scholarly journals Susceptibility of different plant species to two populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Elif YAVUZASLANOGLU ◽  
Gamze AKSAY
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Two Populations

DNA polymorphism in the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci: development of diagnostic markers for normal and giant races

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Esquibet ◽  
Eric Grenier ◽  
Olivier Plantard ◽  
Fouad Abbad Andaloussi ◽  
Georges Caubel
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Intraspecific Polymorphism ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Normal Populations ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Two Populations

DNA polymorphism in the Ditylenchus dipsaci complex was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to determine the relationships among populations growing mainly on Vicia faba and to develop diagnostic markers. Twenty-two populations of D. dipsaci originating from different geographical areas and one population of Ditylenchus myceliophagus were used. AFLP proved to be a powerful method to reveal intraspecific polymorphism even within the giant type. The analysis showed a clear distinction between the giant and normal populations, with genetic distances similar to those observed between normal populations and D. myceliophagus or giant populations and D. myceliophagus, strengthening the hypothesis that these two nematode types could be considered distinct species. Two specific AFLP markers differentiating the two types were converted into sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Used in a multiplex PCR, the SCAR primers proved to be a rapid and efficient tool to identify the giant and the normal types of D. dipsaci.Key words: Ditylenchus dipsaci, Vicia faba, giant type, AFLP, SCAR.

scholarly journals Survival and development of potato psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Convolvulaceae: effects of a plant-fungus symbiosis (Periglandula)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kaur ◽  
W.R. Cooper ◽  
J.M. Duringer ◽  
I.E. Badillo-Vargas ◽  
G. Esparza-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
The Family ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractPlant species in the family Solanaceae are the usual hosts of potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae). However, the psyllid has also been shown to develop on some species of Convolvulaceae (bindweeds and morning glories). Developmental success on Convolvulaceae is surprising given the rarity of psyllid species worldwide associated with this plant family. We assayed 14 species of Convolvulaceae across four genera (Convolvulus, Calystegia, Ipomoea, Turbina) to identify species that allow development of potato psyllid. Two populations of psyllids were assayed (Texas, Washington). The Texas population overlaps extensively with native Convolvulaceae, whereas Washington State is noticeably lacking in Convolvulaceae. Results of assays were overlain on a phylogenetic analysis of plant species to examine whether Convolvulaceae distantly related to the typical host (potato) were less likely to allow development than species of Convolvulaceae more closely related. Survival was independent of psyllid population and location of the plant species on our phylogenetic tree. We then examined whether presence of a fungal symbiont of Convolvulaceae (Periglandula spp.) affected psyllid survival. These fungi associate with Convolvulaceae and produce a class of mycotoxins (ergot alkaloids) that may confer protection against plant-feeding arthropods. Periglandula was found in 11 of our 14 species, including in two genera (Convolvulus, Calystegia) not previously known to host the symbiont. Of these 11 species, leaf tissues from five contained large quantities of two classes of ergot alkaloids (clavines, amides of lysergic acid) when evaluated by LC-MS/MS. All five species also harbored Periglandula. No ergot alkaloids were detected in species free of the fungal symbiont. Potato psyllid rapidly died on species found to harbor Periglandula and fungus-produced alkaloids, but survived on species in which the mutualism was absent. These results support the hypothesis that a plant-fungus symbiotic relationship affects the suitability of certain Convolvulaceae to potato psyllid.

scholarly journals Soil and plant phytoliths from the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics at Oldupai Gorge (Tanzania)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Mercader ◽  
Siobhán Clarke ◽  
Mariam Bundala ◽  
Julien Favreau ◽  
Jamie Inwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

This article studies soil and plant phytoliths from the Eastern Serengeti Plains, specifically the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics from Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania, as present-day analogue for the environment that was contemporaneous with the emergence of the genus Homo. We investigate whether phytolith assemblages from recent soil surfaces reflect plant community structure and composition with fidelity. The materials included 35 topsoil samples and 29 plant species (20 genera, 15 families). Phytoliths were extracted from both soil and botanical samples. Quantification aimed at discovering relationships amongst the soil and plant phytoliths relative distributions through Chi–square independence tests, establishing the statistical significance of the relationship between categorical variables within the two populations. Soil assemblages form a spectrum, or cohort of co-ocurring phytolith classes, that will allow identifying environments similar to those in the Acacia-Commiphora ecozone in the fossil record.

scholarly journals Host Plant Affects Symbiont Abundance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Liu ◽  
M. Mostafizur Rahman Shah ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Tong-Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Nutrition

Symbionts contribute nutrients that allow insects to feed on plants. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a polyphagous pest that depends on symbionts to provide key nutrients that are deficient in the diet. Here, we established three whitefly populations on eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes and observed that they harbored the same symbiont taxa in different quantities. The amount of the primary symbiont, Portiera, decreased with increasing concentrations of host-plant essential amino acids (EAAs). Whitefly populations transferred to different plant species exhibited fluctuations in Portiera amounts in the first three or four generations; the amount of Portiera increased when whitefly populations were transferred to plant species with lower EAAs proportions. As for the secondary symbionts, the whitefly population of eggplants exhibited lower quantities of Hamiltonella and higher quantities of Rickettsia than the other two populations. The changes of both symbionts’ abundance in whitefly populations after host-plant-shifting for one generation showed little correlation with the EAAs’ proportions of host plants. These findings suggest that host-plant nitrogen nutrition, mainly in the form of EAAs, influences the abundance of symbionts, especially Portiera, to meet the nutritional demands of whiteflies. The results will inform efforts to control pests through manipulating symbionts in insect–symbiont associations.

scholarly journals Determination of the host status of some plant species with four different garlic populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Atilla ÖCAL ◽  
Gülay BEŞİRLİ ◽  
Emre EVLİCE ◽  
Elif YAVUZASLANOĞLU ◽  
İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci

scholarly journals Notes On Alien Plant Species Amorpha Fruticosa New To Lithuania

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigmantas Gudžinskas ◽  
Egidijus Žalneravičius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Amorpha Fruticosa ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractWoody plant species in recent decades have increasingly often been recorded escaped from cultivation and naturalized. In 2013, a new alien woody species Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) was first found in Lithuania. In several Central European countries, A. fruticosa is recognized as invasive species that pose serious threat to natural habitats and ecosystems. To date, A. fruticosa has been registered in three localities in Lithuania: two populations in Ukmergė district and one population in Prienai district. Considering the present state of revealed A. fruticosa populations, it is concluded that this species in Lithuania is already naturalized and potentially invasive. Estimated total area occupied by A. fruticosa in three known localities is about 0.2 ha. In certain areas this species can become abundant and invade significant areas of meadow, forest-edge and other open habitats. Therefore, its immediate control and subsequent eradication can reduce risk of future invasion. Cultivation of A. fruticosa should be forbidden outside the ornamental plantations.

Comparison of Principal Component Solutions in Two Populations

Methodology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Sočan
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Bootstrap Procedure ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Component Loadings ◽  
Principal Component Model ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. When principal component solutions are compared across two groups, a question arises whether the extracted components have the same interpretation in both populations. The problem can be approached by testing null hypotheses stating that the congruence coefficients between pairs of vectors of component loadings are equal to 1. Chan, Leung, Chan, Ho, and Yung (1999) proposed a bootstrap procedure for testing the hypothesis of perfect congruence between vectors of common factor loadings. We demonstrate that the procedure by Chan et al. is both theoretically and empirically inadequate for the application on principal components. We propose a modification of their procedure, which constructs the resampling space according to the characteristics of the principal component model. The results of a simulation study show satisfactory empirical properties of the modified procedure.

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