Post-Release Behavior of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) Following an Oil Spill: An Experimental Approach to Evaluating Rehabilitation Success

Waterbirds ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
Melanitta Perspicillata

Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: An experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E.W. De La Cruz ◽  
John Y. Takekawa ◽  
Kyle A. Spragens ◽  
Julie Yee ◽  
Richard T. Golightly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Experimental Approach

Are intertidal soft sediment assemblages affected by repeated oil spill events? A field-based experimental approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sandrini-Neto ◽  
César C. Martins ◽  
Paulo C. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Soft Sediment

Deep Buried Oil Behavior on Sandy Beaches after an Oil Spill: An Experimental Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. abs233
Author(s):  
Ana M. Bernabeu ◽  
Daniel Rey ◽  
Alejandra Lago ◽  
Federico Vilas
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Sandy Beaches

To burn or not to burn? Impact of in-situ oil burning by-products on marine plankton: A mesocosm experimental approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iordanis Magiopoulos ◽  
Christos Chantzaras ◽  
Katerina Symiakaki ◽  
Eleftheria Antoniou ◽  
Christina Pavloudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Marine Plankton ◽  
Soot Deposition ◽  
By Products ◽  
Plankton Communities

<p>In-situ oil burning (isOB) is one of the oil-spill mitigation measures and has been used after some major oil-spill events such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Although the ecological impact of oil spills and mitigation measures on the marine ecosystem are of great interest, the toxicity and biodegradation potential of isOB by-products have been poorly addressed and mainly are an unknown.</p><p>We investigated the effects of burned oil residue and soot deposition on the marine plankton communities of the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea using a mesocosm experimental approach. Coastal water (collected at 300 m from the coast, north of Crete, Greece) was incubated in 3.5 m<sup>3</sup> mesocosms for 26 days. Three different treatments in triplicates were tested. In one treatment, 2 L of Iranian Crude Oil were added and burned (Burned treatment) while soot was collected and deposited in the form of artificial rain in more mesocosms (Soot treatment) using a custom-designed soot collection apparatus. The third treatment served as the non-contaminated control (Control treatment). Samples were collected at 9 time points (from Day 0 to Day 26) and the plankton, from viruses to micro-plankton, was studied using flow cytometry and inverted microscopy.  </p><p>Although the abundance of prokaryotes was slightly decreased in Burned and Soot treatments compared to the Control, the percentage of active heterotrophic bacteria and their relative size (based on their cytometric characteristics) was higher, which is an indication of increased bacterial activity in the contaminated treatments. Viral to Prokaryote Ratio and pico/nano-eukaryotic abundance were significantly increased in the Burned treatment compared to the Control, which could explain the lower bacterial abundance, despite the estimated increased activity, in the Burned treatment. Also, ciliate abundance was significantly lower in the Burned treatment while the opposite was observed in the Soot treatment (up to three orders of magnitude difference between Burned and Soot) compared to Control. Moreover, soot deposits seem to have had a positive effect on the abundance of dinoflagellates and diatoms.</p><p>To our knowledge, this is the first experiment to study the effects of isOB on whole marine plankton communities. It is evident that the in-situ oil burning has a significant effect on the plankton communities not only at the event site but also on distant areas through the soot deposition.     </p>

Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Mircea Fotino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

Obama Beefs Up Oil Spill Response

2010 ◽  
pp. 10052710172048
Author(s):  
Jeff Johnson ◽  
Michael Torrice ◽  
Melody Voith
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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