Sex-Related Differences in Somatic Stored Energy Reserves of Pseudacris crucifer and Pseudacris triseriata during the Early Breeding Season

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Duffitt ◽  
Michael S. Finkler
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Pseudacris Crucifer

scholarly journals Regulation of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle by light and dark.

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Spudich ◽  
R Sager
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Internal Block

By growing cells in alternating periods of light and darkness, we have found that the synchronization of phototrophically grown Chlamydomonas populations is regulated at two specific points in the cell cycle: the primary arrest (A) point, located in early G1, and the transition (T) point, located in mid-G1. At the A point, cell cycle progression becomes light dependent. At the T point, completion of the cycle becomes independent of light. Cells transferred from light to dark at cell cycle position between the two regulatory points enter a reversible resting state in which they remain viable and metabolically active, but do not progress through their cycles. The photosystem II inhibitor dichlorophenyldimethylurea (DCMU) mimics the A point block induced by darkness. This finding indicates that the A point block is mediated by a signal that operates through photosynthetic electron transport. Cells short of the T point will arrest in darkness although they contain considerable carbohydrate reserves. After the T point, a sharp increase occurs in starch degradation and in the endogenous respiration rate, indicating that some internal block to the availability of stored energy reserves has now been released, permitting cell cycle progression.

scholarly journals Deriving condition indices from standard fisheries databases and evaluating their sensitivity to variation in stored energy reserves

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tara Marshall ◽  
Coby L Needle ◽  
Nathalia A Yaragina ◽  
Adnan M Ajiad ◽  
Evgeny Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Condition Indices

To evaluate interstock differences in condition, it would be advantageous to develop stock-level condition indices from standardized databases on weight and length. This study describes a method for estimating stock-level condition when individual-level observations on length and weight are not easily accessible. For each year in a 56-year time series (1946–2001) for Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), pseudo-observations of weight and length were generated by pairing the Norwegian and Russian values for weight-at-age provided annually to the assessment working group with estimates of length-at-age derived from the same databases. A weight–length relationship fit to each year was then used to predict weight-at-length, i.e., girth, for a range of standard lengths (30–120 cm). This index was uncorrelated with both the liver condition index and the abundance of Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus), suggesting that at the stock level, the girth of cod is not necessarily indicative of the magnitude of stored energy reserves. Partitioning body size into length-at-age and girth revealed long-term trends in body size. In particular, large/old cod showed substantially higher values of both length-at-age and girth that could be the result of long-term increases in fishing mortality.

scholarly journals Improvement of Grafted Watermelon Transplant Survival as a Result of Size and Starch Increases Over Time Caused by Rootstock Fatty Alcohol Treatment: Part II

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Shawna L. Daley ◽  
William Patrick Wechter ◽  
Richard L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Alcohol Treatments ◽  
Over Time

Fatty alcohol treatments can be used to eliminate the meristem of cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) rootstocks, which prevents regrowth when grafting, but the effects of the treatment on the rootstock have not been documented. Two rootstock types, ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and ‘Carnivor’ interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) commonly used in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafting significantly increased in cotyledon and hypocotyl size over 21 days after treatment (DAT) with a 6.25% fatty alcohol emulsion. There was a significant increase in total soluble sugar (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) content for each rootstock hypocotyl and cotyledon. Starch concentrations of hypocotyls and cotyledons also increased significantly in both rootstocks. This increase in stored energy could greatly increase the success rate of the grafting process. Increased rootstock energy reserves could overcome the need for keeping the rootstock cotyledon intact when grafting.

Lactation in the Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2471-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Hammill ◽  
C. Lydersen ◽  
M. Ryg ◽  
T. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ringed Seals ◽  
Pup Growth ◽  
Female Weight

Length of lactation, pup growth rate, and female weight loss in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) were estimated using cross-sectional data from the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic. At birth the pups had a standard length of 63.4 cm (SE = 1.3, N = 11) and weighed 5.4 kg (SE = 0.4, N = 6). Weaning occurred approximately 39 d (range 36–41 d) after birth at an estimated length of 88.4 cm (SE = 0.65, N = 96) and an estimated weight of 22.1 kg, resulting in an increase in length of 0.64 cm∙d−1 and a weight change of 0.43 kg∙d−1. Regression of female weight on the number of days after the nominal date of birth for each region indicated that the postpartum female weighed 81.2 kg and lost 0.64 kg∙d−1 (95% CI = ±0.20). During lactation, female weight declined by an estimated 32%, with much of the loss occurring from the blubber. Analyses of stomachs indicated that ringed seals supplemented stored energy reserves by feeding during lactation.

scholarly journals Physical Condition of an Animal, Using as an Example the Common Eider, Somateria mollissima

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud J. Cabanac
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Survival Chance ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Time Of Year

An index of the physical condition of an animal should describe its endogenous available energy. The welfare of the animal depends on its ability to spend its stored energy (lipid and protein) in order to survive the environmental and behavioural challenge at the particular time of its capture. I propose a new index to predict the survival chance of the subject. The new index of physical condition takes into account the available endogenous energy reserves and the known needs of the species at that particular time of year. I further illustrate this new method of estimating the physical condition by running a trial with Common Eiders, Somateria mollissima.

The effect of temperature on calling energetics of the spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer)

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore L. Taigen ◽  
Jennifer A. O'Brien ◽  
Kentwood D. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Pseudacris Crucifer ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Range Of Variation

AbstractOxygen consumption of calling male spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) was measured at five temperatures (7, 10, 15, 19, and 23°C) encompassing the natural range of variation encountered during the breeding season. Oxygen consumption increased as a linear function of calling rate, which in turn was a linear function of temperature. Hence, nearly all the increased cost of calling at warmer temperatures was accounted for by increases in calling rate; temperature did not appear to have any independent effect on activity metabolism. During one breeding season, ambient temperature increased throughout the season, resulting in an hourly cost of calling at the end of the season that was double the cost at the beginning. Periodic warm spells also resulted in major increases in the cost of calling.

scholarly journals Sirt4 is a mitochondrial regulator of metabolism and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1564-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Wood ◽  
Bjoern Schwer ◽  
Priyan C. Wickremesinghe ◽  
Davis A. Hartnett ◽  
Lucas Burhenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Branched Chain

Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacylases that control metabolism, stress response, genomic stability, and longevity. Here, we show the sole mitochondrial sirtuin in Drosophila melanogaster, Sirt4, regulates energy homeostasis and longevity. Sirt4 knockout flies have a short lifespan, with increased sensitivity to starvation and decreased fertility and activity. In contrast, flies overexpressing Sirt4 either ubiquitously or specifically in the fat body are long-lived. Despite rapid starvation, Sirt4 knockout flies paradoxically maintain elevated levels of energy reserves, including lipids, glycogen, and trehalose, while fasting, suggesting an inability to properly catabolize stored energy. Metabolomic analysis indicates several specific pathways are affected in Sirt4 knockout flies, including glycolysis, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and impaired catabolism of fatty acids with chain length C18 or greater. Together, these phenotypes point to a role for Sirt4 in mediating the organismal response to fasting, and ensuring metabolic homeostasis and longevity.

Annual changes in corticosterone and its response to handling, tagging and short-term captivity in Nyctibatrachus humayuni

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Amruta M. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are primarily involved in mobilising energy reserves to various physiological processes including reproduction. During situations of stress, GCs also help in coping with stress by diverting energy away from processes such as growth and reproduction. Hence, studying annual and seasonal changes in GCs of wild populations can help in understanding their role in stress management and reproduction. The quantification of GCs in wild animals involves capturing, handling and restraining, which could be stressful. Moreover, different species may exhibit differential sensitivity to different stressors. Hence, determining species-specific sensitivities and responses to different stressors may help in developing effective conservation measures. In this context, we studied the annual and seasonal variations in corticosterone metabolites of the Bombay night frog, Nyctibatrachus humayuni. In addition, the effects of handling, marking and short-term captivity (24 h) on corticosterone metabolite levels of N. humayuni were determined. Our results show that urinary corticosterone metabolites (UCM) varied significantly annually and between the sexes; in males, the levels were highest during the breeding season, whilst in females, the levels were highest just before the breeding season. Interestingly, UCM levels of both the sexes were not affected by tagging with visual implant elastomer (VIE), and by short-term captivity, suggesting that these manipulations were not stressful in terms of corticosterone responses.

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