Damage and Vulnerability Assessment of Churches after the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Lagomarsino ◽  
Stefano Podestà
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Molise Earthquake

The 2002 Molise, Italy, earthquake sequence shocked the Italian public because it killed school children, but it also highlighted the fact that seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings has increased because of reinforcement work that has been done in the last 50 years. Replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete or steel elements, inserting reinforced concrete tie-beams in the masonry and new reinforced concrete floors, and using reinforced concrete jacketing on the shear walls are all widely used interventions. However, they lead to increased seismic force (because of greater weight) and to deformations incompatible with the masonry walls. The authors present results of an extensive survey of damage resulting from recent Italian seismic events (with particular reference to the Molise earthquake). We evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of some retrofitting methods in the hope that these findings will be taken into account in technical codes.

Rehabilitation of Masonry Buildings with Fibre Reinforced Mortar: Practical Design Considerations Concerning Seismic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ingrid Boem ◽  
Natalino Gattesco
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Historical Masonry

Historic masonry buildings experience a high seismic vulnerability: innovative intervention strategies for strengthening, based on the use of fibre-based composite materials are gradually spreading. In particular, the coupling of fibre-based materials with mortar layers (Fibre Reinforced Mortar technique - FRM) evidenced a good chemical and mechanical compatibility with the historical masonry and proved to be effective for the enhancement of both in-plane and out-of-plane performances of masonry, contrasting the opening of cracks and improving both resistance and ductility. The resistant mechanisms that arise in FRM strengthened masonry walls subjected to in-plane horizontal actions are analyzed in the paper and a practical design approach to evaluate their performances is illustrated, evidencing the dominant collapse mode at the varying of the masonry characteristics. Some masonry walls are analyzed numerically and analytically, as “case study”.

scholarly journals Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings: a case study in the center of Lucca

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Boschi ◽  
Andrea Borghini ◽  
Barbara Pintucchi ◽  
Nicola Zani
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry

scholarly journals Strengthening Methods of the Existing Reinforced Concrete School Buildings in Medina, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mohamed Laissy ◽  
Mohammed Ismaeila
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Current Design

Nowadays, evaluation of the seismic performance of existing buildings has received great attention. This paper was carried out to study the effect of strengthening the existing reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in Medina, Saudi Arabia through assessing the seismic performance and retrofitting where seismic analysis and design were done using equivalent static analysis method according to Saudi Building Code (SBC 301) and SAP2000 software. A Typical five-story RC school building designed according to the SBC301 has been investigated in a comparative study to determine the suitable strengthening methods such as RC shear walls and steel X-bracing methods. The results revealed that the current design of RC school buildings located in Medina was unsafe, inadequate, and unsatisfied to mitigate seismic loads. Moreover, adding steel X-bracing and RC shear walls represent a suitable strategy to reduce their seismic vulnerability.

Strengthening of Historic Masonry Structures with Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
pp. 613-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Corradi ◽  
Adelaja Israel Osofero ◽  
Antonio Borri ◽  
Giulio Castori
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Masonry Vaults

Existing un-reinforced masonry buildings made of vaults, columns and brick and multi-leaf stone masonry walls, many of which have historical and cultural importance, constitute a significant portion of construction heritage in Europe and rest of the world. Recent earthquakes in southern Europe have shown the vulnerability of un-reinforced masonry constructions due to masonry almost total lack of tensile resistance. Composite materials offer promising retrofitting possibilities for masonry buildings and present several well-known advantages over existing conventional techniques. The aim of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of seismic-upgrading methods both on un-damaged (preventive reinforcement) and damaged (repair) masonry building. After a brief description of mechanical and physical properties of composite materials, three different applications have been addressed: in-plane reinforcement of masonry walls, extrados and intrados reinforcement of masonry vaults/arches and masonry column confinement with composite materials.

Seismic Vulnerability of Historic Centers

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigia Binda ◽  
Giuliana Cardani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Minor Architecture

A methodology of investigation and diagnosis on the built patrimony of historic centres in seismic areas is presented with the aim of collecting an extensive knowledge on the structural typologies and behaviour of historic masonry buildings. This investigation is also the base for the prevention and/or repair of damages caused by earthquakes. Small historic centres or residential buildings in larger centres have been considered for long time as “minor architecture”, but they are meaningful testimonies of the local cultural heritage and express the evolution of a society and of its cultural identity. The results of the investigation carried out on different Italian historic centers, allowed also a critical review of the reliability of the analytical models and of the effectiveness of the repair techniques applied in the past decades. The guidelines emerging from the research results are here presented. A “minimal” diagnostic investigation program is also suggested, in order to support the designers in their projects and to set up appropriate mathematical models to study the vulnerability of the structures.

Seismic force demand on ductile reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to western North American ground motions: Part 1 — parametric study

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Boivin ◽  
Patrick Paultre
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Inelastic Shear ◽  
Axial Interaction

A parametric study of regular ductile reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever walls designed with the 2010 National building code of Canada and the 2004 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard A23.3 for Vancouver is performed to investigate the influence of the following parameters on the higher mode amplification effects, and hence on the seismic force demand: number of storeys, fundamental lateral period (T), site class, wall aspect ratio, wall cross-section, and wall base flexural overstrength (γw). The study is based on inelastic time-history analyses performed with a multilayer beam model and a smeared membrane model accounting for inelastic shear–flexure–axial interaction. The main conclusions are that (i) T and γware the studied parameters affecting the most dynamic shear amplification and seismic force demand, (ii) the 2004 CSA standard A23.3 capacity design methods are inadequate, and (iii) a single plastic hinge design may be inadequate and unsafe for regular ductile RC walls with γw < 2.0.

Costs and Benefits of Seismic Upgrading of Some Buildings in the Boston Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisabeth Paté-Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Additional Costs

We examine here the costs and benefits of reinforcing some existing buildings in Boston at the time of remodelling with significant change of use. The buildings of interest are the unreinforced masonry warehouses and the reinforced concrete manufacturing buildings that are remodelled into apartment or office buildings. Given some estimates of the Boston seismicity and of the performance of these buildings in earthquakes with and without additional reinforcement, we evaluate three possible levels of reinforcement that the Masssachusetts Seismic Advisory Committee could recommend as part of the building codes. For the unreinforced masonry buildings, the first upgrading level is the addition of floor and roof diaphragms, and the two subsequent levels involve addition of internal walls and reinforcement of the existing ones. For the reinforced concrete buildings, the first level involves increase of the shear walls' size, and higher upgrading levels involve addition of shear walls and increase of the columns' size. We introduce in our study the market effects of the additional costs. We conclude that only the first levels of reinforcement that we considered could be adopted as regulations, and that higher standards should be left to the choice of the buildings' occupants.

Seismic demand of moderately ductile reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to high-frequency ground motions

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hieu Luu ◽  
Pierre Léger ◽  
Robert Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Code Provisions

A parametric study was performed to examine the seismic behaviour of moderately ductile (MD) reinforced concrete shear walls designed according to Canadian code provisions, including National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) 2010 and Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 23.3-04, when subjected to typical high-frequency eastern North America earthquakes. The numerical models were experimentally validated based on large specimens shaking table test results. The results obtained following the code response spectrum procedure were compared with the results from inelastic response history analyses to investigate the effect of higher modes on seismic force demands. The results indicate that current code provisions for MD shear walls need to be modified. A new base shear factor and shear force design envelop are proposed to evaluate the seismic shear force demand more realistically. This study also recommends that the current CSA 23.3-04 requirements for ductile shear walls for bending moments could be applied to constrain the location of inelastic flexural deformations at the base of MD shear walls.

Interaction of masonry walls and shear walls in masonry buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Sartaji ◽  
Abdoreza S. Moghadam ◽  
Mohsen Ghafory Ashtiany
Keyword(s):  
Shear Walls ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Buildings
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