THE RESPONSE OF THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM TO A STRESSFUL STIMULUS: THE EFFECT OF CONDITIONING AND PENTOBARBITONE TREATMENT

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. BARRETT ◽  
M. A. STOCKHAM
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
The State ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Adrenal Corticosterone ◽  
Stressful Stimulus

SUMMARY Handling of intraperitoneal injections of saline, twice daily for 10 days, did not significantly affect the resting level of corticosterone in the plasma or the adrenals. The conditioning abolished the usual changes in corticosterone levels caused by further handling or injections, reduced the response to exposure to ether vapour and had no effect on the response to histamine. The effect of pentobarbitone on plasma and adrenal corticosterone concentrations was found to be dependent upon the state of the pituitary-adrenal system before administration. Pentobarbitone had no effect on the responses of the adrenal cortex to exogenous adrenocorticotrophin. The responses to ether vapour or histamine of normal rats and rats lightly sedated with pentobarbitone were not significantly different as judged by changes in plasma and adrenal corticosterone concentrations and adrenal ascorbic acid depletion. However, rats deeply anaesthetized with pentobarbitone gave responses indicative of a depression of pituitary-adrenal activity. The sites of action of pentobarbitone on the pituitary-adrenal system are discussed.

Effect of cholesterol on the state of the adrenal cortex in severe stress

1978 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ya. Ryzhavskii ◽  
M. T. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Stress

“IN VIVO” AND “IN VITRO” EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND ACTH ON THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
J. Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Histochemical examination of adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats given both ascorbic acid and ACTH showed an enlargement of the cortex and a decrease of sudanophilic substances, as compared to adrenals of hypophysectomized rats receiving ACTH alone. “In vitro” experiments on incubated slices of adrenal glands have shown that ascorbic acid and ACTH have a synergistic effect on the secretory activity of the cells of the adrenal cortex.

STUDIES ON THE TIME COURSE OF THE RESPONSE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX TO HISTAMINE AND COLD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schönbaum ◽  
W. G. Bruce Casselman ◽  
Rosemary E. Large
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Transient Elevation

Rats were injected with histamine or exposed to cold. In either case there was a transient elevation in the output of corticosteroids by the excised adrenal glands in vitro but a prolonged fall in adrenal ascorbic acid. The return of steroid formation to pre-exposure or even lower rates within three hours was not accompanied by any further change of the concentration of adrenal ascorbic acid.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF ASCORBIC ACID IN ADRENAL CORTEX AND BRAIN CORTEX IN VITRO AND THE EFFECTS OF ACTH AND STEROIDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shail K. Sharma ◽  
R. M. Johnstone ◽  
J. H. Quastel
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Brain Cortex Slices ◽  
Cortex Slices ◽  
Energy Dependent

Uptake of ascorbic acid-1-C14in brain cortex and adrenal cortex slices is an energy-dependent process. Concentration ratios (i.e. ratios of tissue ascorbic acid-1-C14to medium ascorbic acid-1-C14) greater than 4 have been obtained with both tissues in vitro. Ouabain as well as 2, 4-dinitrophenol suppresses ascorbic acid uptake into brain cortex slices.ACTH inhibits the uptake of ascorbic acid-1-C14in adrenal cortex, but not in brain cortex slices. The presence of glucose is necessary for the inhibition. Several cortical steroids, as well as adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate, at small concentrations inhibit the uptake. The results are consistent with the interpretation that ACTH inhibits the uptake of ascorbic acid in the adrenal cortex through the steroids produced in its presence.

Adrenocorticotropic activity in the rat assessed by in vivo and in vitro indices

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Van Goch ◽  
D. De Wied ◽  
E. Schönbaum
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Corticosterone ◽  
Intact Rats

Several indices of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) activity were compared in order to establish the index most suitable for assay purposes, particularly of ACTH in blood. In hypophysectomized rats, the effects of ACTH on adrenal ascorbic acid, cholesterol, and steroid formation in vitro were studied. In intact rats, the effects of formalin on these variables as well as on the adrenal and plasma corticosterone levels and hypophyseal and blood ACTH activity were measured. Adrenal corticosterone as well as steroid formation in vitro increased very rapidly after stimulation by ACTH. In hypophysectomized rats, after intravenous ACTH, significant increases were observed after 5 min. In normal rats, 3 min after the injection of formalin, significant increases of steroid formation in vitro and ACTH activity were observed. The in vitro technique is suitable for the study of changes in ACTH activity. ACTH increases the fraction of corticosterone found in the total amount of corticoid secreted by rat adrenals in vitro.

INHIBITION OF STRESS INDUCED ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION BY MORPHINE,DIBENZYLINE AND ADRENAL CORTEX EXTRACT

Endocrinology ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. OHLER ◽  
R. W. SEVY ◽  
YVETTE BROOKS ◽  
MARTHA KRATKY ◽  
VELMA MARTIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex

scholarly journals Observations on epinephrectomized cats treated with adrenal cortex hormone. Hartman F.A., Griffith F.R. Ir and W.I. Hartman (Am. J. of Physiol. 86, 360, 1928)

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1111-1112
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Injection

The state of chronic adrenal insufficiency was observed in 108 bilaterally epinephrectomized cats with daily injection of an extract from the adrenal cortex. The symptoms were similar to those of acute insufficiency, but in general they tended to develop more gradually.

scholarly journals Разработка и оценка качества сухого концентрата напитка на основе модифицированного пектина с добавлением женьшеня и элеутерококка

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Андрей Подкорытов ◽  
Ирина Кадникова ◽  
Елена Подкорытова ◽  
Валерий Ковалев
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Eleutheroside B ◽  
Phyllospadix Iwatensis

Разработана технология и рецептура сухого концентрата напитка, содержащего функциональные ингредиенты: модифицированный пектин из Phyllospadix iwatensis, гинсенозиды, элеутерозиды и аскорбиновую кислоту. Определены дозы всех ингредиентов с учетом норм суточного потребления. Исследован процесс гранулирования композиции пектина и сахарозы с добавлением настойки женьшеня и экстракта элеутерококка. Содержание пектина, гинсенозидов, элеутерозидов и аскорбиновой кислоты в однократной дозировке напитка (10 г) составляет 100% от адекватного суточного уровня потребления каждого из данных ингредиентов. Проведена органолептическая оценка напитка и определены его основные физико-химические показатели. The technology for producing dry concentrate for a functional beverage based on the modified pectin from the sea grass Phyllospadix iwatensis added with ginseng tincture and eleutherococcus extract is described in the article. To classify the beverage as a functional one, we used a composition containing 20% pectin. The quantitative content of the total ginsenosides (in terms of ginsenoside Rg1) was defined by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 526 nm. The eleutheroside B and ascorbic acid quantity was defined by HPLC with spectrophotometric detection at 270 nm and 243 nm, respectively. To improve the organoleptic characteristics, citric acid and stevioside were added to the beverage. The beverage formula was developed in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard of Russia number 28188-2014 and with the norms of the daily consumption. The content of pectin, ginsenosides, eleutherosides and ascorbic acid in a unit dosage of the drink (10 g) is 100% of the adequate daily intake of each of these ingredients. The organoleptic evaluation of the drink was carried out in accordance with ISO 11035: 1994 and the State Standard of Russia number 6687.5-86. The basic physical -chemical indicators (titrated acidity, humidity, mass fraction of dry substances and minerals) were determined.

scholarly journals Primary adrenal insufficiency replacement therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
V. V. Fadeev ◽  
G. A. Melnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
System 2

Adrenal insufficiency is a clinical syndrome caused by insufficient secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex, which is the result of a malfunction of one or more parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system [2]. Primary chronic adrenal insufficiency (1-CNI) develops as a result of the destruction of more than 90% of the cortex of both adrenal glands by a pathological process. The main causes of 1-CNN are currently autoimmune (80–85%) and tuberculosis (5–10%) destruction of the adrenal cortex [2, 3]. 1-CNN of the indicated etiology is better known as "Addison's disease." 1-CNN is a relatively rare disease (40-110 new cases per 1 million people per year) [2, 3], but it is of considerable importance in the practice of endocrinology. Without exception, all patients with a diagnosis of 1-chronic heart failure need lifelong replacement therapy with corticosteroids (CS), which will be discussed in this work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document