The definition of seismic risk at dam sites

1981 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chaplow
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Optical (Camera-Based) Technology for Seismic Risk Assessment

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wischgoll ◽  
Tara C. Hutchinson ◽  
Falko Kuester
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Data Transport ◽  
Seismic Risk Assessment ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Global Movements ◽  
Definition Of

Due to an increasing bandwidth for data transport in recent computers, optical (camera-based) sensors with high frame rates and reasonable resolutions can nowadays be used with off-the-shelf computers. By monitoring buildings, bridges and other infrastructure with such sensors, they can greatly assist in risk assessment. In this paper, several field application examples are described, largely encompassing the areas of civil infrastructure monitoring. Optical (camera-based) systems can be particularly powerful for monitoring both local and global movements within a scene or environment. Therefore, natural hazards induced by such movements, for example during earthquake events, are an important application area for these new technologies. First, a clear definition of seismic risk assessment is provided. Subsequently, two important fields where cameras may be useful in seismic risk assessment are described. Specifically, the context of (i) early warning systems and (ii) post-earthquake assessment are addressed. An example of using the optical record from a series of large shake table tests is provided and comparison with other methods discussed.

scholarly journals Damage Assessment in Italy, and Experiences After Recent Earthquakes on Reparability and Repair Costs

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
M. Di Ludovico ◽  
G. De Martino ◽  
A. Prota ◽  
G. Manfredi ◽  
M. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intervention Costs ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

AbstractRecent devastating earthquakes outlined the importance of quantifying losses and the amount of resources needed for the reconstruction process. The restoration of public or residential buildings in the aftermath of the seismic event may significantly affect national economy. This remarks the primary role and crucial need of having accurate predictions of direct and indirect costs for reconstruction in order to plan effective risk mitigation strategies and perform reliable loss scenarios. The recent Italian seismic events have been a unique occasion to collect observational data on existing buildings. The present work, based on the Italian experience of recent earthquakes, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of residential buildings and reconstruction models together with the huge amount of data collected in the reconstruction processes. In particular, an in-depth analysis of the data provided by the reconstruction process of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake is reported focussing on repair and strengthening intervention costs as a function of the empirical damage,repairability issues, and assistance to population costs. The data are discussed separately for reinforced concrete and masonry residential buildings and refers about 10,100 buildings located Outside Historical Centres (OHC) and Inside Historical Centres (IHC). Finally, the criteria adopted for the definition of the building seismic risk classes at the base of the Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions are presented together with recent policies adopted in Italy in terms of fiscal deduction for strengthening interventions on private residential buildings.

Seismic risk evaluation of existing masonry buildings: methods and uncertainties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Croce ◽  
Maria Luisa Beconcini ◽  
Paolo Formichi ◽  
Filippo Landi ◽  
Benedetta Puccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Static Approach ◽  
Definition Of

<p>Masonry structures represent a large part of existing buildings. As confirmed by the damage caused by recent seismic events, the assessment of seismic performance of existing masonry building is then a critical issue in Countries exposed to seismic risk. Moreover, common methods of analysis based on non-linear static approach are significantly influenced by the assumptions about the shear behavior of masonry walls and may lead to inconsistent or contradictory results.</p><p>Due to the relevance of the problem ad hoc studies have been performed to clarify how the most relevant parameters affect the theoretical structural behavior and to setup a proper method to define these parameters.</p><p>In the paper, the main sources of uncertainties regarding the definition of material parameters are investigated and a methodology for the identification of masonry classes is illustrated discussing the propagation of uncertainties related to masonry parameters in non-linear static analysis of masonry buildings. The analysis are carried out through a simplified non-linear pushover type algorithm developed by the authors and the outcomes are illustrated and critically discussed for a relevant case study.</p><p>The results show the capability of the proposed procedure for the identification of masonry classes and the evaluation of masonry mechanical parameters to provide a more refined probabilistic assessment of the seismic risk index.</p>

scholarly journals On the recovery and analysis of historical seismograms

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Palombo ◽  
Nicola Alessandro Pino
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Seismograms

The analysis of historical seismograms has proven to be a fundamental tool to help with the definition of the seismic risk in specific regions. Indeed, modern quantitative reappraisal of relevant earthquakes that occurred before the 1960’s; i.e., prior to both the developments of modern recording instruments and the theoretical progress, has been essential for the assessment of the seismic potential of a source area. However, due to the characteristics (transducing and recording) of the old analog seismographs, the data available are affected by intrinsic uncertainties, and errors can be introduced during the processing of waveform digitization. These drawbacks can seriously influence the quality and reliability of an investigation. In general, no standard technique can be applied when dealing with historical seismograms. Thus, specific tests and cross-checks have to be designed to estimate the limits of each specific analysis. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the whole procedure while focusing on the most crucial steps, from the seismogram recovery to the application of modern techniques for the retrieval of the seismic source information. We also suggest possible checks for the robustness of the data and for the available instrument characteristics, with a description of the effects of various uncertainties on the results that can be obtained. We thus provide useful indications for the analysis of historical seismograms, and also for the correct interpretation of the resulting characteristics of the seismic source.

scholarly journals Parameters and criteria for repair and strengthening of buildings in the old town core of Dubrovnik based on seismic risk analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vladimir
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Seismic Risk Analysis ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
The Town

Definition of the seismicity conditions, the design seismic parameters and the seismic risk level are important and inevitable phases ol the complex process of repair and strengthening of existing structures in certain towns located in seismically active areas. These should be studied in all necessary details in order to provide corresponding bases and define the necessary preventive measures against expected strong earthquakes. Such an approach becomes even nlore necessary arter the experience regarding the last catastrophic earthquakes that occurred in Former Yugoslavia (Skopje. Banja Luka, Montenegro coast and Kopaonik) and inflicted heavy losses of human lives and material properties. The old town core of Dubrovnik is known for the large concentration of buildings of enorrnous cultural-historic importance. Considering the high seismic activity of this area. all these buildings are very likely to experience heavy damage and failure. Tlie history of the town records many catastrophic earthquakes that inflicted heavy material losses and loss of human lives. Here, we can rnention the great Dubrovnik earthquake of 1667 and the last Montenegro earthquake of April 15, 1979 with an epicenter in the Ulcinj-Bar area. The consequences of the latter are well known. The purpose of this paper is to present some results and experience gained from the investigations performed for the area of Dubro~nikil lustrated by several examples of buildings existing in the old town core of Dubrovnik.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Effect of Uncertainties in the Seismic Fragility Analysis of Existing Concrete Dams

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Sevieri ◽  
Anna De Falco ◽  
Giovanni Marmo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Analysis ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Concrete Dams ◽  
Gravity Dams ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering

The seismic risk assessment of existing concrete gravity dams is of primary importance for our society because of the fundamental role of these infrastructures in the sustainability of a country. The seismic risk assessment of dams is a challenging task due to the lack of case histories, such as gravity dams’ seismic collapses, which hinders the definition of limit states, thus making the application of any conventional safety assessment approach difficult. Numerical models are then fundamental to predict the seismic behaviour of the complex dam-soil-reservoir interacting system, even though uncertainties strongly affect the results. These uncertainties, mainly related to mechanical parameters and variability of the seismic motion, are among the reasons that, so far, prevented the performance-based earthquake engineering approach from being applied to concrete dams. This paper discusses the main issues behind the application of the performance-based earthquake engineering to existing concrete dams, with particular emphasis on the fragility analysis. After a critical review of the most relevant studies on this topic, the analysis of an Italian concrete gravity dam is presented to show the effect of epistemic uncertainties on the calculation of seismic fragility curves. Finally, practical conclusions are derived to guide professionals to the reduction of epistemic uncertainties, and to the definition of reliable numerical models.

Integrated seismic risk in developing countries: the case-studies of Palestine and Algeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Definition Of

<p>This paper presents dedicated frameworks, developed within European-funded projects, to create integrated seismic risk models from scratch for developing countries and raise the awareness of the general society. Focusing on the case-studies of Nablus in Palestine and Blida in Algeria, the different components of the risk model (hazard, exposure and vulnerability) are described. In specific, details are provided on: improved Hazard models (considering historical and instrumental catalogues for the West Bank and Northern Algeria); the collection of exposure and fragility data on buildings and bridges throughout the case-study regions, used to develop specific exposure and vulnerability models; the definition of social vulnerability models through census-based and scorecard approaches. Subsequently, the integration of the different components is carried out towards the calculation of integrated risk and considerations on the specificities surrounding developing countries are made. The final products of the seismic risk models can be used by different stakeholders to quantify risk and plan mitigation measures.</p>

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