of Piwi nuclear localization in the differentiation and proliferation of germline stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. Yakushev ◽  
E. A. Mikhaleva ◽  
Y. A. Abramov ◽  
O. A. Sokolova ◽  
I. M. Zyrianova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

scholarly journals Aubergine and piRNAs repress the proto-oncogene Cbl for germline stem cell self-renewal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rojas-Ríos ◽  
Aymeric Chartier ◽  
Martine Simonelig
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineages

AbstractPIWI proteins have essential roles in germ cells and stem cell lineages. In Drosophila, Piwi is required in somatic niche cells and germline stem cells (GSCs) for GSC self-renewal and differentiation. Whether and how other PIWI proteins are involved in GSC biology remains unknown. Here, we show that Aubergine (Aub), another PIWI protein, is intrinsically required in GSCs for their self-renewal and differentiation. Aub loading with piRNAs is essential for these functions. The major role of Aub is in self-renewal and depends on mRNA regulation. We identify the Cbl proto-oncogene, a regulator of mammalian hematopoietic stem cells, as a novel GSC differentiation factor. Aub represses Cbl mRNA translation for GSC self-renewal, and does so through recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex. This study reveals the role of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in translational repression for stem cell homeostasis and highlights piRNAs as major post-transcriptional regulators in key developmental decisions.

scholarly journals Characterization of female germline stem cells from adult mouse ovaries and the role of rapamycin on them

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Xi Yao ◽  
Furong Tang ◽  
Yudong Wei ◽  
Jinlian Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Female Germline

scholarly journals Role of hemocytes in the regeneration of germline stem cells in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Beatrix Varga ◽  
Fanni Szikszai ◽  
Janka Szinyákovics ◽  
Anna Manzéger ◽  
Gina Puska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cellular Regeneration ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Dedifferentiation Process

AbstractCellular regeneration, which relies on extensive restructuring of cytoplasmic materials, is an essential process to restore tissues and organs lost during aging, degenerative diseases and injury. At early stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis, when cellular constituents are intensely remodeled, there are two different populations of stem cells, the somatic stem cells and the germline stem cells (GSCs). GSCs divide by asymmetric division to give rise two distinct daughter cells. One of them will leave the stem cells’ niche and differentiate into spermatogonial cells (SCs). Both aging and cellular stress can lead to the loss of GSCs. Lost GSCs can be restored by dedifferentiation of SCs into functional GSCs. In other tissues, macrophages provide specific conditions for cellular transformation. Here we examined the potential role of immune surveillance cells called hemocytes during dedifferentiation of SGs into GSCs. We found an elevated number of hemocytes during this dedifferentiation process. Immune depletion of hemocytes decreased the regeneration capacity of germline. We also show that autophagy, which plays a pivotal role in cellular differentiation by eliminating unwanted, superfluous parts of the cytoplasm, becomes upregulated in dedifferentiating SCs upon JAK-STAT signaling emitted by hemocytes. Furthermore, these immune cells regulate expression of Omi/HtrA2, a key regulator of apoptosis in early spermatogenesis. Together, we suggest that hemocytes have important functions in the dedifferentiation process of GSCs.

scholarly journals Seeking the origin of female germline stem cells in the mammalian ovary

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. R125-R130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo De Felici ◽  
Florencia Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
New Class ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Shed Light

The function of female germline stem cells (FGSCs, also called oogonial stem cells) in the adult mammalian ovary is currently debated in the scientific community. As the evidence to support or discard the possible crucial role of this new class of germ cells in mammals has been extensively discussed, in this review, we wonder which could be their origin. We will assume that FGSCs are present in the post-natal ovaries and speculate as to what origin and characteristics such cells could have. We believe that the definition of these features might shed light on future experimental approaches that could clarify the ongoing debate.

Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Carty ◽  
Elaine M. Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.

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