scholarly journals Hormesis in the Brown Citrus Aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Exposed to Sublethal Doses of Imidacloprid

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Dong Chen ◽  
Meeja Seo ◽  
Timothy A. Ebert ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq ◽  
Wenquan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoptera Citricida ◽  
Sublethal Doses

scholarly journals Impact of Chronic Exposure to Sublethal Doses of Glyphosate on Honey Bee Immunity, Gut Microbiota and Infection by Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Loreley Castelli ◽  
Sofía Balbuena ◽  
Belén Branchiccela ◽  
Pablo Zunino ◽  
Joanito Liberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Honey Bee Health ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
The Impact

Glyphosate is the most used pesticide around the world. Although different studies have evidenced its negative effect on honey bees, including detrimental impacts on behavior, cognitive, sensory and developmental abilities, its use continues to grow. Recent studies have shown that it also alters the composition of the honey bee gut microbiota. In this study we explored the impact of chronic exposure to sublethal doses of glyphosate on the honey bee gut microbiota and its effects on the immune response, infection by Nosema ceranae and Deformed wing virus (DWV) and honey bee survival. Glyphosate combined with N. ceranae infection altered the structure and composition of the honey bee gut microbiota, for example by decreasing the relative abundance of the core members Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus apis. Glyphosate increased the expression of some immune genes, possibly representing a physiological response to mitigate its negative effects. However, this response was not sufficient to maintain honey bee health, as glyphosate promoted the replication of DWV and decreased the expression of vitellogenin, which were accompanied by a reduced life span. Infection by N. ceranae also alters honey bee immunity although no synergistic effect with glyphosate was observed. These results corroborate previous findings suggesting deleterious effects of widespread use of glyphosate on honey bee health, and they contribute to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying a global decline of pollination services.

scholarly journals A Three-Pronged Approach to Studying Sublethal Insecticide Doses: Characterising Mosquito Fitness, Mosquito Biting Behaviour, and Human/Environmental Health Risks

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Mara Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Rubén Bueno-Marí ◽  
Miguel. A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Biting Behaviour

Worldwide, pyrethroids are one of the most widely used insecticide classes. In addition to serving as personal protection products, they are also a key line of defence in integrated vector management programmes. Many studies have assessed the effects of sublethal pyrethroid doses on mosquito fitness and behaviour. However, much remains unknown about the biological, physiological, demographic, and behavioural effects on individual mosquitoes or mosquito populations when exposure occurs via spatial treatments. Here, females and males of two laboratory-reared mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, were exposed to five different treatments: three doses of the pyrethroid prallethrin, as well as an untreated and a negative control. The effects of each treatment on mosquito species, sex, adult mortality, fertility, F1 population size, and biting behaviour were also evaluated. To compare knockdown and mortality among treatments, Mantel–Cox log-rank tests were used. The results showed that sublethal doses reduced mosquito survival, influencing population size in the next generation. They also provided 100% protection to human hosts and presented relatively low risks to human and environmental health. These findings emphasise the need for additional studies that assess the benefits of using sublethal doses as part of mosquito management strategies.

Expression profiles of glutathioneS-transferase superfamily inSpodoptera lituratolerated to sublethal doses of chlorpyrifos

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Shu-Na Chen ◽  
Li-Hua Huang ◽  
Qi-Li Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Sublethal Doses
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