scholarly journals Determinants of Indian Automobile Industry Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 65-91
Author(s):  
Sanchita Ghosh CHOWDHURY ◽  
◽  
Suhita CHATTERJEE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The paper attempts to identify the most influencing factors determining automobile industry growth in India. The paper takes into account a 19-year time period from 1998 to 2016 for 12 firms belonging to the automobile industry in India. The SCP model is used as a framework for examining the performance of the automobile industry. Unlike, the previous studies that are mostly time-series or cross-sectional analysis, the present study employs panel data analysis to measure the impact of selected determinants on automobile industry growth. The paper finds that labour and capital productivity, promotional measures, import intensity, fixed asset turnover, net profit margin and age of the firm as significant determinants of automobile industry growth in India. Further, the findings help to justify the impact of industrial policies on the growth of the industry during this time.

scholarly journals Analysing the Impact of Financial Ratios on a Company’s Financial Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1898-1903
Author(s):  
Harendra Nishantha Kariyawasam
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between several chosen financial ratios and the financial performance of companies. Chosen financial indicators were Current Ratio, EPS, Firm size, Leverage Ratio and BV/MV Ratio. Financial performance of the companies was assessed through growth of the net profit margin. Ten companies which were registered in Colombo Stock Exchange which were categorized as diversified holdings were chosen as the sample. Financial data from 2013-2018 were considered for this study. A panel data analysis was used to determine the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variables with given consideration to time series analysis and cross sectional analysis. According to the results of the study only current ratio, leverage and the firm size had significant relationships with the financial performance of the company. Current ratio and firm size positively impacted the company’s profitability, where as leverage impacted negatively. This study aims to enable informed decision making of the financial actors of an organization to enhance the profitability of the given organization.

An Examination of Audit Report Lag for Banks: A Panel Data Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charlene Henderson ◽  
Steven E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Audit Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This study investigates the determinants of audit report lag (ARL) for a sample of banks. Researchers have been interested in the determinants of ARL, in part, because it impacts the timeliness of public disclosures. However, prior ARL research has relied exclusively on regression analysis of cross-sectional samples of companies from many industries. In addition to focusing exclusively on banks, panel data analysis is introduced and compared with cross-sectional analysis to demonstrate its power in dynamic settings and its potential to improve estimation. Results reveal important differences between cross-sectional analysis and panel data analysis. First, bank size is negatively related to ARL in cross-section but positively related to ARL using panel data analysis. The cross-sectional size estimate is subject to omitted variables bias, and furthermore, cross-sectional analysis fails to capture variation in size over time in relation to ARL. Panel data analysis both accounts for omitted variables and captures the dynamics of the relationship between size and ARL. As well, the panel data model's explanatory power far exceeds that of the cross-sectional model. This is primarily due to the panel model's use of firm-specific intercepts that both capture the role of reporting tradition and eliminate heterogeneity bias. Thus, panel data analysis proves to be a powerful tool in the analysis of ARL.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socio-economic and sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Wei ◽  
Lijing Li ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Pumping elephantThe COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the lives of people around the world in millions of ways . Due to this severe epidemic, all countries in the world have been affected by all aspects, mainly economic. It is widely discussed that the COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world economy. When considering this dimension, this study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy, socio-economics, and sustainability. In addition, the research focuses on multiple aspects of social well-being during the pandemic, such as employment, poverty, the status of women, food security, and global trade. To this end, the study used time series and cross-sectional analysis of the data. The second-hand data used in this study comes from the websites of major international organizations. From the analysis of secondary data, the conclusion of this article is that the impact of the pandemic is huge. The main finding of the thesis is that the social economy is affected by the pandemic, causing huge losses in terms of economic well-being and social capital.

Leader positive humor and organizational cynicism: LMX as a mediator

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Gkorezis ◽  
Eugenia Petridou ◽  
Panteleimon Xanthiakos
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Leader-member exchange (LMX) has been proposed as a core mechanism which accounts for the impact of various antecedents on employee outcomes. As such, the purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of LMX regarding the relationship between leader positive humor and employees’ perceptions of organizational cynicism. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 114 public employees. In order to examine the authors’ hypotheses hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. Findings – As hypothesized, results demonstrated that LMX mediates the relationship between leader positive humor and organizational cynicism. Research limitations/implications – Data were drawn from public employees and, therefore, this may constrain the generalizability of the results. Also, the cross-sectional analysis of the data cannot directly assess causality. Originality/value – This is the first empirical study to examine the mediating effect of LMX in the relationship between leader humor and employees’ perceptions of organizational cynicism.

scholarly journals Cross sectional analysis of depression and stress in medical students

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Jones ◽  
Deborah Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Medical student wellbeing is a topic of growing concern. Medical students experience high levels of stress and burnout and are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation compared to the general population. Even more concerning, medical students are disproportionately less likely to seek help for their mental health issues. Identifying and preventing these problems early can have lasting positive consequences over the course of a physician’s lifetime. We implemented a wellness program at our medical school in the spring of 2016 with the goals of decreasing burnout and depression, heightening awareness of mental health issues, and encouraging help-seeking behaviors. To analyze the impact of our program, we have implemented a quality assurance survey. Here we report lifestyle factors associated with positive screens for depression from that data and propose institutional initiatives that can be spearheaded by medical students for medical students to impact positive change.

scholarly journals Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: Cross-sectional analysis from a diverse US metropolitan area

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhaan S. Vahidy ◽  
Alan P. Pan ◽  
Hilda Ahnstedt ◽  
Yashasvee Munshi ◽  
Huimahn A. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Introduction Sex is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the epidemiology and outcome of many diseases. This also appears to hold for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Evidence from China and Europe has suggested that mortality from COVID-19 infection is higher in men than women, but evidence from US populations is lacking. Utilizing data from a large healthcare provider, we determined if males, as compared to females have a higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, and if among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, male sex is independently associated with COVID-19 severity and poor in-hospital outcomes. Methods and findings Using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from a COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry (CURATOR). Data were extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMR). A total of 96,473 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swab specimens via Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were included. For hospital-based analyses, all patients admitted during the same time-period were included. Of the 96,473 patients tested, 14,992 (15.6%) tested positive, of whom 4,785 (31.9%) were hospitalized and 452 (9.5%) died. Among all patients tested, men were significantly older. The overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity among all tested individuals was 15.5%, and was higher in males as compared to females 17.0% vs. 14.6% [OR 1.20]. This sex difference held after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, marital status, insurance type, median income, BMI, smoking and 17 comorbidities included in Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [aOR 1.39]. A higher proportion of males (vs. females) experienced pulmonary (ARDS, hypoxic respiratory failure) and extra-pulmonary (acute renal injury) complications during their hospital course. After adjustment, length of stay (LOS), need for mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in males as compared to females. Conclusions In this analysis of a large US cohort, males were more likely to test positive for COVID-19. In hospitalized patients, males were more likely to have complications, require ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, and had higher mortality than females, independent of age. Sex disparities in COVID-19 vulnerability are present, and emphasize the importance of examining sex-disaggregated data to improve our understanding of the biological processes involved to potentially tailor treatment and risk stratify patients.

scholarly journals Health Canada’s use of expedited review pathways and therapeutic innovation, 1995–2016: cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Lexchin
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Innovative Drugs ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Health Canada

ObjectivesThis study examines the use of expedited approval pathways by Health Canada over the period 1995 to 2016 inclusive and the relationship between the use of these pathways and the therapeutic gain offered by new products.DesignCross-sectional study.Data sourcesTherapeutic Products Directorate, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Notice of Compliance database, Notice of Compliance with conditions web site, Patented Medicine Prices Review Board, La revue Prescrire, WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system.Primary and secondary outcomesPercent of new drugs evaluated by Health Canada that went through an expedited pathway between 1995 and 2016 inclusive. Kappa values comparing the review status with assessments of therapeutic value for individual drugs.ResultsOf 623 drugs approved by Health Canada between 1995 and 2016, 438 (70.3%) drugs went through the standard pathway and 185 (29.7%) an expedited pathway. Therapeutic evaluations were available for 509 drugs. Health Canada used an expedited approval pathway for 159 of the 509 drugs, whereas only 55 were judged to be therapeutically innovative. Forty-two of the 55 therapeutically innovative drugs received an expedited review and 13 received a standard review. The Kappa value for the entire period for all 509 drugs was 0.276 (95% CI 0.194 to 0.359) indicating ‘fair’ agreement between Health Canada’s use of expedited pathways and independent evaluations of therapeutic innovation.ConclusionHealth Canada’s use of expedited approvals was stable over the entire time period. It was unable to reliably predict which drugs will offer major therapeutic gains. The findings in this study should provoke a discussion about whether Health Canada should continue to use these pathways and if so how their use can be improved.

scholarly journals Evolution of the burden of active hepatitis C virus infection in England from September 2015 to September 2016: a repeated cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029066
Author(s):  
Laure Lacoin ◽  
Michael Hurst ◽  
Nathan R Hill ◽  
Jason Gordon ◽  
Anna Maria Geretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Cure ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of treatment with new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on the prevalent hepatitis C virus (HCV) population in England.DesignA repeated cross-sectional analysis.SettingFour secondary care hospitals in England.ParticipantsPatients who, in 2015 and/or 2016, had chronic HCV infection and were alive were eligible, regardless of the type of HCV intervention received.Outcome measuresData including intravenous drug use (IVDU) status, HCV genotype, cirrhosis status, HCV treatment history, vital status and treatment outcomes were collected at two time points in 2015 and 2016 using electronic case report forms.ResultsThere were 1605 and 1355 patients with active chronic HCV in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Between 2015 and 2016, the proportion of patients with current IVDU increased (10.3% vs 14.5%, respectively), while that of patients with cirrhosis (28.2% vs 22.4%) and treatment-experienced patients (31.2% vs 27.1%) decreased. Among patients whose treatment outcome was known by 2016, high cure rates were observed, with an overall sustained virological response rate of 93.2%. From 2015 to 2016, there was a progressive increase in the proportion of treated patients who were non-cirrhotic, with current IVDU and non-liver transplant recipients.ConclusionsThe characteristics of patients with HCV remaining in contact with specialised care evolved with a changing landscape of treatment and related health policy. With increasing access to DAAs in UK, high cure rates were achieved in the study cohort.

scholarly journals Public awareness of tetralogy of Fallot after Jimmy Kimmel Live! television episode: A cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Greiner ◽  
Abraham Lee ◽  
Jake Checketts ◽  
Micah Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rare Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Live Television ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundPersons with rare disorders, such as tetralogy of Fallot, often feel socially isolated due to poor public awareness of the disorder. On 1 May 2017, Jimmy Kimmel aired a segment on Jimmy Kimmel Live! highlighting the impact of tetralogy of Fallot on his son and how the public can learn more about the disorder.MethodsWe tracked public interest in tetralogy of Fallot using Google Trends and Twitter after the episode and constructed an autoregressive integrated moving average algorithm to calculate search volumes had Kimmel not aired the episode.ResultsGoogle searches and the number of Tweets for tetralogy of Fallot increased by 3063.27% and 4672.62%, respectively, above expected.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that television talk shows may represent strong outlets for increasing public awareness of rare disorders.

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