Are intertidal soft sediment assemblages affected by repeated oil spill events? A field-based experimental approach

Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: An experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (1-2) ◽

pp. 100-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Susan E.W. De La Cruz ◽

John Y. Takekawa ◽

Kyle A. Spragens ◽

Julie Yee ◽

Richard T. Golightly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Experimental Approach

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LONG-TERM WEATHERING OF AMOCO CADIZ OIL IN SOFT INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-401 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 (1) ◽

pp. 401-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David S. Page ◽

Judith C. Foster ◽

Paulette M. Fickett ◽

Edward S. Gilfillan

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽

Reference Site ◽

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Soft Sediment ◽

Biogenic Hydrocarbons ◽

Intertidal Sediments

ABSTRACT Samples of sediment were taken at intervals between 1979 and 1986 from soft sediment locations in the Aber Benoit, an estuary heavily impacted by the Amoco Cadiz oil spill of 1978, and from a comparable reference site outside the spill zone. Each sample was analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons by capillary gas chromatography. The data demonstrate the progressive weathering of the Amoco Cadiz oil resulting in an assemblage of biogenic hydrocarbons similar to the reference site by 1986 at all but the most heavily impacted locations. The data indicate that any residues of weathered Amoco Cadiz oil present in 1985-86 were in the final stages of degradation.

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Community response of deep-sea soft-sediment metazoan meiofauna to the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps11290 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 528 ◽

pp. 127-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

JG Baguley ◽

PA Montagna ◽

C Cooksey ◽

JL Hyland ◽

HW Bang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Deepwater Horizon ◽

Community Response ◽

Soft Sediment ◽

Metazoan Meiofauna

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Deep Buried Oil Behavior on Sandy Beaches after an Oil Spill: An Experimental Approach

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-233 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 (1) ◽

pp. abs233

Author(s):

Ana M. Bernabeu ◽

Daniel Rey ◽

Alejandra Lago ◽

Federico Vilas

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Sandy Beaches

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Post-Release Behavior of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) Following an Oil Spill: An Experimental Approach to Evaluating Rehabilitation Success

Waterbirds ◽

10.1675/063.042.0105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Release Behavior ◽

Melanitta Perspicillata

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To burn or not to burn? Impact of in-situ oil burning by-products on marine plankton: A mesocosm experimental approach

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-14807 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Iordanis Magiopoulos ◽

Christos Chantzaras ◽

Katerina Symiakaki ◽

Eleftheria Antoniou ◽

Christina Pavloudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Ecological Impact ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Marine Plankton ◽

Soot Deposition ◽

By Products ◽

Plankton Communities

In-situ oil burning (isOB) is one of the oil-spill mitigation measures and has been used after some major oil-spill events such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Although the ecological impact of oil spills and mitigation measures on the marine ecosystem are of great interest, the toxicity and biodegradation potential of isOB by-products have been poorly addressed and mainly are an unknown.We investigated the effects of burned oil residue and soot deposition on the marine plankton communities of the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea using a mesocosm experimental approach. Coastal water (collected at 300 m from the coast, north of Crete, Greece) was incubated in 3.5 m3 mesocosms for 26 days. Three different treatments in triplicates were tested. In one treatment, 2 L of Iranian Crude Oil were added and burned (Burned treatment) while soot was collected and deposited in the form of artificial rain in more mesocosms (Soot treatment) using a custom-designed soot collection apparatus. The third treatment served as the non-contaminated control (Control treatment). Samples were collected at 9 time points (from Day 0 to Day 26) and the plankton, from viruses to micro-plankton, was studied using flow cytometry and inverted microscopy. &#160;Although the abundance of prokaryotes was slightly decreased in Burned and Soot treatments compared to the Control, the percentage of active heterotrophic bacteria and their relative size (based on their cytometric characteristics) was higher, which is an indication of increased bacterial activity in the contaminated treatments. Viral to Prokaryote Ratio and pico/nano-eukaryotic abundance were significantly increased in the Burned treatment compared to the Control, which could explain the lower bacterial abundance, despite the estimated increased activity, in the Burned treatment. Also, ciliate abundance was significantly lower in the Burned treatment while the opposite was observed in the Soot treatment (up to three orders of magnitude difference between Burned and Soot) compared to Control. Moreover, soot deposits seem to have had a positive effect on the abundance of dinoflagellates and diatoms.To our knowledge, this is the first experiment to study the effects of isOB on whole marine plankton communities. It is evident that the in-situ oil burning has a significant effect on the plankton communities not only at the event site but also on distant areas through the soot deposition. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;

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Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116942 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 664-665

Author(s):

Mircea Fotino

Keyword(s):

Experimental Approach ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Biological Research ◽

Specimen Thickness ◽

Resolution Limit ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

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