Urchins in the meadow: paleobiological and evolutionary implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids

Paleobiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Baumiller ◽  
Rich Mooi ◽  
Charles G. Messing
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Made In

Deep-sea submersible observations made in the Bahamas revealed interactions between the stalked crinoidEndoxocrinus parraeand the cidaroid sea urchinCalocidaris micans.The in situ observations include occurrence of cidaroids within “meadows” of sea lilies, close proximity of cidaroids to several upended isocrinids, a cidaroid perched over the distal end of the stalk of an upended isocrinid, and disarticulated crinoid cirri and columnals directly underneath a specimen ofC. micans.Guts of twoC. micanscollected from the crinoid meadow contain up to 70% crinoid material. Two of three large museum specimens of another cidaroid species,Histocidaris nuttingi, contain 14–99% crinoid material.A comparison of cidaroid gut contents with local sediment revealed significant differences: sediment-derived material consists of single crinoid ossicles often abraded and lacking soft tissue, whereas crinoid columnals, cirrals, brachials, and pinnulars found in the cidaroids are often articulated, linked by soft tissue, and unabraded. Furthermore, articulated, multi-element fragments often show a mode of fracture characteristic of fresh crinoid material. Taken together, these data suggest that cidaroids prey on live isocrinids.We argue that isocrinid stalk-shedding, whose purpose has remained a puzzle, and the recently documented rapid crawling of isocrinids are used in escaping benthic predators: isocrinids sacrifice and shed the distal stalk portion when attacked by cidaroids and crawl away, reducing the chance of a subsequent encounter. If such predation occurred throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (possibly since the mid-Paleozoic), several evolutionary trends among crinoids might represent strategies to escape predation by slow-moving benthic predators.

Corrigendum to ‘Deep-sea macrourid fishes scavenge on plant material: Evidence from in situ observations’ [Deep-Sea Res. I 57 (2010) 621–627]

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Jeffreys ◽  
Marc S.S. Lavaleye ◽  
Magda J.N. Bergman ◽  
Gerard C.A. Duineveld ◽  
Rob Witbaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Material Evidence

New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4766 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER L. MAH
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
The North ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Feeding Observations ◽  
Occurrence Records ◽  
In Situ Feeding

Exploratory cruises by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer have resulted in a substantial contribution in our understanding of deep-sea echinoderm biodiversity, biology, and ecology in the North Atlantic. This includes the description and in situ feeding observations of two, new corallivorous goniasterid species, Evoplosoma nizinskiae n. sp. and Sibogaster bathyheuretor n. sp. Significant in situ observations include a synchronous feeding event including multiple goniasterid asteroids and a cidaroid urchin on a large demosponge, providing new data for understanding echinoderm feeding behavior, including agonistic behavior, in deep-sea settings and new, in situ feeding observations for 28 deep-sea species including the myxasterid Pythonaster atlantidis, the korethrasterid Remaster palmatus and the poorly understood hippasterine goniasterids, Gilbertaster caribaea and Sthenaster emmae. 

scholarly journals First in Situ Observations of Behavior in Deep-Sea Tanaidacean Crustaceans

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kakui ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
In Situ Observations

Current and Potential Uses of a Custom-made in Situ Raman Spectrometer for Deep-sea Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rinnert ◽  
F. Colas ◽  
M. Tardivel ◽  
O. Péron ◽  
L. Ruffine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Raman Spectrometer ◽  
In Situ Raman ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Made In

scholarly journals Long-term in situ observations on typhoon-triggered turbidity currents in the deep sea

Geology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Zhang ◽  
Zhifei Liu ◽  
Yulong Zhao ◽  
Christophe Colin ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
In Situ Observations

Using red light for in situ observations of deep-sea fishes

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2077-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Widder ◽  
B.H. Robison ◽  
K.R. Reisenbichler ◽  
S.H.D. Haddock
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Red Light ◽  
In Situ Observations

Deep-sea macrourid fishes scavenge on plant material: Evidence from in situ observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Jeffreys ◽  
Marc S.S. Lavaleye ◽  
Magda J.N. Bergman ◽  
Gerard C.A. Duineveld ◽  
Rob Witbaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Material Evidence

scholarly journals The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i> at 3500 m in the Nazaré Canyon (NE Atlantic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 3061-3094
Author(s):  
T. Amaro ◽  
S. Bianchelli ◽  
D. S. M. Billett ◽  
M. R. Cunha ◽  
A. Pusceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Megafaunal organisms play a key role in the deep-sea ecosystem functioning. At 3500 m depth in the Nazaré Canyon, NE Atlantic, very high abundances of the infaunal holothurian Molpadia musculus were found. Sediment samples and holothurians were collected by ROV and experiments were conducted in situ in incubation chambers. The biochemical composition of the sediment (in terms of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), the holothurians' gut contents and holothurians' faecal material were analysed. In the sediments, proteins were the dominant organic compound, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. In the holothurian gut contents, conversely, protein concentrations were higher than the other compounds and decreased significantly as the material passed through the digestive tract. About 33±1% of the proteins were digested already in the mid gut, with a final digestion rate equal to 67±1%. Carbohydrates and lipids were ingested in smaller amounts and digested with lower efficiencies (23±11% and 50±11%, respectively). As a result, biopolymeric C digestion rate was on average 62±3%. We also calculated that the entire holothurians' population could remove from the sediment about 0.49±0.13 g biopolymeric C and 0.13±0.03 g N m−2 d−1. These results suggest that the M. musculus plays a key role in the benthic tropho-dynamics and biogeochemical processes of the Nazaré Canyon.

scholarly journals In situ observations of trophic behaviour and locomotion of Princaxelia amphipods (Crustacea: Pardaliscidae) at hadal depths in four West Pacific Trenches

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Jamieson ◽  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
Toyonobu Fujii ◽  
Imants G. Priede
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Japan Trench ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Made In

The genus Princaxelia, Pardaliscidae, is a rarely recorded, infrequently collected and hitherto observed benthic amphipod, typically found at hadal depths (>6000 m) in the Pacific Ocean trenches. Little is known about the behaviour or physiology of this genus. Using a baited camera lander, observations of Princaxelia jamiesoni were made in the Japan Trench (7703 m) and Izu–Ogasawara Trench (9316 m) and of Princaxelia aff. abyssalis in the Kermadec Trench (7966 m) and Tonga Trench (8798 m). These amphipods rapidly intercepted the bait and preyed upon smaller lysianassoid amphipods. Mean absolute swimming speeds for P. jamiesoni and P. aff. abyssalis were 4.16 cm.s−1 ± 1.8 SD and 4.02 cm.s−1 ± 0.87 SD respectively. These amphipods have the capacity for long range swimming, high manoeuvrability in close range, and efficient predatory behaviour. Burst swimming speeds for P. aff. abyssalis were 9 and 10 cm.s−1 with accelerations up to 22–25 cm.s−2.

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