Effect of Tail Loss on Sprint Speed and Growth in Newborn Skinks, Niveoscincus metallicus

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Chapple ◽  
Colin J. McCoull ◽  
Roy Swain
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Tail Loss

Effects of nonlethal injury and habitat complexity on predation in tadpole populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester R. Figiel Jr. ◽  
Raymond D. Semlitsch
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Procambarus Acutus

Our purpose was to determine how nonlethal prey injury and habitat complexity mediate the dynamics of a predator–prey system. We assessed rates of predation by the crayfish Procambarus acutus acutus on Hyla chrysoscelis tadpoles with four levels of tail loss (0, 25, 50, and 75% total tail length removed), and in habitats of three levels of complexity (zero, low, and high density of screen) in a 4 × 3 factorial design. We also examined the effects of tail loss on tadpole sprint velocity and distance traveled. Tadpoles with 75% tail loss were preyed upon significantly more often than tadpoles in the other tail-loss treatments. Habitat complexity did not affect tadpole survival. In addition, there was no interaction between tail loss and habitat complexity. Tail loss significantly affected both tadpole swimming velocity and sprint distance traveled. Tadpoles with 75% tail loss had slower sprint speed and swam a shorter distance than tadpoles with 0 and 25% tail loss, and tadpoles with 50% tail loss had slower sprint speed and swam a shorter distance than tadpoles in the 0% tail loss treatment. Although tadpoles generally rely on short bursts of speed, generated by the tail, to escape predators, tail injury and apparently reduced swimming performance did not increase vulnerability to predation in a simple linear fashion.

The Influence of ACTN3 Gene Polymorphism on VO2max and Sprint Speed Based on Sprint Interval Training Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1573
Author(s):  
Susiana Candrawati ◽  
Nur Signa Aini Gumilas ◽  
Dyah Ajeng Permatahani ◽  
Muhammad Fadhil Wasi Pradipta ◽  
Lantip Rujito
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Speed

Delayed tail loss during the invasion of mouse skin by cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
TING WANG ◽  
ZHENG-MING FANG ◽  
JIA-HUI LEI ◽  
FEI GUAN ◽  
WEN-QI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Traditional Assumption

SUMMARYA traditional assumption is that schistosome cercariae lose their tails at the onset of penetration. It has, however, recently been demonstrated that, for Schistosoma mansoni, cercarial tails were not invariably being shed as penetration took place and a high proportion of tails entered human skin under experimental conditions. This phenomenon was termed delayed tail loss (DTL). In this paper, we report that DTL also happens with S. japonicum cercariae during penetration of mouse skin. It occurred at all cercarial densities tested, from as few as 10 cercariae/2·25 cm2 of mouse skin up to 200 cercariae. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that there was a density-dependent increase in DTL as cercarial densities increased. No such density-dependent enhancement was shown for percentage attachment over the same cercarial density range.

Schistosoma mansoni: tail loss in relation to permeability changes during cercaria–schistosomulum transformation

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Howells ◽  
S. E. Gerken ◽  
F. J. Pinto-Ramalho ◽  
U. Kawazoe ◽  
G. Gazzinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
General Body ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Extensive Lesion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The hind-body region of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae observed in the scanning electron microscope demonstrates various stages of contraction which may be compared with those of living larvae which are secreting the acetabular gland contents.No evidence for an extensive lesion was found in cercarial bodies which had shed their tails under experimental conditions. Experiments on the permeability of the larvae to sodium fluoride, methylene blue and amino acids demonstrated that tail loss significantly affects the permeability of the bodies although the effect is greater immediately after decaudation than at later times. Subsequent increases in permeability may be correlated with a change in the general body surface.

Changes in survival characteristics ofDiplostomum spathaceumcercariae emerged from cadmium-exposedLymnaea stagnalis

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Morley ◽  
M. Crane ◽  
J.W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Diplostomum Spathaceum ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe effect of exposingLymnaea stagnalis(Gastropoda: Pulmonata), infected withDiplostomum spathaceum(Trematoda: Diplostomatidae), to 100 μg l−1cadmium for 7 days on survival characteristics (survival, tail loss, decaudized cercarial life-span) of emerged cercariae was investigated. Exposure ofL. stagnalisto cadmium resulted in significantly increasedD. spathaceumcercarial survival and an inhibited tail loss compared to controls. The normal parallel relationship which exists over time between decreasing cercarial survival and increasing tail loss in controls was changed in cercariae from cadmium-exposed hosts with an increased proportion of cercarial deaths occurring without tail loss. The decaudized cercarial life-span over the survival period of the cercarial population did not significantly change. However comparisons between individuals decaudized during the initial 24 h time period with those which were decaudized during the final period of cercarial survival showed a significantly altered life span which did not occur in the control population. As a potential indicator of penetration ‘fitness’ comparisons were also undertaken between control and exposed cercariae decaudized during the initial 24 h time period, which revealed that the decaudized cercarial life-span from the exposed hosts was significantly different from controls. This may have important implications for the ability of cercariae to migrate through the tissues of their target host. The importance and relevance of these results to parasite transmission are discussed.

Assessing Maximal Sprinting Speed in Highly Trained Young Soccer Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Ben M. Simpson ◽  
Esa Peltola ◽  
Alberto Mendez-Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
Split Time

The aim of the present study was to locate the fastest 10-m split time (Splitbest) over a 40-m sprint in relation to age and maximal sprint speed in highly trained young soccer players. Analyses were performed on 967 independent player sprints collected in 223 highly trained young football players (Under 12 to Under 18). The maximal sprint speed was defined as the average running speed during Splitbest. The distribution of the distance associated with Splitbest was affected by age (X23 = 158.7, P < .001), with the older the players, the greater the proportion of 30-to-40-m Splitbest. There was, however, no between-group difference when data were adjusted for maximal sprint speed. Maximal sprint speed is the main determinant of the distance associated with Splitbest. Given the important disparity in Splitbest location within each age group, three (U12-U13) to two (U14-U18) 10-m intervals are still required to guarantee an accurate evaluation of maximal sprint speed in young players when using timing gates.

scholarly journals Multimodal communication in courting fiddler crabs reveals male performance capacities

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 161093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie L. Mowles ◽  
Michael Jennions ◽  
Patricia R. Y. Backwell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Vibrational Signal ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Additional Signal ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Waving Display ◽  
Redundant Signal ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Multimodal Signalling

Courting males often perform different behavioural displays that demonstrate aspects of their quality. Male fiddler crabs, Uca sp., are well known for their repetitive claw-waving display during courtship. However, in some species, males produce an additional signal by rapidly stridulating their claw, creating a ‘drumming’ vibrational signal through the substrate as a female approaches, and even continue to drum once inside their burrow. Here, we show that the switch from waving to drumming might provide additional information to the female about the quality of a male, and the properties of his burrow (multiple message hypothesis). Across males there was, however, a strong positive relationship between aspects of their waving and drumming displays, suggesting that drumming adheres to some predictions of the redundant signal hypothesis for multimodal signalling. In field experiments, we show that recent courtship is associated with a significant reduction in male sprint speed, which is commensurate with an oxygen debt. Even so, males that wave and drum more vigorously than their counterparts have a higher sprint speed. Drumming appears to be an energetically costly multimodal display of quality that females should attend to when making their mate choice decisions.

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