Interaction of masonry walls and shear walls in masonry buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Sartaji ◽  
Abdoreza S. Moghadam ◽  
Mohsen Ghafory Ashtiany
Keyword(s):  
Shear Walls ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings

Damage and Vulnerability Assessment of Churches after the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Lagomarsino ◽  
Stefano Podestà
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Molise Earthquake

The 2002 Molise, Italy, earthquake sequence shocked the Italian public because it killed school children, but it also highlighted the fact that seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings has increased because of reinforcement work that has been done in the last 50 years. Replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete or steel elements, inserting reinforced concrete tie-beams in the masonry and new reinforced concrete floors, and using reinforced concrete jacketing on the shear walls are all widely used interventions. However, they lead to increased seismic force (because of greater weight) and to deformations incompatible with the masonry walls. The authors present results of an extensive survey of damage resulting from recent Italian seismic events (with particular reference to the Molise earthquake). We evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of some retrofitting methods in the hope that these findings will be taken into account in technical codes.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterization of Traditional Mortars and Polyurethane Foams in Masonry Wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Foti ◽  
Michela Lerna ◽  
Vitantonio Vacca
Keyword(s):  
Applied Load ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
The Poor

Masonry is a composite material largely used in construction. It exhibits several advantages, including significant compressive strength, thermal inertia, and aesthetic beauty. A disadvantage of masonry is mainly related to the inadequate shear strength due to the poor capacity and ductility of the adopted mortar. This aspect is crucial in seismic areas. In this paper, the behavior of polyurethane foams, used as adhesives for the construction of thin joints brick masonry walls, has been investigated. First, the characterization of components was carried out, followed by laboratory uniaxial tests on masonry walls and shear tests on triplets. Moreover, a comparison of the behavior of the foam-brick walls with respect to the traditional mortars masonry was carried out, as the type of joints varies and the arrangement of the holes of the bricks varies with respect to the direction of the applied load. Results provide indications on which adhesive has to be adopted for masonry buildings in reference to the site of construction (i.e., seismic hazard).

Experimental Seismic Performance Evaluation of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Shear Walls

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Javed ◽  
Guido Magenes ◽  
Bashir Alam ◽  
Akhtar Naeem Khan ◽  
Qaisar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Kashmir Earthquake ◽  
Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation ◽  
Story Drift

Unreinforced masonry buildings, constructed with stones or bricks, are common in the northern areas of Pakistan. In the October 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the seismic performance of stone masonry buildings was found to be poor, which was the primary source of fatalities. Unreinforced brick masonry (URBM) buildings, however, performed well even in severely jolted areas. The performance of URBM could have been much better if the affected buildings were constructed by using proper guidelines. Taking lessons from the disaster, an experimental investigation, based on typical geometry and precompression levels of the URBM shear walls in the affected region, was conducted to evaluate their seismic performance. Twelve walls were tested in the in-plane direction using quasi-static cyclic loading. First-story drift ratios for various performance levels in URBM buildings are proposed. The influences of relative precompression level and aspect ratio on the damage pattern, ultimate drift ratio, and equivalent viscous damping of the walls are examined.

Seismic Strength of Reinforced Multi-Storey Masonry Walls

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Como
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Out Of Plane

Analysis of force transmission through the various structural components is needed to the full understanding of the seismic behavior of masonry buildings. It is in fact necessary to identify the weak links of the chain and define the essential reinforcements to insert in the structure. In this context the Paper analyzes the strengths of masonry walls under the action of out of plane and in plane horizontal forces and compares the systems of reinforcement of the walls that can use steel or Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP).

Numerical Analysis of Seismic Behavior of Masonry Walls Confined by Precast Tie-Columns

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 2429-2435
Author(s):  
Wen Wen Luo ◽  
Ying Min Li ◽  
Ni Na Zheng ◽  
Na Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Constitutive Relation ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Column System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

In order to improve the seismic behavior of the rural masonry buildings and reduce the cost and be convenient for construction, a precast tie-column system was put forward, which was suitable for masonry buildings, constructed by fired common bricks or porous bricks. The uniaxial compression constitutive relation of brick masonry was used for simulating the precast tie-column. And this paper analyzed the difference of the seismic behavior of masonry walls which bearing different vertical compressive stress, and confined by cast-in-place tie-columns or precast tie-columns, and whether contain windows or not. The results show that the uniaxial compression constitutive relation used for simulating precast tie-column is reasonable and the seismic behavior of masonry walls confined by precast tie-columns is better than the wall without tie-colums, and equal to those confined by cast-in-place tie-columns.

scholarly journals Timber Based Integrated Techniques to Improve Energy Efficiency and Seismic Behaviour of Existing Masonry Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10379
Author(s):  
Matteo Busselli ◽  
Davide Cassol ◽  
Alessandro Prada ◽  
Ivan Giongo
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Nonlinear Analyses ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Point To Point

The retrofit solutions studied herein aim to improve the seismic and energetic behaviours of existing masonry buildings to guarantee safety and the preservation of the building heritage. The retrofit consists of timber-based products (panels and strong-backs) fixed to the masonry walls using mechanical point-to-point connections; the durability and the hygrothermal performance of the solutions are guaranteed by insulation layers and membranes. The thermophysical properties of the retrofitted walls were evaluated by means of analytical and numerical analyses, considering the heat transmission in both steady and unsteady state conditions and the thermal bridge in correspondence with the corner of the wall. The in-plane seismic behaviour of the retrofitted walls was numerically investigated through nonlinear analyses. The influence of various parameters (such as masonry and insulation properties) on the performance of the retrofit solutions was analysed via parametric simulations.

scholarly journals Crack resistance of masonry walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
M. K. Ishchuk ◽  
K. A. Aizyatullin
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Creep Deformation ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State

Computer models used in the design calculation of masonry buildings sometimes fail to correctly take into account the stress-strain state of walls and assess the likelihood of cracks caused by the deformation differences of interacting walls.Following the construction of a building, cracks can develop at wall intersections for several years. However, their repair is mostly ineffective until the total damping of masonry creep deformation.Drawing on the analysis of conducted research and field data, the authors give recommendations on ensuring the crack resistance of internal masonry walls.

scholarly journals Behaviour of reinforced masonry shear walls under cyclic loading

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Scrivener ◽  
D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
Constant Deformation

A series of tests on reinforced brick and concrete block walls subjected to cyclic static loading applied in the plane of the walls is described. The parameters varied were the magnitude of bearing loads, wall aspect ratios and reinforcing percentages and distribution. The hysteresis loops from several cycles of load-deflection obtained by cycling at constant deformation, normally a multiple of the deformation at maximum load, were obtained and the walls loaded to failure. In particular, the ductility capability, stiffness degradation, load deterioration and the ductility requirements as determined by dynamic analyses are discussed in relation to the aseismic design of load bearing masonry walls.

Strengthening of Historic Masonry Structures with Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
pp. 613-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Corradi ◽  
Adelaja Israel Osofero ◽  
Antonio Borri ◽  
Giulio Castori
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Masonry Vaults

Existing un-reinforced masonry buildings made of vaults, columns and brick and multi-leaf stone masonry walls, many of which have historical and cultural importance, constitute a significant portion of construction heritage in Europe and rest of the world. Recent earthquakes in southern Europe have shown the vulnerability of un-reinforced masonry constructions due to masonry almost total lack of tensile resistance. Composite materials offer promising retrofitting possibilities for masonry buildings and present several well-known advantages over existing conventional techniques. The aim of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of seismic-upgrading methods both on un-damaged (preventive reinforcement) and damaged (repair) masonry building. After a brief description of mechanical and physical properties of composite materials, three different applications have been addressed: in-plane reinforcement of masonry walls, extrados and intrados reinforcement of masonry vaults/arches and masonry column confinement with composite materials.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Typological Characterization of Traditional Stone Masonry Walls in Old Urban Centres: A Case Study in Viseu, Portugal

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Domingues ◽  
Tiago Miguel Ferreira ◽  
Romeu Vicente ◽  
João Negrão
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
In Situ Characterization

Essential for any intervention in existing buildings, a thorough knowledge of both structural and material characteristics is even more important in the case of traditional stone masonry buildings, due both to the variability of this technology’s properties and the degradation buildings might have sustained. In Portugal, a number of in situ and laboratory experimental campaigns has allowed us in recent years to expand the knowledge on the mechanical properties of stone masonry walls. Nevertheless, the existence of different wall typologies built with the same material necessitates that this characterization takes into account the various regional constructive cultures. This paper presents the results obtained through an in-situ characterization campaign carried out in the old urban center of Viseu, for which there is no information available in the literature. Granite stone masonry walls of two different buildings were analyzed and characterized considering their geometrical and material features, contributing to the identification of stone masonry typologies present in the city’s old urban center. Flat-jack testing yielded resistance and deformability parameters to be used both in safety evaluation and intervention design. The properties obtained can be said to be consistent with those deriving from other experimental campaigns, conducted in granite walls of different typologies, throughout the country. Simultaneously, relevant conclusions about the use of flat-jacks to characterize this type of stone masonry were drawn.

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